Zhao tuo

Zhao Tuo was a famous general in Qin Dynasty and the founder of Nanyue State. He was the first king of South Vietnam, who reigned from 203 BC [1] to 137, and was known as the "Emperor of South Vietnam" in history. A native of Calm County (now Zhengding County, Hebei Province, China), Hengshan County, Qin Dynasty.

Name: Zhao Tuo.

Temple number:-

Posthumous title: King Wu.

Mausoleum:-

Regime: South Vietnam

Alive: -before 137 years

In office: 203 years ago-137 years ago.

all one's life

Pingding Lingnan

After Qin Shihuang unified the seven countries, he began to pacify the land of Baiyue in Lingnan area. 2 19 years ago, Qin Shihuang sent Tusui as the general and Zhao Tuo as the deputy general, leading 500,000 troops to pacify Lingnan. Tu Youyou was killed by local people for killing innocent people. Qin Shihuang re-appointed Ren Tao as the general and led an army with Zhao Tuo. After four years' efforts, the great cause of pacifying Lingnan was completed in 2 14.

Qin Shihuang then set up Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County in Lingnan, and Ren Tao was appointed as Nanhai County Governor. Nanhai county consists of Boluo, Longchuan, Panyu and Jieyang. Longchuan's geographical position and military value are extremely important, so Zhao Tuo was appointed as Longchuan county magistrate. After Zhao Tuo came to power in Longchuan (now Tuo Town, Longchuan County), he adopted the ethnic policy of "Harmony and Hundred Leaps" and wrote to Qin Shihuang, requesting that 500,000 residents of the Central Plains be moved to South Vietnam to strengthen the ethnic integration between China and Vietnam.

South Vietnam is the king.

After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne. Because of his tyranny, Chen Sheng was aroused by Guangwu Uprising in the first 209 years, followed by the "Chu-Han dispute" between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and the Central Plains fell into chaos. In the first 208 years, Ren Xiao, the head of Nanhai County, was seriously ill. Before he died, he called Zhao Tuo, then the magistrate of Longchuan County, and explained to him that relying on the favorable terrain of Nanhai County, we could rely on the founding of the country to resist the invasion of the Central Plains uprising troops. And immediately issued a letter of appointment to Zhao Tuo, allowing Zhao Tuo to act as the commander of Nanhai County.

Soon, Ren Tao died of illness, and Zhao Tuo conveyed the instructions of risk defense to the troops in Nanling Pass, so as to prevent the invasion of the Central Plains uprising troops, and took the opportunity to kill the officials placed in Nanhai County by the Qin Dynasty and put on cronies. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, in the first 203 years [2], Zhao Tuo rose up, annexed Guilin County and Xiangxiang County, and established Nanyue State in Lingnan area, claiming to be the "King of Nanyue". The territory of Nanyue starts from Nanling in the north (now northern Guangdong, northwestern Guangxi and southwestern Jiangxi), reaches Yelang in the west (now most of Guangxi and Yunnan), reaches the sea in the south (now north-central Vietnam) and reaches Fujian and Vietnam in the east (now southern Fujian). The capital is Panyu, which is now Guangzhou.

Chen Dynasty and Han Dynasty

After years of fighting, Liu Bang established the Western Han regime and pacified the remaining military forces in the Central Plains, including Xiang Yu. At this time, the central plains has been chaotic for many years, and the people's lives are difficult. Therefore, Liu Bang decided not to use military means to deal with South Vietnam. 196 years ago, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang sent doctor Liu Jia to South Vietnam to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to Han. Under the persuasion of Lu Jia, Zhao Tuo accepted the seal of Nanyue King given by Emperor Gaozu, surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and turned Nanyue into a vassal state of the Han Dynasty. Since then, Nanyue State and the Han Dynasty have sent messengers to each other and exchanged ideas with each other. Liu Bang succeeded in making Zhao Tuo yield through peaceful means and did not become a hostile force in Hannan.

South Vietnam declared itself emperor.

