The 850th anniversary of Beijing's capital is counted from "Jindu". Before Jin Dynasty, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Beijing was once the capital of Yan State and later Nanjing, the capital of Liao State. But why did it start as "jindun"? The famous historian Dai Yi explained this. He said: Yan was only a feudal country at that time and could not be called a state power. There are many capital cities in Liao, and Beijing is just one of them. It was not until Jin that Beijing really became the political center. Wan Yanliang, the king of Hailing, built walls, palaces and houses in Beijing. Wan Yanliang chose Beijing as the capital, mainly considering that Jin's "going to Beijing" (now Acheng, Heilongjiang Province) was very remote, which was not conducive to the rule of the whole country and economic exchanges with the Central Plains. At that time, Yanjing had many lakes, developed transportation and rich products, so it was decided to move the capital and named Zhongdu. Both Jin and Jian Dynasties have great historical significance: First, they promoted the exchanges between the Han nationality and the Khitan, Nuzhen, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities, which is an important symbol for the Chinese nation to gradually form a unified country. Second, it means that the political center of China has moved northward. In 1 15 1 year, Jin started to build its capital, and in 1 153, it was built and moved to the capital. This year happens to be the 850th anniversary. Beijing established the "Memorial Que of Beijing Capital" at the site of Da 'antang in Jinzhongdu, Binhe Park, Xuanwu District. The bronze giant que composed of Qinglong and Dougong shows the cultural heritage of the ancient capital. If you come to Jinzhongdu on 1 153, you can see towering walls and castles from afar. Entering Fengyimen in the south, willows are densely planted on both sides of the huge imperial road. In front of Jinlong Bridge, the white stone bridge stands on the clear water. Not far from Yang Xuanmen in the Imperial City, there are hundreds of cloisters on the Imperial Road, and in the north, there are hundreds of cloisters from east to west, all the way to Miyagi. The ridge of the corridor is covered with glazed tiles, which is the famous thousand steps corridor. Further north is yingtianmen (later renamed Tian Tongmen), the main entrance of Miyagi, and then enter Da 'anmen and Jin Kui Hall. Tian Tong Gate is 8 feet high and 1 1 room, with gold nails and red paint on the door and five openings. There are overlapping buildings in the four corners of Tongtianmen, ancestral halls in the east and six provinces in the west. This is reminiscent of the scene of Kaifeng in Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty. 1 1 13 years, Nuzhen, who rose in Baishan and Heishui, was appointed as the leader of Hong Yan by Akuta Yan Hong to train and herd horses. 1165438+in 2005, akuta became the founding gold of the emperor. 10 years later, Emperor Zuo of Liao Tian was captured, and two years later, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was captured. In the army of the Jin people, there are two grandsons of Akuta Yan Yan, one is Yan Yanliang and the other is Yan Yong. They marveled at the prosperity and beauty of the capital of song dynasty. This Yan Hongliang is the king of Hailing. Later, he moved the capital to Yanjing and built the capital. Later, Wan Yanyong, who replaced King Hailing as emperor, was Sejong. 1 126 Jin Taizong Tianhui leap In November, Jin people played Bianjing for the second time. Liu, the minister of surrender in Liao Dynasty, said, "When Xiao He entered the customs, Qiu didn't break the law, but just collected books. When Emperor Taizong of Liao entered the border, he returned to China by road, robe and stone sutra. " In this way, the Jin people captured two cases of Qin Hui, described the cities and palaces of Bianjing, and brought all the ritual vessels, robes, books, armor, musical instruments, Jiuding, Faint Tianyi, bronze figures, carved buildings, maps of counties, craftsmen, doctors, musicians, actors and prostitutes to the north by car. 1 14 1 At the end of the year, Yue Fei was killed and Jin people were paid tribute in the Southern Song Dynasty. 1 149, Yan Hongliang killed Xizong to stand on his own feet. 1 15 1 year wrote an imperial edict to move the capital to Yanjing, thinking that Jin ruled most of China, and the capital was still in Huining House (now Acheng, Heilongjiang Province), so he decided to build Yanjing and decided to move the capital. Wan Yanliang was educated by the royal family and advocated the culture of the Central Plains. The book "History of the State of Jin" records that "the King of Jin loves to study classics and never forgets anything when he reads them. As soon as he saw the cultural relics in Jiangnan, he was amazed. " He is familiar with the classics of poetry and calligraphy, and once wrote a scientific test of "loyalty to ministers and filial piety", flaunting filial piety as beneficial to rule. He built Daque in the south of the inner city and the east of former Brown, which is a ancestral temple dedicated to the ancestors of the Jin Dynasty. And buried the remains of ancestors in Dahong Valley, Dahongshan, Fangshan, and established the mausoleum of the Jin Dynasty. He also said that he attached great importance to Confucian filial piety. "History of Jin" 1 15 1 year, "There is the system of Yancheng Miyagi in the sub-map", "The painter was sent to write about the system of the capital (referring to Bianjing) Miyagi, and he was lenient and narrow, so as to give it to the left generation and repair it according to the map." In order to imitate the central axis of Bianjing, there is also a central axis from Fengyimen in the south to Gongchenmen via Jin Kui lobby. There are twelve gates: Stone Man, Xuanyao and Yangchun in the east; Li Ze, Hao Hua and Zhang Yi in the west; The beauty, abundance and courtesy of the south; In the north, Huicheng, Xuantong and Chongzhi were added, and later Guangtaimen was added. The naming also uses Confucian words such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. Beijing, called Youzhou in the Tang Dynasty and Nanjing in the Liao Dynasty, was once a big city in the north. But it is much worse than the extravagance of Bianjing. Yan Hongliang serves 800,000 migrant workers and 400,000 soldiers. Construction began in the third year of Tiande (1 15 1), and in March of153, it went to Yanjing ... Mao Yi, moved its capital to Zhenyuan. Change Yanjing to Zhongdu, and the government calls it Daxing. " Among the completed Zhongdu, the Imperial City is slightly north of the city, and Miyagi is in the Imperial City. Nine miles in the imperial capital, nine palaces. The main hall is the Da 'an Hall, with three terraces and winding water on both sides. Ren Zhengdian in the north of Da 'an Hall is the daily court, Prince Dongfang Palace in the northeast is Qin Long Palace, and Shoukang Palace of the Empress Dowager is in the north. There is a garden surrounded by clear water in the west of Gongcheng, and there is a west garden outside Xihuamen as the imperial garden. 1 170, Fan Chengda, an emissary and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, personally met Zhongdu, and wrote: "Looking around, there are many temples, the system is not good, and the craftsmanship is ruined. The so-called extravagant people ... the country's system is strong, and they often spare no effort. In the end, it is not similar. " It also confirms the luxury of Zhongdu and the learning of the Central Plains. Since then, the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties have successively established their capitals here. It can be said that since 1 153, Beijing has become the political and cultural center of the north and even the whole of China.