Yang charm's name, fine print, is the thirteenth generation grandson of Yang Duan, the ancestor of Yang who entered Bozhou in the third year of Ganfu (AD 876). Prince Charming, the son of Shi Yang, was adopted as the heir by his uncle Yang Ke when he was a child. Teenagers are eager to learn, deeply believe in Confucian classics and have great ambitions. In the early years of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (A.D. 120 1), he attacked the Anfu ambassador in Bozhou and was in charge of broadcasting for more than 30 years. He is a very successful ZTE figure in Bozhou history.
In the second year of Song Dynasty (AD 1206), Jin Bing invaded Tongguan, and after entering Shaanxi, Sichuan made Wu rebel and cast gold for treason. In the first month of the following year, he became the "King of Shu" and became the son of the Jin people. With strong patriotic enthusiasm, Yang charm condemned the surrender and division, decided to lead an army to crusade, and the army was about to set off. Wu was executed in Xingyuan Puppet Manchu Palace. In order to support the Anti-Japanese War, Yang charm paid the imperial court 300 war horses, with tens of thousands of taels of yellow, white, gold and silver, "to help the country use them", and suggested that the imperial court pursue them with victory and "make a massive northern expedition, and be ashamed first in the snow". In the twelfth year of Jiading (A.D. 12 19), in order to continue to support the War of Resistance Against Gold, it was said that "three hundred horses were lost to Shu Shuai, and when Shu Shuai heard about it, it was better to be promoted". Mu Yongzhong, the "Nanping Yi", took advantage of the autumn of national turmoil to invade the "public land" in large quantities and set out to crusade, "cutting Yongzhong and returning its land". Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yang family in Bozhou has been in civil strife for power and land. Yang Huan, the younger brother of the family, lived in the land of "xia yang", tore up the agreement of "abandoning the war" and "plundered the world in violation of the African Union", making people miserable. "Sending troops to punish" returned all the land and rent plundered by Yang Huan to Zhou Zhen, unified the land of xia yang by force, and ended the chaotic situation of Bozhou's long division. Later, "Nanping Min Tusi Wei Gui killed his father and stood on his own feet", and he sent troops to suppress it. "Losing to Dianchi Lake (now Sichuan Huili), beheading thousands of times, reclaiming 700 miles of land, is better than thousands of battles between cattle and sheep." In many foreign wars, Xie Yang plundered a lot of wealth and serfs under the banner of "defending morality" and expanded Bozhou territory with the help of martial arts. Therefore, later historians commented that Bozhou spread to Zhen, "the frontier began to be sealed."
Yang charm's rule over Bozhou is known as "both civil and military". Historical records show that he was "filial, thrifty, thrifty, beneficial to the people" because of his loose domestic policy, which was not demanding. Bozhou's society was stable, production developed and wealth increased. He inherited the traditions of his ancestors and his father, and advocated Confucianism by "building houses to cultivate scholars" and "attaching importance to literature and art", and built temples by scholars, "cultivating Confucianism, the Kremlin, Brahma Temple and Zhaoxiu County Bridge Road". Many scholars, monks and Taoist priests spread their knowledge and religion in Bozhou, and each has his own place. "Tombstone" praised Yang Ranran: "A scholar's feathers all say that he likes Confucianism, good manners and good morality. "The Wen Zhi advocated by him has accelerated the process of civilization in Bozhou, a barren land in the south." Children and grandchildren are good at following the rope and respecting the learning of loving Lu; Pay attention to words and deeds, just like the customs of Zou Lu ",and Bozhou" local customs have changed a lot ",and there has been a good situation of" just like China cultural relics ". Yang charm-san is a hero who initiated the "prosperous time of broadcasting country". While developing culture, he vigorously promoted and governed the army, implemented the agricultural policy, and organized and trained a local armed force. Carry out the policy of "combining agriculture with agriculture, making Qiang Bing rich". This well-trained and well-organized team was very brave in several internal and external battles. By attacking Bike and Wei Jun Town, it greatly strengthened and consolidated its dominant position. His descendants inherited and developed this set of effective military management skills. When Yang Jia and Yang broadcast, in order to fight against the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and defend the country, the heroic Bozhou army galloped in the southwest battlefield, playing a unique role in many expeditions, and repeatedly made outstanding achievements, which was praised as "the screen of the country" by the court.
