Daqing Oilfield was the largest oil region in China in 1960s and 1980s. Located in the middle of Songliao Plain, Binzhou Railway runs through the middle of the oilfield. Among them, Daqing Oilfield is a large anticline structural reservoir with Lamadian, Sarthou and Xingshugang high points from north to south. The reservoir is Mesozoic continental Cretaceous sandstone with a depth of 900 m ~1200 m and medium permeability. Crude oil is mainly paraffin, which has the characteristics of high wax content (20% ~ 30%), high freezing point (25℃ ~ 30℃), high viscosity (surface viscosity 35) and low sulfur content (below 0. 1%). The specific gravity of crude oil is 0.83 ~ 0.86. 1959, the first oil well was drilled in Gaotaizi Oilfield. 1March, 960, Daqing Oilfield was put into development and construction. Since 1976, the annual crude oil output has been more than 50 million tons, and the oil output of 1983 is 52.35 million tons. The discovery and development of Daqing oil region confirmed that continental strata can generate oil and form large oil fields, thus enriching and developing the theory of petroleum geology, changing the backward appearance of China's petroleum industry and having a great impact on the industrial development of China.
Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China at present, which was put into development and construction on 1960. It consists of 48 oil and gas fields with different scales, including Sarthou, Xingshugang, Lamadian and Chaoyanggou, covering an area of about 6,000 square kilometers. The exploration scope mainly includes the northeast and northwest exploration areas, with a total of 14 basins and a registered exploration area of 230,000 square kilometers. Since 1960 oilfield was put into development and construction, the accumulated proven petroleum geological reserves were 5.67 billion tons, and the total crude oil output was182/kloc-0.00 million tons, accounting for 47% of the total onshore oil output in the same period. The proven geological reserves of natural gas are 54.82 billion cubic meters, and all kinds of funds are paid to bear the crude oil price difference of more than 654.38+0 trillion yuan. In particular, it has achieved an annual output of 50 million tons of crude oil for 27 consecutive years, creating a miracle in the history of world oil field development.
Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co., Ltd., and China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co., Ltd. is a state-owned holding mega-enterprise whose main business is oil and natural gas exploration and development. 1At the end of 999, Daqing Oilfield was restructured and separated. On June 2000, 65438+1 October1,Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd. and China Oil and Gas Co., Ltd. were officially registered and listed in the United States and Hongkong, with a registered capital of 47.5 billion yuan. At present, the total assets are 65438+0089 million yuan, and the total number of employees is 90427. Since its establishment six years ago, the company has produced 294 million tons of crude oil and 654.38 billion cubic meters of natural gas, with an average annual oil-gas equivalent of over 50 million tons. The sales revenue is 584 billion yuan, and the total profit and tax is 479.5 billion yuan, ranking first among the top 100 taxpayers in China year after year.
1September 26, 959 16 o'clock, near Datong, a small town in Songnen Plain, the black oil flow from an oil well named "Songji Sanjing" rewrote the history of China's oil industry: a world-class super-large sandstone oil field was discovered in Songliao Basin!
At that time, on the occasion of the National Day of 10, Ouyang Qin, then secretary of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee, proposed to change Datong into an anniversary and dedicate the anniversary oilfield as a special gift to the new China, which was founded on the anniversary of 10.
"Daqing", a name derived from oil and taken from the National Day, has become famous all over the country and spread all over the world.
Speaking of Daqing, we have sorted out several "links"-
The birth of Daqing Oilfield has brought China petroleum industry into a new historical period. 196365438+On February 4th, Xinhua News Agency broadcasted the press release of the Fourth Session of the Second National People's Congress, announcing to the world for the first time: "China used to rely on imports for most of its oil, but now it can basically be self-sufficient." China's oil industry completely got rid of the label of "inferior oil", and the era when Chinese people used "foreign oil" is gone forever.
From 1976, the annual output of crude oil in Daqing Oilfield exceeded 50 million tons for the first time and entered the ranks of super-large oilfields in the world. 1978, China's annual crude oil output exceeded 65438+ 1 100 million tons, and it has since entered the ranks of major oil producers in the world. It is worth mentioning that since then, China's reform and opening up has been guaranteed based on "blood". The annual output of 50 million tons has been miraculously maintained by Daqing people for 27 years.
