Keywords:: employment of agricultural postgraduates in agricultural universities
With the rapid development of China's national economy, the country's demand for agricultural technical talents is increasing. Agricultural colleges and universities should seize the opportunity, make use of their own advantages and characteristics, cultivate the comprehensive quality of agricultural graduate students, and deliver high-quality agricultural technical talents to the society. However, in this situation, there are some problems in the employment of graduates. On the one hand, it is impossible for society to provide enough jobs suitable for graduates. On the other hand, for various reasons, graduate students cannot achieve full employment at this stage. How to change this situation is a problem worth discussing.
1.2065438-2000 Analysis on the Employment Situation of Agricultural Postgraduates in Our University
1, employment rate
20 10, there are 85 agricultural graduate students in Hunan Agricultural University, including 9 doctoral students and 76 master students. By 20 10/0,65438+2 and 15, the employment rate of doctoral graduates reached 100%, and the employment rate of master graduates reached 95.29%. The employment form is good as a whole, and there is no problem of difficult employment. From the perspective of various majors, the employment rate of crop information science and crop genetics and breeding is low.
2. Employment structure
Nine doctoral graduates, six of whom were commissioned or directed, all chose universities and research institutes. Of the 76 master's graduates, 33 went to enterprises to engage in technology research and development, management and related work, 5 pursued doctoral degrees, 2 went abroad to work, 17 chose institutions to work, and 15 went to universities or scientific research institutes for employment. Generally speaking, the employment of agricultural graduate students is relatively narrow, mainly concentrated in enterprises, institutions and research institutes related to their majors. No one is admitted to the national or local civil servants, and there is no individual entrepreneurship or flexible employment. To some extent, this reflects that the employment orientation of agricultural graduate students in our school is relatively simple and their employment horizons are not broad enough.
As far as the geographical distribution of 72 graduate students working in China is concerned, 42 of them chose to work in Hunan and 32 stayed in Changsha, the city where the school is located. 9 people choose to work in the capital cities of southwest China, including Kunming, Guizhou and Chengdu; Two people chose Xinjiang and Gansu; The rest choose to work in central and eastern cities. The employment flow of graduate students is reasonable, but it also reflects that graduates are mainly concentrated in the surrounding cities where the school is located in the process of job hunting, and the scope is relatively limited. Few people choose to work in western and central cities.
3. Employment channels
Nine doctoral graduates all chose universities to teach and research institutes to engage in scientific research. Two master graduates were recommended by their tutors to work abroad; Five graduates are pursuing doctoral degrees; Five people passed the tobacco system recruitment examination and entered the tobacco bureau; Four people went to the campus to recruit employment through employers; Four orientation and entrust graduates to work in their original units; 33 people went to the destination to participate in recruitment and job hunting; 19 people introduced employment through acquaintances, of which 1 1 people introduced employment through relatives and friends; Brothers and sisters introduced eight people to work in a tobacco company. The research time of agricultural postgraduates in our school is tight, and most of them are busy with graduation thesis in the field and laboratory, so it is difficult to concentrate on finding a job. The main way to find a job is to participate in recruitment and submit your resume. Sometimes you need to travel back and forth between several cities, participate in various types of exams and interviews, or recruit on the spot.
Second, the factors affecting the employment of agricultural graduate students in our school
Various outstanding problems in the employment of agricultural postgraduates in our university, such as low employment rate of some majors, single employment direction, insufficient employment channels, etc., are caused by many factors, as follows:
1, social prejudice restricts the employment of agricultural graduate students.
At present, social prejudice has a great influence on the employment of agricultural graduate students. Social prejudice is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, graduate students themselves are biased against agriculture. Some graduate students are basically transfer students, and few graduate students are determined to work in agriculture-related fields. Even graduate students who are willing to engage in agricultural work tend to research institutes, agricultural colleges or institutions with better wages and benefits related to agriculture, and are generally reluctant to go to the front line of agricultural production. Secondly, social prejudice from outside the agricultural system. As soon as many employers see the resumes of agricultural colleges or professional graduate students, they refuse them on the grounds that they do not meet the recruitment conditions. In addition, compared with other key universities, local agricultural colleges have no obvious advantages, and sometimes employers pay more attention to the weight of diplomas and the reputation of the school. In fact, many agricultural graduate students in agricultural colleges take "agriculture" as their main research direction, but through three years of systematic theoretical study and experimental operation, the theories and research methods they have learned have fully enabled them to adapt to different jobs.