In his later years, Yang charm took Confucian moral thought as the criterion, summed up his life's ruling experience, wrote down ten family instructions, and carved stones to show future generations. Wen Ri: "Do my duty, respect filial piety, keep autumn, protect territory, be frugal, distinguish the virtuous, be forgiving, be happy, be extravagant, and be cautious about punishment." This 10 family precept was rated as "teaching success and benefiting future generations" by future generations. Yang charm died in the Song Shaoding period and became a doctor of Wuyi. Because later generations served in the battlefield in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Song Dynasty sealed and posthumously awarded Yang charm and other titles for many times, and gave them the titles of right military commander, Jizhou secretariat, general and Zhongzhou defense envoy, and "gave Dian loyalty and sealed Wei".
He Tengjiao
He Tengjiao (1592- 1649), a native of Liping, Guizhou Province, was born in a scholarly family. Grandfather He Zhiqing, Amin Jiajing Gong Sheng, is the main book of Kaixian County, Kuizhou, Sichuan Province. His father, He Dongfeng, was a tribute student during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and was a snowman in Xinzhou, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Legend has it that when Teng Jiao was born, the villagers "suddenly saw the golden carp flying into Hezhai, but suddenly disappeared, and everyone regarded Teng Jiao as a magic fish in the well". Legend has it that the villagers all respect Teng Jiao.
When Teng Jiao was a little older, he followed his father to school. Father's training class is very strict. One day, when he asked about books, his father was very angry. He raised the inkstone and hit Teng Jiao on the head, cursing, "I have no regrets if I don't teach." Therefore, Teng Jiao made unremitting efforts and passed the scholar's exam, "strive for the first place at the age of 20". But after taking the provincial and township exams, he failed. In the exam, he was placed in Class 4, because his article hurt the current politics. My father was furious, and my mother, Mrs. Liao, secretly informed people not to go home. Teng jiao then hid in the home of Mr. Li Jingxi, who sold books, and studied with tears. Later, I went to Neijiang to go to my cousin Qijiao and wanted to find a job for my brother. Knowing his purpose, Jiao wanted to stimulate him to make progress, so he told the gatekeeper not to let him in and gave him a copy of Hundred Classics and a copper coin. Feeling ashamed, Teng Jiao went back to his hometown and stayed in Tianxiangge, Nanquanshan, outside the county seat, studying hard day and night, and assiduously honing his ambition.
In the first year of tomorrow (A.D. 162 1), Teng Jiao hesitated for a long time after he obtained the rural examination in Guizhou, because his father died and his family was poor. With the help of Mr. Li Jingxi, a bookstore, he set off for the provincial capital, trying to get a candidate in the exam. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was appointed in Yuci County, Shanxi Province, and then served as county magistrate in Jiexiu, Fenyang, Nanyang and Daxing, Shaanxi Province. Teng Jiao ruled Nanyang and "bandits" made an insurrection. He adopted the policy of "restraining and comforting" to help the people, and once rode alone to appease and surrender the enemy and make the four sides safe, so he became famous.
In the 11th year of Chongqi (A.D. 1638), the imperial court promoted him as the minister of war and Yuan Wailang. 12, the garrison road in Koubei, Shanxi Province was transferred. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Chongqi, he was ordered to be the garrison road in Yunyang, Hubei. After being "worried by his mother", he resigned and returned to Li. After filial piety, he became a soldier with a weak heart. During his tenure, they were all famous for their "talent and sensitivity", honesty, diligence and love for the people.
In March of the 16th year of Chongqi (A.D. 1643), Shi Kefa, the governor of the Ministry of Supervision, strongly recommended him as the suggestion of Youdu, replacing Wang Jukui as the governor of Huguang. Zuo refers to Zuo Liangyu, the company commander stationed in Huguang, who is armed to the teeth. At that time, Hubei was occupied by peasant rebels, and Wuchang was the only county. Zuo Liangyu's army is undisciplined and arrogant. Someone advised Teng Jiao not to go. Teng Jiao said: "The purpose of the state to raise officials and set up officials is to save the nation and survive, and it should be immortal for thousands of years; Today, I live in fear of death. Is it the responsibility of people and ministers? " So he generously went to his post. After he arrived, he did all the sideline work all day without asking questions. And Zuo Liangyu also took Teng Jiao's prestige and accepted it wholeheartedly, so that he could live in peace. In the spring of the following year, Hui Dengxiang was sent, and Mao Xianwen returned to De 'an House, Suizhou and Wuchang to settle down.
After the Qing army entered Beijing as its capital, it adopted a brutal policy of national oppression. On the one hand, win over the Han bureaucratic landlords and jointly suppress the peasant rebels; On the one hand, it forced the Han residents in Beijing to move out of Beijing, and promulgated the order of enclosure, the order of shaving hair and the escape law, in an attempt to rule China by violence, thus further intensifying ethnic conflicts.
