Looks like a domestic dog. Kiss tip, ears erect, bare and hairless. The tail hair is fluffy but not curly. No thumbs and flippers. The claws are thick and dull, and they can't bend. The forehead and head are gray and black, and the upper and lower lips are black. The body color is mostly grayish yellow, but the individual variation is great, such as grayish brown, grayish brown or light grayish yellow.
The long hair tips on the back and sides of the body are mostly black, and the hair color on the forehead, auricle and back center is dark. The abdomen and the inside of the limbs are grayish white. The tail is the same color as the body.
The skull is thick, with supraorbital processes and blunt retroorbital processes. The nose bone is wide at the front and narrow at the back. The auditory vesicle is slightly triangular.
Tooth type 3. 1.4.2. /3. 1.4.3.= 42. The upper incisors are arranged in an arc without small tips.
Second, distribution.
China: It is distributed in all provinces of China except Taiwan Province Province, Hainan Island and some other islands, but it is mainly distributed in areas with low population density in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Tibet. ?
Guangdong, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Anhui, Hebei, Gansu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Liaoning, Beijing,
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xizang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hubei Province, Heilongjiang Province, Yunnan Province and Qinghai Province. ?
World: It is widely distributed in the world, but the distribution area of wolves has been greatly reduced, especially in North America and Western Europe.
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, North Korea, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel.
Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Mongolia, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, South Korea,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Tam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Britain, the United States, Uzbekistan and Yemen.
Three. Living habits
Gray wolves were once found all over North America, but they can only be found in the cold grasslands and forests of Alaska, Minnesota, British Columbia and the Great Plains of North America. There used to be a large number of coyotes living in Mongolian grassland in China years ago, but now most of them have migrated to outer Mongolia because of the "wolf suppression action" many years ago.
Wolves mainly prey on medium and large mammals. Studies show that wolves play a key role in controlling the local ecological balance, and their natural enemies are mainly humans.
At the same time, wolves also have a very strict hierarchy. The number of wolves in a group is about 7, which is the so-called seven wolves, and some wolves reach more than 30. Usually, the family wolf is led by a dominant pair, while the brothers and sisters as a group are led by the strongest wolf. Wolves have territory, usually their range of activities. If the number of individuals in the group increases, the territory will shrink.
The range between wolves does not overlap, and they will announce the range to other groups by howling. When young wolves grow up, they will stay in the group to take care of their brothers and sisters, or they may inherit the dominant position in the group, while others will migrate (mostly male wolves).
Wolves are mainly family members, and the number of members ranges from 2 to 37. Because of its extremely strict hierarchy and territory, it is impossible for wolves to cooperate with other wolves, and there will be no wolves composed of several wolves in the novel.
Generally, wild wolves can live for 12- 16 years, and some artificially raised wolves can live for about 20 years. Running speed is extremely fast, about 55 kilometers at most. Wolves also have good endurance. They have the ability to run 20 kilometers at a speed of 60 kilometers per hour.
With a highly developed IQ, people can communicate through smell, crying and body movements. Wolf is a carnivore and a key link in the biological chain. However, although wolves mainly eat meat, sometimes wolves also eat some small berries to satisfy their appetite.
Fourth, growth and reproduction
Wolves begin to mate from February to April every year, and the gestation period of wolves is about 63 days. Wolves at low altitudes mate in February, while wolves at high altitudes mate in April. The little wolf opened his eyes for about a week, weaned after five weeks, and was taken to the wolf's gathering place after eight weeks.
Wolves live in groups, and the gender is hierarchical. The dominant male and female wolves can reproduce at will, while the individuals in the lower position cannot choose freely. But wolves usually like single partners. As long as their spouses are alive, most wolves in pairs will accompany them for life. If the wolf's spouse dies, it will soon rebuild a new spouse relationship.
The female wolf gave birth in an underground cave. Sixty-three days after pregnancy, the mother wolf gave birth to three to nine cubs and a dozen more. The little wolf, unable to defend himself, will stay in the cave for a while, and the male wolf will be responsible for hunting. The feeding period of the wolf is about five or six weeks, but it can also eat minced meat for one and a half months. Wolves as old as three or four months can go hunting with their parents.
After half a year, the little wolf learned to find his own food. The life span of a wolf is about twelve to fourteen years. The little wolf who grew up in the group has not only the care of his parents, but also the care of other members of the group.
Wolves and hyaena brunnea will bite the killed prey into pieces and eat it in their stomachs. When they return to the wolf, they will ruminate the food back. Male wolves don't chew food for their pups, but they bring food back from hunting. Sometimes, the mother wolf will build a "nursery" in the group and concentrate on raising young wolves. The mother wolf will take turns raising young wolves without complaint. From these aspects, we can see that the female wolf's concept of family and ethnic group is very strong.
Extended data
Wolf national second-class protected animals. There are 46 subspecies, medium in size, well proportioned, with slender limbs and toe walking, which is conducive to fast running. The head and palate are sharp, the face is long, the nose is prominent, the ears are sharp and upright, the sense of smell is sensitive and the hearing is developed. Canine teeth and cracked teeth are developed; The upper molar has obvious tooth tip, and the lower molar has small tooth tip and heel tip inside; The diameter of molar crown is larger than the height of lateral incisor; The tooth type is.
Hair is thick and long. Forefoot 4 ~ 5 toes, hind foot 4 toes; The claws are thick and blunt, and cannot or can only protrude slightly. The tail is hairy and developed. He is good at fast running, likes to live in groups and often hunts. Feeding on herbivores and rodents. Habitat in forests, deserts, mountains, grasslands in cold regions, coniferous forests and grasslands. Except Antarctica and most islands, it is distributed all over the world.
The appearance is similar to that of dogs and jackals, with slender feet, squints, a long and sharp upper jaw, a wide and curved mouth, upright ears, a slightly narrow chest and a tail hanging straight between two hind legs. The coat color varies with the place of origin. The coat color is brownish yellow or grayish yellow, slightly black, and the lower part is white. It has a wide range of habitats and strong adaptability. Wolves live in mountains, grasslands and even ice fields.
Be active at night, have a keen sense of smell and good hearing. Alert, suspicious, good at running, strong endurance, often using the way of chasing prey. Wolves are carnivores. They mainly feed on deer, antelopes and rabbits, but also eat insects and mice, which can resist hunger.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-wolf