Cold pressed watercolour paper can be used to draw paper. The surface particles of watercolor paper are thick and thin. Which one to choose depends on the artist's personal habits, screen content and screen scale. For beginners, the appropriate frame proportion should generally not be less than 20cm*30cm or more than 40cm*50cm, and the length-width ratio depends on interest and subject matter. Before painting, it is best to brush both sides of the drawing paper with clear water, and then stick the drawing paper on the drawing board along the four sides of the paper with water-soluble adhesive tape. After drying, the paper will be smooth, and the paper will not deform too much during painting.
Paper is usually made of cotton, flax, cotton cloth or wood pulp. Wood pulp is cheap to make paper, and it is easy to deteriorate, yellow and break after being left for a long time, so it is generally used for sketching practice. A good watercolor paper should be made of cotton, hemp or rags, and its composition will be marked on the paper itself or in the sample catalogue. The pH value is neutral. And there is a brand watermark, which is a guarantee of excellent quality.
There are two kinds of paper: manual paper making and machine paper making. Hand-made paper is more expensive, because its manufacturing technology is difficult, its quality is good and its handling is meticulous. Compared with machine paper, it is die-cast, mass-produced with filters and machines, and the price is cheaper than manual paper. There are generally three kinds of paper treatments with different roughness, such as rough, cold pressing or hot pressing. Fine hot pressing, smooth surface, not easy to absorb pigment. It can be used to draw finely described works or small-sized paintings. Cold pressing is an intermediate purpose, which can give full play to the characteristics of watercolor and is also the paper used by most watercolor painters. Paper with rough surface treatment has high water cooperation and slow drying, which is suitable for painting themes that need long-term treatment. After laying flat and drying, it can produce obvious precipitation effect, which is more suitable for painting rough themes, such as stones, brick walls and rusty iron.
The specifications of watercolor paper are mostly based on 22X30 inches, which is called folio (2K) in Chinese and is about 56x76 cm in size. Fold the folio into 4 quarts (4K) and then into 8 quarts (8K). Paper that is usually available in the market. The minimum opening is 16, and the maximum opening is 2 times (30x44 inches), which is called full opening. In fact, the paper specifications of different brands are slightly different, and the specifications of Japanese paper are obviously different from those of European factories.
The thickness of paper is measured by weight, and there are two calculation methods: Libra (abbreviated as lb) and g/m2. The higher the number of pounds, the higher the number of pounds. The thicker the paper. The higher the price. Paper expands when it meets water. If the paper is too thin. After painting watercolors. There will be serious bumps. And this uneven paper will mix color and water everywhere, destroying the picture. So choose a thicker paper.
In addition to sheet-fed retail. There is also a watercolor book and a whole roll of watercolor paper. There are many high-grade watercolor papers that are only sold as a whole. For example, Rembrandt expert watercolor paper and Japanese Mo hand-made advanced watercolor paper. Watercolor paper does not have the same specifications as ordinary watercolor paper (the painter can choose the most suitable size according to the needs of the theme), because there is a thick cardboard at the bottom and a cover on the surface, which is also suitable for sketching outside.
Pigment and toner box
Pigments can usually be packed in pipes. Here are some common colors:
Red category: scarlet, scarlet, vermilion;
Yellow: khaki, medium yellow, lemon yellow;
Blue category: general blue, ultramarine blue and lake blue;
Green category: green, light green;
Brown: Van Dyke brown, ripe brown and ripe ochre;
In addition, you can also prepare a Payne ash.
There are many kinds of watercolor pigments, but it is impossible to use all colors in general painting. In fact, there are only seven or eight kinds of pigments that are often used, and generally everyone will have their own painting habits. For the convenience of color matching, they are generally arranged according to the cold and warm categories of colors. Commonly used colors are: crimson, bright red, vermilion, orange, khaki, medium yellow, lemon yellow, light green, emerald green, lake blue, ultramarine blue, blue, Payne gray, Van Dyck brown, ripe brown and ripe ochre.
In addition to ordinary color mixing boxes, other white plastic plates or porcelain plates can be used for color mixing.
other
In addition to the above, we should also prepare some auxiliary tools, such as a water tank for brushing pens, small bottles with nozzles or paper towels. In addition, sponge is also a common tool for cleaning and retouching pictures.
Painting skill
1, dry painting and wet painting
Dry painting is a multi-layer painting method. Using the method of layer coating to color the dry background color does not require infiltration effect, and it can be easily colored repeatedly, which is easier to master and suitable for beginners to practice. Positive expression, clear physical structure and rich color levels are the specialties of dry painting. The dry painting method can not only write articles on the word "dry", but also make people feel wet with water, avoiding the problem of dryness and boredom. Dry coating method can be layered coating, color masking, color collection, dry pen and other specific methods.
Watercolor painting
① coating:
That is, dry stacking, dry coloring, and colors are stacked one by one to express the object. There are different levels of coloring in the picture, some places can be done at once, and some places need to be done twice, three times or even more, but it is not advisable to count too many times to avoid losing the transparency of color. It can not be ignored that the layers of paint overlap after work, so as to predict the mixing effect of revealing the background color in advance.
② Cover color:
In fact, it is also a dry stacking method, and the color area of the mask is larger. For example, several colors in the picture are not uniform enough, so we have to mask the colors once to make them uniform. If a piece of color is too warm, a layer of cool color will change its cold and warm properties. The color of the cover should be bright Bo Tu, and it should be re-paved. Generally don't write back, otherwise the color will be dirty with the background color. This method is often used in the process of coloring and the final adjustment of the picture.
(3) color:
Dry color matching means that adjacent colors are painted from their sides after drying, and there is no infiltration between color blocks. Each color itself can also be wet coated to increase variation. This method is characterized by clear outline and bright colors.
(4) dry pen:
Write less water and more colors, and it is easy to fly white when writing; Drawing quickly on rough paper full of water will also produce flying white. The method of dry pen is often used to show the effect of flash or softness.