In May of the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), some bureaucratic landlords of the Ming Dynasty established the Axe King in Nanjing, established the Hong Guang regime, and called for "returning to their hometowns to worship their ancestors" to resist the southward movement of the Qing army. Officers and men all over the country responded in succession, and people everywhere pinned their hopes on this regime to restore the motherland and save the people. However, Hong Guang's imperial court was corrupt, the axe king only knew pleasure, the feudalistic rulers had a serious party struggle, and the regime was extremely unstable. In June of the same year, I wrote to Chu. At that time, Zuo Liangyu was stationed in Hanyang Prefecture, with 70,000 to 80,000 troops. His subordinates objected and refused to open the letter, so they deliberately intervened in state affairs. Teng Jiao said: "National security depends on it. If I don't obey the imperial edict, I should die for it. " Take the sword to Liangyu's residence. At that time, Lu Ding, an official in charge of discipline in Zuo Liangyu, also argued for the country's good fortune, and expressed his righteousness to Zuo Liangyu before opening the imperial edict as a ceremony, thus temporarily stabilizing the political situation. In August of the same year, he ordered the Ministry of War to wait for Lang Fu Xiang. In winter and November, Teng Jiao was appointed to be in charge of military affairs in Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. Soon, Zuo Liangyu, in the name of "Jun Qing side", planned to send troops to the East Expedition, punished Ma Shiying, a university student in Dongge, and Ruan Dayou, a minister of the Ministry of War, and started a civil war, which brought about self-destruction. Teng Jiao tried to dissuade him for the sake of the overall situation. Liang Yu didn't listen, but robbed and killed the people in the city and threatened Teng Jiao's peers. When the boat reached Hanyangmen, Teng Jiao jumped into the river and drifted for more than ten miles, and was rescued by fishing boats. People from far and near believe that Teng Jiao will not die after entering the water for three days and nights, so the people are more convinced of him. Teng Jiao bypassed Liuyang and arrived in Changsha, Hunan Province. After that, he called his men to discuss the strategy of defending the Qing Dynasty. Yin was appointed governor of Hubei, governor of Hunan, and overseer of the army by the governor ... Soldiers led by Huang Chao Xuan, Zhang Xianbi, Liu and others were successively transferred to Changsha to gather and make a little progress. At this point, Zuo Liangyu had died on the way to Jiujiang, and his son Zuo Menggeng was later cleared.
In May of the second year of Shunzhi (AD 1645), the Qing army occupied Nanjing, the axe king was captured, and the Hong Guang regime fell. Subsequently, the towns of Su Song in the south of the Yangtze River were successively occupied by the Qing army. In April of the same year, Tang Wang Zhu was stationed in Fuzhou, with the title Long Wu. When Tang Wang lived in Nanyang, he was called Teng Jiaoxian, entrusted with an important task, and added the title of Teng Jiaodu's poems.
In April this year, Li Zicheng was killed, and the remnants of the peasant army were led by Hao, Liu Tiren, Yuan Zongdi, Li Jin and Gao. A total of about four or five hundred thousand people, heading for Jingxiang. The rebels are disciplined and supported by the local people. They suddenly lost their head coach and realized that the enemy was in front of them. They should unite with the loyal ministers of the Ming Dynasty to jointly resist the Qing soldiers. The peasant army went south from Yuezhou to Xiangyin, more than 100 miles away from Changsha. It did not compete with the Ming army, and informed the Ming army that it was willing to submit to Commander-in-Chief He Tengjiao, expressing the hope to unite and defend against the strong enemy. He Tengjiao sent Wan Dapeng to lead several riders to camp Hao to discuss cooperation conditions. Waving flags, etc., led 50,000 peasant troops to Changsha. Teng Jiao frankly comforted, gave a banquet, and rewarded officials with wine. Then he waved the flag and called Yuan Zongdi, Lin Zicheng and Niu to lead the thief back. Teng Jiao's troops suddenly increased by 65,438+10,000, which was a great shock.
