1, Weng Fanggang (1733~ 18 18), born in Shuntian Daxing (now Daxing District, Beijing). Calligrapher, writer and epitaph in Qing Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Qianlong, he was a scholar and was awarded editing. He studied politics in Guangdong, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces, with a bachelor's degree, and served as a cabinet official. Jiaqing twenty-three years, died. He is proficient in epigraphy, music, calligraphy and painting, and has a study of ci chapters. Calligraphy is as famous as that of Liu Yong and Liang at the same time. In the aspect of "muscle theory" in poetry creation, he has written A Brief Introduction to the Golden Stone in East Guangdong, A Textual Research on Su Mi Zhailan Pavilion, Fu Chu Zhai Poems and Fu Ji, Xiao Shi Fan Ting Ji and so on.
2. Liu Yong (17 19- 1804), whose real name was Confucianism, was Shi An, a politician and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, the eldest son of Liu Tongxun, a university student. My ancestral home is Dangshan, Anhui, and I was born in Zhucheng, Shandong. Qianlong sixteen years (175 1) Jinshi. Successively served as imperial academy Jishi Shu, Taiyuan Magistrate, jiangning house Magistrate, Bachelor of Cabinet, and Bachelor of Tijen Hall. He is famous for obeying the law, being honest and upright. Liu Yong is a famous calligrapher in Qing Dynasty with profound calligraphy attainments. He is called "Prime Minister of Thick Ink" by the world. In the 9th year of Jiaqing, he died in December (1805, 1), at the age of eighty-five. He was posthumously awarded to Prince Taibao and posthumous title Wenqing.
3. Liang (1723 ~ 18 15) was a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty. The word English, known as Shan Zhou, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in his later years. The son of college student Liang. Liang was a juren in the 12th year of Qianlong (1747), and was awarded the special status of scholar in the 17th year. He is the author of the collection of the legacy of Boluo Temple. The origin of liangjiaxue. He was exposed to calligraphy since he was a child, and he could write Chinese characters at the age of 12. Beginners in Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, and later to middle age, studied under Mi Fei. After the age of 70, the two merged and became natural. He has studied books for more than 60 years and has a long reputation. His book is engraved with many inscriptions. Liang is good at regular script and running script, and he can also write small script in his later years. His plays are compact and elegant, especially exquisite.
4. Wang Wenzhi (1730- 1802) was an official, poet and calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty. The word Yuqing,No. Dream Building, is from Dantu, Jiangsu. Calligraphy wins with charm. There are "Dream House Poetry" and "Inscription and Postscript of the Rain Hall". He went to Ryukyu with Hanlin to participate in Quan Kui. Twenty-five years after Qianlong, he was a scholar, taught editors, participated in reading, and went to the magistrate in Lin 'an, Yunnan. After coming back, I have no intention of entering the official career.
Extended data:
The mainstream of calligraphy in the early Qing Dynasty was Iron School. Kangxi is good at Dong, Zhao and Dong Zhao's calligraphy style is popular all over the world. In the early Ming Dynasty, the "Taige Style" evolved into a "pavilion style" characterized by black and round light, and the representative calligraphers were Zhang Zhao, Weng Fanggang, Liu Yong, Liang,. The last four people were called "the Four Houses of Qing Dynasty", Liu was called "Prime Minister of Thick Ink" and Wang was called "Exploring Flowers with Light Ink". At the same time, a group of folk painters explored calligraphy, and merged various calligraphy schools with Chinese painting, which produced special artistic effects.
In fact, only Liu Yong was more successful among the "Four Schools of Qing Dynasty", and other schools only stepped out of the barriers of Dong and Zhao in the official books at that time, so people paid attention to it at that time. From the artistic point of view, there are not many places that surpass or surpass their predecessors, and they all have their own defects. Therefore, Mr. Wang said, "Qing Shu pushes four masters, each with its own one, that is, Gaicheng (Prince) Board, Liu Wei, Tie (. What is awkward is posturing, and what is arrogant is guilty; " Hesitant people want to retreat further. "
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Families in Qing Dynasty