The impressive achievement of stable and high yield in Daqing Oilfield has effectively ensured the realization of the strategic goal of "stabilizing the east and developing the west" of China petroleum industry. Corresponding to the annual stable production, it is the stability of national construction; Corresponding to the high annual income is the high speed of national development.
During the 46 years of annual development, the cumulative production of crude oil 1 8.210 million tons is equivalent to producing nearly10.4 tons of crude oil for the people of the whole country, and all kinds of funds (including bearing the crude oil price difference) have been paid to the state, totaling more than1trillion yuan.
If you think the above news background is a bit complicated and distant, then take a look at the latest information-"On September 10, the top 500 taxpayers in China were announced. Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd. topped the list for the fifth time with a tax payment of 27.89 billion yuan. "
I paid special attention to the relevant reports, almost all of which were so few words. Daqing people have long been accustomed to silent drilling and silent oil production, and have long been accustomed to such regrets.
The problem is that Daqing people can contribute silently, but silent dedication is not the same as obscurity. No matter who you are, forgetting the "large area" of this history should not be forgotten, and it is worth serious reflection. Exploring this point is bound to involve beliefs, beliefs, values, sense of direction, etc. This is a big topic that cannot be underestimated.
The 20th century is an oil century. In the wars of the 20th century, most people shed their blood for oil. These words have long been stale. When history entered 2 1 century, even ordinary people all over the world really realized the heaviness of oil.
In order to help us think, we might as well quote two sets of figures: starting from 1993, China became a net importer of crude oil, with an import volume of 9.3 million tons and an external dependence of only 6%; After 12, the domestic crude oil output in 2004 was 654.38+75 million tons, and the external dependence reached 45.7%. During the period of 12, the annual domestic oil production increased by less than 2.5 million tons, while the annual oil consumption increased by more than100000 tons.
According to the prediction of relevant research departments, by 2020, China's oil demand will reach more than 450 million tons, and the domestic output may be1.80 to 200 million tons of crude oil, with an estimated gap of 252.7 million tons.
Although China is a country rich in resources, its per capita possession is far below the world average. The remaining recoverable oil reserves in China are 2.43 billion tons, ranking 1 1 in the world, but the per capita oil reserves are only 1.89 tons, equivalent to 7.6% of the world average (25 tons).
These boring figures mean that we have long been thrown into the "oil-deficient country" hat in the Pacific Ocean and have to put it back on.
Keeping pace with the great development of the country and keeping in line with the great goals of the country is the new connotation of "Iron Man Spirit" endowed by the anniversary of the new century.
Daqing: A Classic of Spirit
How can you write about Daqing without mentioning "Iron Man" Wang Jinxi?
1964 At the end of the year, when the First Session of the Third National People's Congress was held, Wang Jinxi spoke on behalf of the national workers. With the battle of Daqing as the background and the work of 1205 team and the second drilling team as the main line, his speech focused on the struggle of the working class in Daqing under harsh natural conditions and various difficulties, and finally achieved great victory in the battle. When he recited his short poem in the Great Hall: "When the oil workers roared, the ground shook three times. Oil workers are motivated and not afraid of difficulties! " The applause of the whole hall was thunderous and prolonged. ...
Another classic scene: jump into the mud pond and wave your arms.
These are some classic words: "this difficulty, that difficulty, the country's lack of oil is the biggest difficulty!" " ""I'd rather live less than 20 years than try my best to win the big oil field! " "No, there is no Marxism-Leninism!" "Conditional to, no conditions to create conditions! "
All these classics made Wang Jinxi a hero in the eyes of thousands of ordinary people from all over the country to Qian Qian at that time, and the heroic posture of holding the brake handle is still "cool".
All these "classics" gradually condensed and sublimated into an "iron man spirit".
Patriotism, dedication, truth-seeking and dedication are all components of this "spiritual energy", which first dissolves into the red blood of Daqing people, then into the black "industrial blood" of oil, and then continuously enters the strong body of the Republic-the meaning of national spirit, rooted in people's hearts and seen in action. The significance of Daqing spirit is especially so.
Some people say that Daqing is only a decisive weight on the balance of the Republic's construction. It is clear at a glance to intercept three periods in the history of Daqing development and construction.