Soon, Li Jin and Gao gathered hundreds of thousands of people to push Changde, and Teng Jiao accepted and settled in Jingzhou. From then on, Li Jin followed Teng Jiao wholeheartedly, and hundreds of thousands of peasants returned to Teng Jiao for restraint. Later, Ming generals Lu Ding, Ma Jinzhong and Wang Yuncheng also accepted Teng Jiao's orders. The army gathered together and claimed that there were millions. Tang Wangli worshipped Teng Jiao, a university student of Dongge and a minister of the Ministry of War, and was appointed as Xingbo, who was in charge of military affairs in Henan, Chu, Qin, Shu and Guangdong, and still supervised the division. And ordered to recover Jiangxi first, and then recover the south. He Tengjiao commanded 654.38+ 10,000 peasant troops, stationed in various parts of Hunan, shouldering the heavy responsibility of resisting the attack of the Qing army. In the north of Huguang, Li Jin and Gao led 18 battalion, with a total of more than 300,000 people. Renamed Zhongyiying, under the jurisdiction of Du Yinxi. He Tengjiao adapted these peasant army strategies, still under the command of the former peasant army generals, and was stationed in the Jingxiang area of Huguang, with a total of 13 towns, that is, the 13 th Army of Jingxiang, which was praised by people. Soon, it was in close contact with the peasant army in eastern Sichuan and developed into the thirteenth army in Kuidong, which contained a considerable number of Qing troops in the Anti-Japanese War.
After the thirteen armies of Jingxiang joined forces with the Ming army, the momentum of the Ming army suddenly became stronger. /kloc-in the spring of 0/646, the Qing government sent troops to attack Huguang. He Tengjiao led the army from Changsha and defeated the Qing army in Yuezhou. Soon, he won several battles in Tengxi, Xiangyin and other places, so that the Qing army could not invade the south for the time being, and the Longwu regime was able to build a country in Fuzhou calmly.
He Tengjiao has been guarding Changsha for three years, and the military discipline is strict, so the soldiers dare not disobey. At that time, when the plague prevailed, he hanged orphans and made suggestions, and the people were temporarily revived. And he eats coarse grains, wild vegetables and wears patched clothes. At that time, the salary was insufficient, so Zhang Kuang was appointed to establish the salary, raise the land rent, pre-levy the commissary for two years, confiscate the property of the rich households, set up a casting bureau to cast money, and levy a salt tax to fund the salary. What is commendable is to build a literary field in the war, open branches and select scholars, so that the two lakes will not waste string songs and the political situation will be temporarily stable.
1646 In August, Emperor Long and his empress were unfortunately captured by the Qing army in Tingzhou and died in Fuzhou. When the news came, Teng Jiao was extremely sad. He worked hard to protect the environment as always.
When the news of the martyrdom of Emperor Longwu reached Wuzhou, Qu Shizhen, the governor of Guangxi, immediately returned to Zhaoqing, established Wang Gui Zhu Youlang as the throne, changed his country name to Li Yong, made Li Bai Teng Jiao a college student in Wuyingdian, and added Prince Taibao. At that time, he kept Yiyang, and Wen gradually forced him to quit Yiyang and keep Changsha. At this time, Teng Jiao was in a very difficult situation.
1647 February, the Qing army pushed Guangdong, and Wang Gui fled from Zhaoqing to Wuzhou. The Qing army soon occupied Wuzhou, and Wang Gui went to Guilin. At this time, Guilin was preserved only when Qu Shizhen, a college student, persisted and resisted tenaciously. At that time, in Huxiang area, the 13 th Army of Jingxiang led by Governor He Tengjiao fought tenaciously with the Qing army, which played a vanguard role.
At this time, Liu, the ambitious company commander of Wugang, took him from Guilin to Quanzhou, went to Wugang in March, and Qu Shizhen stayed in Guilin. At that time, the traitor Kong Youde led the Qing army to attack Changsha, and Ma Jinzhong and Wang Jincai fled one after another. He Tengjiao was lonely, and left Hengzhou on his horse. Changsha and Xiangyin fell. In May, Tengjiao went to Yongzhou, and soon retreated to Baiya City (now Andong County, Hunan Province).
On August 13th, the Qing army attacked Wugang, and Liu fell into the city. Gui Wang arrived in Jingzhou as soon as possible with his officers and returned to Guilin in September. Jiao Lian was the only one in the city, and Teng Jiao was afraid of being alone, so he led Zhao and Hu Yiqing into the city to help. In times of crisis, Nan 'an Hou Hao waved flags and shouted, and immediately gathered more than 10,000 people, shaking up and down. Waving the flag and shouting, fighting with Jiao Lian's department coincided with Lu Ding's troops. Teng Jiao mediated and made Guilin stable. So Teng Jiao sent Jiao Lian, Hao, Lu Ding, Zhao and Hu Yiqing to guard Xing 'an, Lingchuan and Yining counties respectively, and the situation improved slightly.