2. School employment guidance lacks pertinence and effectiveness.
Agricultural colleges and universities pay less attention to graduate employment guidance than to undergraduates. Because the number of graduate students is smaller than that of undergraduate students, the funds are also less. Some colleges are not equipped with employment professionals to take charge of graduates' employment, but are concurrently served by graduates' secretaries. Postgraduate secretaries have to manage not only the teaching management but also the daily management of graduate students, which is complicated and often makes it impossible to centrally manage graduate employment. The effective employment information that graduate students can get from campus is relatively insufficient, or the quality of employers is not high, so it is difficult to meet the employment needs of graduates. Compared with other industries, the employment destination of agricultural graduate students is relatively single and the employment area is narrow. In addition to pursuing further studies or going abroad, I am mainly employed by attending job fairs in my destination. There are few special job fairs organized by the school, and the professional needs are generally biased towards popular majors, such as computer, food, accounting and gardening. There are few or no positions related to agronomy, which makes graduates have to go out to participate in recruitment. There are almost no graduates who have obtained civil servants, participated in the western plan and the three supports and one support, joined the army, got flexible employment and started their own businesses, which shows that the school does not attach great importance to this aspect.
3. Postgraduates' own factors
Graduate students should have a correct understanding of employment. The so-called employment problem is only a symptom, and the total number of scientific and technological talents has been in short supply. The reason why some graduate students can't find jobs for a long time is that employment is related to the individual performance differences of students. First of all, whether graduate students have expertise, whether the structure of knowledge and ability they have learned can meet the evaluation criteria of technical talents and whether they can meet the needs of various posts in society; Secondly, there are differences between graduate students' employment willingness and social needs. As China attaches great importance to the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, a large number of scientific and technological talents are needed in the grass-roots and central and western regions of China. After three years of professional study, agricultural graduate students have fully possessed the ability to engage in scientific research independently, but their knowledge outside the professional direction is extremely limited. Lack of organizational ability, expressive ability and cooperative spirit makes some graduate students incompetent for related work. When graduates are busy with experimental tasks and writing graduation thesis, it is often easy to delay the best employment opportunities. Some transfer students, students with financial difficulties at home or students with weak psychological endurance are at a loss and have a heavy psychological burden in the face of the current employment situation. Some graduate students have high expectations for their jobs, preferring to work in big cities with high salaries and relatively easy jobs, rather than going to places with relatively difficult conditions. Sometimes graduates often have several intentional units or job opportunities, but for these reasons, there is no job.
Third, the countermeasures for the employment of agricultural graduate students
1, the society strongly supports graduates' employment.
The state should actively encourage and support graduate students to work flexibly and start their own businesses at the grassroots level. For graduate students who are engaged in freelance and self-employment, governments at all levels should provide necessary human labor security agency services and tax incentives. Encourage graduate students to work in the grassroots and central and western regions, and give them a certain living allowance. After the expiration of the service period of hard grassroots work, preferential treatment should be given in other aspects. The society should strengthen the allocation of talent market and provide good employment services for graduate students. It is necessary to integrate employment information resources, form a unified national employment publishing channel, and make employment information unified and open. Employers should eliminate social prejudice, treat graduate students majoring in agriculture correctly, provide them with suitable posts according to their own needs, and don't refuse to "farm" for thousands of miles.
2. Coping strategies of schools.
First, agricultural colleges and universities should carry out active and effective ideological and political education and guide graduate students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. Understand and analyze the ideological trends of graduate students in time, guide students to carry out various academic and social activities, and make graduate students go to society with a full and positive attitude.
Second, agricultural colleges should attach great importance to the employment of graduate students. Set up a special person to manage employment, actively publish timely and accurate employment information of graduates, and hold more special job fairs for graduate students. Organize targeted employment guidance lectures, invite government departments, employment service units, employers and successful people to introduce employment policies, how to plan their careers, how to participate in job interviews, etc., and strengthen the training and guidance for graduate students. Strive to improve the comprehensive quality and employment competitiveness of graduate students from all aspects and promote their full employment.
Thirdly, graduate career planning education runs through the whole process of graduate training, helping graduate students to know themselves and society. At the same time, create an atmosphere that supports and encourages graduate students to go to the west, find jobs at the grassroots level, start their own businesses and have flexible employment, and encourage and guide graduate students to actively find jobs; Invite outstanding alumni to show their experience in serving the grassroots, and provide entrepreneurial training and related entrepreneurial services for those who are willing to start a business.
3. Graduate students' own coping strategies.
Graduate students should have a clear understanding of their employment situation and an objective evaluation of themselves before they get employed. First of all, for this kind of graduate students who want to get rid of the poor economic conditions and look for high-paying jobs, they should adjust their mentality in time, eliminate the psychological gap, think rationally and calmly when choosing a job, and adjust their job-hunting expectations in time according to the actual situation in order to better seize the limited employment opportunities. Secondly, for every graduate student, we should establish correct professional values, do a good job in career design and seek long-term personal development. Correctly understand and handle the relationship between career ideal and career itself. Finally, graduate students should constantly improve their professional skills and comprehensive quality. Optimize the knowledge structure, cultivate theoretical accomplishment, exercise your social practical ability and adaptability to work through professional practice, and accumulate social experience, so as to prepare for going to work smoothly and putting written knowledge into practice in the future.
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