-during the ten-year turmoil, the unified "revolutionary thinking" of the anniversary people is: this chaos, that chaos, only the anniversary can not be chaotic. The corresponding "revolutionary action" is: always insist on not stopping production for one day, and the output will increase year by year. Almost in the year when the unrest ended, the annual output of crude oil jumped to 50 million tons.
-The 20 years of reform and opening up are also 20 years of stable and high production in Daqing Oilfield. The stable and high yield of Daqing Oilfield for 27 consecutive years has been above 50 million tons, which is undoubtedly a new record in the history of oilfield development in the world. The strong impetus of Daqing-China petroleum industry to synthesize "half of the country" and "China spiritual energy" has pushed the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics market economy to a new historical stage.
-In 2003, Daqing Oilfield put forward the strategic goal of "creating a century-old oilfield". The first strategic action around this strategic goal is to adjust the crude oil output strategically, and the annual output will drop below 50 million tons for the first time.
It is estimated that if the annual output of Daqing Oilfield is maintained at the late stage of high water cut, not only the ground facilities can not adapt, but also a large amount of new investment is needed, and the operating cost of crude oil will also increase greatly, resulting in a decline in benefits. The more important and severe situation is that it is impossible to keep up with the great development of the country and ensure consistency with the great goals of the country.
For Daqing, Scientific Outlook on Development is first reflected in the overall scientific situation.
Keeping pace with the great development of the country and keeping in line with the great goals of the country is the new connotation of "Iron Man Spirit" endowed by the anniversary of the new century.
What is reduced is the present, and what is increased is the long term; It is an important task for Daqing people to reduce high-cost output and increase low-cost benefit. How to solve this major problem? Daqing people have already planned to fight a big battle of "technology for resources".
Accurately speaking, Daqing people's action of exchanging technology for resources goes hand in hand with theory, and a huge team of more than 20,000 technicians goes hand in hand, quickly creating a new scientific and technological innovation system, thus rapidly forming the core competitiveness of enterprises that cannot be bought, taken, dismantled, stolen or slipped away.
This gives us an inspiration: enterprises are not only satisfied with being bigger and stronger, but also consider "doing long-term and long-term".
Today, when you search online, when you enter keywords such as Middle East, Iraq, Caspian Sea, Malacca, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, CNOOC's acquisition of Unocal, PetroChina's acquisition of Slavic, Tylenol and so on, everything that appears in front of you may be a new coordinate of the grim situation of international energy security. At this time, I don't know if you will feel that having Daqing is the real happiness of China people.
(Originally published in China Business News with abridged title)
Daqing: drilling depth
In fact, the real legend of Daqing is only stored in the monotony and simplicity that we outsiders can't understand. But the monotony and simplicity of all this reflects the scientific view that Daqing people love, understand and respect oil.
I agree with this statement: in the century-long history of science in China, there are two major events that make the Chinese nation proud. One is the successful development of "two bombs and one satellite", and the other is the discovery of Daqing Oilfield.
According to reports, in the modern history of Japan, it is often seen that "what would it be like if Daqing Oilfield was discovered at the beginning?" They have been "sorry" for not finding Daqing Oilfield before the war. The former professor of tokyo institute of technology, Ito Morikawa, recalled "Oil Development in Manchuria" and said that Daqing Oilfield could not be found. "Because the depth of Japanese drilling before the war was only about 700-800 meters, it was difficult for drilling technology to reach enough depth." In fact, the first oil well discovered in Daqing Oilfield, songji 3, drilled into the oil layer between 1357- 1382 meters, which confirmed this statement to some extent.
In this regard, the most enlightening and authoritative statement is Huang, a master geologist in China. Together with Li Siguang, he put forward the theory of "continental strata generating oil" and was also the main discoverer of Daqing Oilfield. He once said: the Japanese have been looking for oil fields in the northeast for 30 years because they don't know that continental strata can generate oil. In this regard, Japanese geological historians also believe that, fundamentally speaking, it is not a failure of drilling equipment, but a "problem of prospecting thinking."
Science discovered Daqing; Science has also made Daqing develop rapidly.
As early as 1964, Daqing took the lead in putting forward the slogan of marching into science. This slogan was so inspiring to builders from all walks of life at that time.