1 1 month, the Qing army forced Quanzhou, and Teng Jiao supervised five generals to jointly defend the enemy and personally went to Yingrong River Estuary. In February of the following year, the Qing army swept down from Hunan and occupied Quanzhou and Xing 'an. Hao waved his flag and defeated Guilin, voted for Liuzhou and ran for Nanning. In March, Teng Jiao heard the news in Yongning and returned to Guilin. On the sixth day of April, Teng Jiao overseers Jiao Lian and Hu Yiqing refused to defend the Third Division, while Teng Jiao overseers armies and ruled the Central Plains. Hu Yiqing led the troops, took the lead with a halberd, shook the mountain, and the Qing army was repelled. Teng Jiao followed Yan Guan and took the lead in attacking the Li Third Bridge in Xing 'an. The Qing army camped in the pond and spread all over the valley, and four forces invaded. Teng Jiao ordered Zhao Yin to lead the Fifth Division to March forward bravely, with many gains. Until now, Hu Yiqing still led the troops to continue fighting. When we arrived at Li Sanqiao, the people were enthusiastic and the Qing army retreated to Xing 'an. On the eighth day, Teng Jiao, the general of the army, went to Fenghuangping, 30 miles away, to fight the Qing army in the pine forest. The ambush guns of the Qing army rumbled. Teng Jiao ordered a four-way attack, and ordered Zhao and Hu Yiqing to lead the towns to fight. After a long battle, they looked like thunder. Zhou Jintang and Xiong Chaozuo of Biaozhen were ordered to strike from the left mountain of Fenghuang Ping, and the Qing army was defeated, and the dead mountain piled up, and the water of Luanhe Bridge did not flow. 16, the Qing army retreated.
On May 15, Teng Jiao commanded three armies to attack Quanzhou City, from Chen Chen to Youyu, and 45 people were injured by gunfire. On the 26th night, Zhao Yin was ordered to choose the governor to attack Beiguan, the governor Jiao Lian attacked Nanguan and the first battalion Pu Zhen attacked Xiguan. The next day, Hu Yiqing advanced into the city, captured Li, the governor of the Qing court, and escorted him to Guilin for beheading. Each battalion attacked one after another and learned to cut the elite of the Qing army. This campaign, eight wars and five attacks, regained the whole state. History calls it "the victory of the whole country". In June, Jin Shenghuan, the general of Jiangxi Province, and Li Chengdong, the general of Guangzhou Province, made a comeback. The Qing army in Hunan gradually retreated. In autumn and July, Teng Jiao entered a full state. In August, Wang Gui entered Zhaoqing from Wuzhou. Teng Jiao sent Cao Zhijian, Lu Ding, Jiao Lian and Zhao to attack Yongzhou. Around March, 36 battles were fought, and in November, Yongzhou was captured. Soon, the lost land of Liankebaoqing, Hengzhou, Changde and other places was gradually recovered, and almost all of Hunan was recovered, which greatly promoted the anti-Qing movement. At this time, the anti-Qing struggle in Guangdong and Sichuan resumed. The Yuyuan Army behind the Qing army, the rebel army in Luliang Mountain and the peasant rebel army in Guanzhong all launched a large-scale offensive. For a time, the area controlled by Li Yong regime expanded to Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong provinces, and the first anti-Qing climax appeared in Nanming period.
However, due to the partisan disputes and contradictions within the Li Yong regime, the peasant army was also excluded and could not unite against the enemy, which gave the Qing army a breathing space. In addition, the discipline of Nanming army was slack, and the generals were cowardly and greedy, and did not accept He Tengjiao's command and restraint. People from all walks of life fought in their own way, which seriously weakened the combat effectiveness. As a result, in the later wars, Ma Jinzhong set fire to Changde and left Wugang. Wang Jincai abandoned Baoqing and fled, and the commanders of various counties and cities fled when they heard the news. At that time, Teng Jiao was stationed in Hengzhou. He was very shocked and worried when he saw the world thousands of miles away. In the first month of the sixth year of Shunzhi (AD 1649), Teng Jiao asked Ma Jinzhong to send troops to Changsha from Yiyang, and invited Li Jin to Hengzhou from Zhongyi Camp. At that time, he only took 30 soldiers. But Li Jin has gone to the east, and Teng Jiao has followed him to Xiangtan. Xiangtan is an empty city, and Li Jin abandoned it and left. Teng Jiao is stationed in Chengwei. At that time, people went to reinforce Jiangxi, and Jin Shenghuan and Huang Feiluan had been transferred to Quanzhou. Ma Jinzhong heard about Teng Jiao's intellectual man fit and went alone. He immediately sent troops to chase him, but it was too late. Treacherous court official Kong Youde learned that Teng Jiao was in Xiangtan's empty