After the death of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, {Lv Hou} came to North Korea and began to make bad friends with Zhao Tuo. She issued a ban on the sale of iron and other goods to South Vietnam in the border area with South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo thought that-{Lv Hou}-might annex him through Changsha (another vassal state of the Han Dynasty, located in the north of South Vietnam, now Hunan), so Zhao Tuo announced his secession from the Han Dynasty, calling himself the "Emperor of South Vietnam", sent troops to attack Changsha, and retreated after defeating several border counties in Changsha.

-{Lv Hou}-General Long and Zhou Zao were immediately sent to attack Zhao Tuo, but because the soldiers in the Central Plains did not adapt to the hot and humid climate in South Vietnam, they fell ill one after another and did not even cross Nanling. A year later, {Lv Hou} died and the Han army stopped attacking.

At this time, Zhao Tuo relied on his army to spread prestige in South Vietnam, and made Fujian, Ou and Luoyue all belong to South Vietnam through bribery, and the territorial expansion reached its peak. Zhao Tuo also began to give orders as an emperor and opposed the Han Dynasty.

Zhao Tuo returned to Han.

After the death of 179-{ Lv Hou}-,Liu Heng, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, acceded to the throne. He sent people to rebuild the graves of Zhao Tuo's ancestors, set up grave keepers, offered sacrifices on time every year, and gave Zhao Tuo's cousins official positions and property. Then, under the recommendation of Prime Minister Chen Ping, Emperor Wen of Han appointed Lu Jia, who had been to South Vietnam for many times, as a doctor in Taizhong, and asked him to go to South Vietnam again to persuade Zhao Tuo to return to Han.

When Lu Jia arrived in South Vietnam, he told Zhao Tuo about his interests. Zhao Tuo was persuaded again and decided to get rid of the emperor's name and return to the Han Dynasty, still called "King of South Vietnam". Until Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Every spring and autumn, he sent people to Chang 'an to see the Han Dynasty emperor, and he accepted the orders of the Han Dynasty emperor like a vassal. But in South Vietnam, Zhao Tuo continued to use the emperor's name.

Zhao Tuo, king of Nanyue, died in the fourth year of Jianyuan (BC 137) at the age of 100, and was buried in Panyu (present-day Guangzhou). After Zhao Tuo's death, his descendants inherited four generations of Nanyue kings. Until11years ago, South Vietnam was destroyed by the Han Dynasty.

Historical influence

From 2 19, Zhao Tuo served as the deputy commander-in-chief of Qin Shihuang's 500,000-strong army to pacify South Vietnam until the death of Emperor Liu Che in the fourth year of Jianyuan (BC 137), and managed Lingnan for 8 1 year. In the meantime, because he has been carrying out the policy of "harmony, integration and gathering hundreds of Vietnamese", he has promoted the integration of Han and Vietnamese nationalities, brought the advanced culture of the Central Plains to the land of South Vietnam, and made South Vietnam develop better.

Hometown of Zhao Tuo

Zhengding County, Hebei Province: During the Qin Dynasty, it was the calming county of Hengshan County (located in Donggucheng Village, a suburb of Shijiazhuang) and the birthplace of Zhao Tuo.

Longchuan County, Guangdong Province: Longchuan County, Nanhai County, Qin Dynasty. After Zhao Tuo pacified South Vietnam, Longchuan County ordered it for six years.

Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province: Panyu County, Nanhai County, was the seat of Nanhai County in the Qin Dynasty, and Zhao Tuo was the county magistrate of Nanhai County for four years. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State with Panyu as its capital. Panyu is also the location of his tomb.

Zhao Tuo ancestral grave: Wendi sent someone to build it in ZhaoLingpu Village village, a suburb of Shijiazhuang, and rebuilt it as Zhao Tuo Park in 2006.

comment

There is no direct historical record of the time when Zhao Tuo established Nanyue State, and modern research documents are all calculated according to the relevant records in Historical Records. So at present, there are two opinions about the establishment of Nanyue State, one is the first 203 years (see the website of Nanyue King's Tomb Museum in the Western Han Dynasty) and the other is the first 204 years (see History of Nanyue State edited by Zhang Huangmiao, Guangdong People's Publishing House 1995).