According to reports, when a well is drilled to the end, between 800 1200m, there are usually more than 100 oil-bearing sandstone layers, the thickest of which can reach 20m, and the thinnest of which is only 0.2m The object of Daqing people's work is in the rock stratum below this kilometer-they vividly call it the "underground palace". There, the whole oil exploitation system is an invisible "black box", and the exploitation work is like a "hidden project".
How to ensure that the oil well can accurately drive to the oil layer with exploitation value? How to determine oil layers with different properties so as to adopt corresponding matching technologies? In the process of exploitation, how to grasp the change of oil layer at any time to improve and perfect the technology and maintain stable production? All this can only be answered by reliable data and a series of trial and error. This constitutes the objective basis of Daqing's scientific spirit of seeking truth.
More importantly, Daqing people consciously and actively understand the oil layer through practice and actively transform the oil layer through practice. In the process of exploring underground mysteries, they gradually mastered the objective laws of oil field exploitation and embarked on a development path with the characteristics of China petroleum industry.
The power of science lies in seeking truth. The power of science also lies in innovation. The process of innovation is the process of ideological emancipation.
Looking back on the history of achieving high and stable production in Daqing Oilfield in the past 30 years, three "scientific battles" marked that Daqing people experienced three great ideological emancipation.
-After Daqing Oilfield entered the high water cut stage in the later stage of development, the comprehensive water cut of the oilfield has reached 90%, the storage-production structure is seriously unbalanced, the contradiction between rising costs and declining benefits is prominent, and oilfield development is unprecedented. There is an image metaphor for the difficulty of starting a second venture in an oil field: "The comprehensive water content of an oil field reaches 90%, just like a person is flooded to the neck, 95% water content is equivalent to flooding to the mouth, and 98% water content is doomed!"
Historically, the peak output of general oil fields can only last for three to five years, and then the output will decline. But why does the output of Daqing Oilfield remain at the level of 50 million tons for a long time? A long-term stable water injection technology with high water cut won the special prize of national scientific and technological progress, which increased the geological reserves of the annual oilfield from 2.6 billion tons to 4.8 billion tons, which is equivalent to the discovery of another annual oilfield.
Oil is a non-renewable resource, so it is very important to further improve the recovery ratio of developed oil fields. The research and practice in this field began in the 1970s in Daqing Oilfield. At present, polymer flooding technology has been successfully applied in Daqing and other oil fields, and Daqing scientists and technicians have taken the lead in creating a method to greatly improve oil recovery-foam composite flooding technology. The geological reserves of Daqing Oilfield using this technology alone will reach nearly 2 billion tons. Experts believe that this is one of the few original innovative technologies in China's oil exploitation field, which is not only the highlight of technological innovation in China's oil industry today, but also the revolutionary technological progress in world oil exploitation.
The third battle is to solve the problem of "off-balance-sheet reservoirs". Let Wang Qimin, the chief scientist in charge of this project and the "Iron Man of the New Era", talk about it more vividly:
The sediments in this river and lake delta of Daqing Oilfield are like a big tree, with branches and leaves connected. If the main reservoir is a rod and the thin reservoir is a branch, the "off-balance-sheet reservoir" is a leaf. They are continuous in space and belong to the same oil storage system. Wang Qimin believes that Daqing Oilfield has large trees, deep roots and lush foliage, and there are "off-balance-sheet reservoirs" in every well and layer. Individually, "off-balance-sheet reservoirs" are very thin, but Daqing Oilfield covers an area of several thousand square kilometers, and all these reservoirs add up to "fat".
Although there is no precedent for exploiting such an oil layer at home and abroad, Daqing people still start from "two theories" this time: practice-understanding-practice-re-understanding, just like in the early days of the battle. After several winters and summers, the worldwide problem of "off-balance-sheet reservoir" exploitation has finally been solved.
What is the value of this achievement? It is equivalent to adding a large oil field with a geological reserve of 740 million tons to Daqing, which is as high as more than 200 billion yuan in terms of 200 million tons of recoverable reserves, and the country needs to invest more than 654.38 billion yuan in optical exploration fees to find out the oil resources with the same reserves. It not only made a breakthrough in technology, but also created great benefits in economy. More importantly, it also creatively developed the theory of petroleum geology.
In fact, the real legend of Daqing is only stored in the monotony and simplicity that we outsiders can't understand. But the monotony and simplicity of all this reflects the scientific view that Daqing people love, understand and respect oil.