city, chased him to the gate day and night, and sent general Xu Yong to Xiangtan without pomp. Lead Luo Bai to persuade Teng Jiao to surrender. Xu Yong, the former head of Zuo Liangyu, once followed Teng Jiao. Teng Jiao was furious and cursed when he saw that he was ill. He raised his sword to cut Xu Yong, so Xu Yong had to back off. /kloc-at dawn on 0/9, the camp was empty. Teng Jiao sat in the classroom wearing a square towel and casual clothes, and said sadly, "Is it an act of god that I worked hard as a supervisor for five years and finally became like this?" The Qing army came from all directions, surrounded Teng Jiao and placed him in Huide Temple outside the city. Yang Yiying, the general of Xuanwei in Ming Dynasty, didn't know where Teng Jiao was going. He wanted to save him. He ventured into Chengwei seven times to look for him, but he couldn't find him. He was hit by a stream vector and died. The Manchu nobles raised Teng Jiao in a lonely mountain, invited him to talk and persuaded him to submit to the Qing Dynasty. Teng Jiao sat on her knee and said nothing. The Qing army brought more than 40 members of his family (including his stepmother and his wife, Mrs. Xu) to coerce him into surrendering. Teng Jiao said calmly, "My mother died, and I have no regrets. I will do my best. " He forced him to surrender. He said: "Unfortunately for our country, the minister was exiled. I shoulder the heavy responsibility of Daming's 300-year rule. Can I serve two masters with one body? I am a bloody person, and I am indomitable. Why don't you draw a sword and kill me? " Tong Yanghe saw that he was determined and unshakable, so he quit. Teng Jiao lives in buddhist nun, sits in a safe position, laughs, tells him not to go several times and feeds him several times. One day, a monk in buddhist nun gave him a bowl of water to drink. He immediately waved his hand and said, "Please bring me another pot of river water and have a good drink." The monk immediately scooped up a bowl of river water and Teng Jiao took it. Looking south, he said with tears: "This river flows from Hengshan, which is the water of Wang Gui! This water can wash my stomach, and I died with my eyes closed. " Teng Jiao drank the river and fasted for seven days without dying. Tong Yanghe sent someone to persuade him to surrender, but he refused to say, "Confucius said he wanted benevolent government, while Mencius said he wanted justice." If he left his clothes, he would do so, and I would take it with me. I will make up my mind. Don't say anything more. " Tong Yanghe sighed: "What a tough guy, his ambition can't be changed." I couldn't bear to kill him, so I gave him a bundle of silk rope and a sweat towel and let him cut it himself. At that time, after the drizzle, he walked leisurely, wiped the towel with his sleeves, and sang a poem "Seven Laws":
The world is full of human suffering, and the eyebrows lock the Xiangjiang River.
Refine the heart of a stone, Lingyun has no way to comfort the three continents.
The mountains and rivers are bare and the wind is sad, and the country is full of rain.
If you fail, it will pass. Every year, Du Fu blood shed.
This poem expresses his deep mourning for the pain of national subjugation, his undying devotion to national integrity, and his deep nostalgia for the people of the motherland and his brothers and sisters in Sanxiang.
He Tengjiao hanged himself at Tai Po Bridge [it was ugly at that time (AD 1649) on January 26th], at the age of 58. More than 40 people in his family were killed by the brutal Qing army at the same time. After the bad news of Teng Jiao's death came out, people in various counties and cities in Hunan shed tears and mourned. When Wang Gui heard the news, the three armies mourned, watched the sacrifice and wept bitterly. All three armies cried and heard for miles. He Tengjiao was named "King Zhongxiang" by posthumous title, and Wenlie of posthumous title was located in Tianma Temple in Zhaoqing. His son He was appointed as an imperial envoy of the capital.
In the 14th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1675), in order to commend the ministers of the late Ming Dynasty and Teng Jiao's "loyalty", the Qing court built a shrine next to the Shenyu well in Liping City, and named it "He Zhongcheng Gongci". The following year, Teng Jiao's nephew (a mosquito) went to Xiangtan to help him return home and was buried in Xifo Cliff outside the west gate of Liping. Later, after several constructions, it was named "Ming Xiang Wang He Tengjiao Cemetery". The villagers wrote: "Next to Dabu Bridge, the ancient name Sun Moon has the same name; There are mountains and rivers in the loess on the cliff of Xifo. " Expressed the admiration and reverence of the villagers for He Hong.
Li Shuchang
Li Shuchang (1837— 1896), a native of Zunyi, Guizhou, was a famous diplomat and essayist in the late Qing Dynasty.
Li Shuchang lost his father when he was six years old, and his family was poor and sick, but he studied hard and worked tirelessly. At the age of 14 or 15, he became a poet and won the first place in the prefectural examination. At the age of twenty-one, he became a government scholar. 186 1 year, Li Shuchang left Zunyi and went to Beijing to take the rural examination in Shuntianfu, but failed twice. 1862, because he replied to tens of thousands of current affairs letters, he was valued by the court and was named magistrate of a county. He was sent to Anqing for Zeng Guofan's disposal. As a result, Li Shuchang, together with Zhang Yuzhao, Wu Rulun and Xue Fucheng, became the "four disciples of Zengmen" and embarked on his official career. He used to be the magistrate of Wujiang and Qingpu in Jiangsu. From 1876 to 1880, Li Shuchang, with Guo Songtao and Chen Lanbin as counsellors, went to Britain, France, Spain and other countries successively, and began his life-long diplomatic activities. From 188 1 year to 1884 and 1887 to 1889, Li Shuchang served as the Japanese minister to China twice as a Taoist priest, which made outstanding contributions to promoting friendly exchanges between China and Japan. When I left office, people who saw me off in Japan crowded the driveway and held a farewell party hundreds of miles away. The envoys of western countries grumbled that this was a phenomenon that had never happened before when envoys returned to China.
Li Shuchang's contribution to culture is mainly the publication of Gu Yi series. This book consists of 200 volumes in 26 categories. Li Shuchang copied the long-lost precious ancient books of Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming in Japan and edited them with high-grade paper. Among them, there are three and a half volumes of Jade Wares in Tang Dynasty, thirteen and a half volumes of Wenguan Linz, six volumes of A Brief History of Song Dynasty and five and a half volumes of A Jade Ring in Taiping. This is extremely useful for studying ancient Chinese and historical geography in China.
In addition, there are six volumes of Zhuo Zun Garden Collection, twenty-eight volumes of Continuation of Ancient Chinese Characters, two volumes of Going to Beijing, eight volumes of Western Magazine, twelve volumes of Zeng Nianpu, one volume of Zeng Taifu Yi Zhuan, Li Jiapu, and an examination of the national heritage of Guizhou.
1August, 896, Li Shuchang returned to Zunyi from Chuandong Road due to illness. 1died on February 20th.
Scholars in Southwest China —— Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi
Zhengzhen and Mo Youzhi were the most famous literati, writers and calligraphers in Guizhou during Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods in Qing Dynasty. They are not only successful in their studies, but also classmates and close friends. Their achievements in many aspects are highly valued by scholars, and they are honored as "Zheng Mo" and "Southwest Confucianism".
Yin,no. Night Chai Weng,no. Shanzi, Wuchi passer-by, is the same as Tingchang. 1March, 806 10 was born in Tianwangli, Xixiang, Zunyi, a farmer with only a few acres of wasteland. He has been diligent and studious since childhood, and he has a good memory, and he can memorize all kinds of things. In order to provide him with a better learning environment, his parents gave up the land in Xixiang in 18 18 and moved their family to Yaowan, Le 'anli, Dongxiang, which is close to his home. His uncle, Li Yao, was a magistrate in Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province, and had a large collection of books. Zhengzhen often stays at his uncle's house. His uncle always fills him with a box of books. Zhengzhen never leaves the case from morning till night, and he has to read thousands of words a day. Later, he devoted himself to studying the works of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, Zhu and others in the Song Dynasty, and carefully studied Neo-Confucianism. Over the years, he has made remarkable progress in his studies. 1825, Cheng Enze, assistant minister, inspected politics in Guizhou, elected him as a tribute student, and instructed: "If you don't study first, how can you study the books of three generations and two Han dynasties?" Therefore, he further studied the form, sound and meaning of characters in the pre-Qin period and the origin of various systems. Scholars at that time paid great attention to textual research. He inherited this tradition and learned from facts. He is neither unconventional nor easily accepted. Later, he worked with Professor Mo from Fu Xue, Zunyi, and learned the views and opinions of many Confucian masters. He studied hard for more than 30 years, and finally made a deep achievement in Confucian classics. His major works in Confucian Classics and philology include: A Book of Confucian Classics, Eight Notes on Yi Li's Private School, Two Notes on the Analects of Confucius, One Book of Fu Zhong's Illustration, One Book of Relatives, Two Books of Shuowen, One Book of Shuowen's Appendix, and A New Examination of Shuowen.
Mo Youzhi (Zi Xian, self-named pavilion, later named Lao) 18 10 was born in a scholarly family. His father, Mo Yuzhuo, was a scholar in Jiaqing four years in Qing Dynasty. He used to be a professor in Jishi Shu, imperial academy, a magistrate in Yanyuan, Sichuan, and a magistrate in Zunyi, Guizhou. He has written books such as Jiangnan, Benevolence, and The Legacy of Zhen Ding. Mo Youzhi received a good family education from an early age. I started reading at the age of three and started reading poetry books at the age of seven. He was deeply impressed by Hui Yuan's poem "There are shadows outside the Zhushan Mountain". He once named the thatched cottage where he studied with the word "shadow mountain". At the age of twenty-one, I got a place in the exam and became a famous village girl.
Mo Youzhi is well versed in the study of Han and Song Dynasties, and has a certain research on Cang Ya, the old saying, Six Classics, famous things, system, epigraphy and bibliography. His main works are Ting, Classic Books of Song and Yuan Dynasties, Ancient Carved Banknotes, Notes on Literary Works in Tang Dynasty, Textual Research on the Sound and Rhythm, Notes on Cocoon Spectrum, Notes on Qian Poetry, Notes on Ting Poetry, Notes on Ting Poetry, Notes on Ting Poetry and Notes on Ting Poetry. However, looking at Mo Youzhi's achievements in his life, the most outstanding one is in the art of calligraphy. Mo Youzhi worked hard at calligraphy since he was a child. It is said that he uses earth red as ink and practices writing a certain number of words every day. After a long time, every word, whether it is regular script, official script or seal script, has to be printed hundreds of times, and the overlapping stippling matches one by one, which makes people sigh. Usually I also like to talk about inscriptions, and I have a lot of research on seal cutting in Han Dynasty. He wrote many postscript to explain his views and experiences. After living in the south of the Yangtze River, I went to Jurong Mountain to collect the beam monument, personally supervised the development, and wrote a volume of Liang Shi Collection, explaining it in detail. He has collected more than 100 seals of Han steles, and his own seals are also modeled after Han steles. So among the famous calligraphers at that time, he formed his own family. The Draft of Qing History records that he is "really good at seal script, unlike the people after the Tang Dynasty, and the world is precious".
187 1 Sept.14th, Mo Youzhi went to Yangzhou and He Lixia in Jiangsu province to look for the books lost after the Wenzong and Wen Hui museums were burned, but unfortunately he died in Xinghua county. The following year, he was buried in Qingtian Mountain, Xinzhou, Zunyi.
Hua Yao
Hua Yao (1876— 1930), a native of Guiyang, Guizhou, was a famous scholar, poet and painter in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. 1897. 1902, he was invited to give a lecture at Bishan Academy in Xingyi. 1904, born as a scholar, served as director of Yuheng Department of Ministry of Industry. During the reform, I went to Japan to study at Hosei University. After returning to China, he was appointed as the director of the shipping department and the director of the postal department. Later, he moved to Beijing and lived in the Lotus Temple outside Xuanwu Gate. In the early Republic of China, he was a member of the Senate and the president of Beijing Women's Normal University. Due to the warlord melee and political chaos, the heir lived in seclusion in a ruined temple and made a living by selling his own poems, calligraphy and paintings.
In poetry, Hua Yao is especially good at writing lyrics and composing music. Hua Yao wrote 29 1 poems and 86 songs. Representative works include Tang Fu Ci, Geng Wuchun Ci and Yi Qu.
In calligraphy and painting, Hua Yao is especially good at painting landscapes, flowers and inscriptions. The title of the picture, plum, seal, line and grass, is moderately selected and integrated with the picture, which becomes interesting. Yao Huang is the best peony he painted. It is colorful and full of commercial flavor, so people nicknamed Hua Yao "Yellow Peony". Pale Red Landscape, written by Hua Yao 19 18, is still selected in the Selected Works of Hundred Years.
However, Hua Yao's most famous artistic achievement lies in his originality. Guo Moruo once said: "The Poem of Ingtuo is a unique painting from ancient times to the present. Spreading the god of rubbings and writing photos of rubbings are like the bright moon in the water, the famous flowers at the bottom of the mirror, mysterious and ethereal, refreshing! "
1June 4, 930, Hua Yao died of illness. His works include thirty-one volumes of Tang Milei's Draft, Lotus Temple Calligraphy and Painting Collection, Hua Yao's Blind Man's English Tuo, Elementary School Questions and Answers, Three Stories of Writing, Stone Carvings, Qian Yu, Ancient Blind Words and so on.