The Sino-Indian border is divided into three sections, east, middle and west, with a total length of 2,000 kilometers. Although it is not formally defined, there are traditional custom lines formed by the history of both sides.
195 1 year, the Indian army crossed the traditional custom line and pushed northward, occupying 90,000 square kilometers of China territory south of the illegal McMahon line. Since then, Indian troops have occupied Kanzemani, north of McMahon Line in the eastern section, Zhuwa, Qulang, Shibuqi Pass, Bolin Sanduo, Shanzha and La Band-Aid in the middle section, and barris in the western section.
1959 After the People's Liberation Army won the counter-insurgency in Tibet, the Indian government publicly proposed to China that 90,000 square kilometers of China territory in the east and 32,000 square kilometers of China territory in the west be allocated to India. After the China government rejected its unreasonable demands, it pursued a "forward policy" and continued to occupy the territory of China. 1August 959 and 10/October, the Indian army created the Langjiu and Kongka Mountain Pass incidents in the eastern and western sections of the Sino-Indian border, which caused many casualties of Chinese border guards.
The Government of China has made unremitting efforts to solve the border issue peacefully. However, the Indian government thinks that the tolerance of China's army is weak and deceivable. From April of 196 1 year, especially from April of 1962, the Indian army wantonly occupied the territory of China. By September, 43 invasion strongholds had been established in China in the western sector alone. On September 20th, 1962, the Indian army was ordered to cross the McMahon line in the eastern section and launch an attack on the Chinese border guards in Kejelang area. 10 On June 30th, it attacked the Dong Chi Post in eastern China. India assembled heavy troops on the Sino-Indian border and deployed more than10.6 million troops in the eastern section; In the western section, Indian troops deployed 1 brigade, six infantry battalions, 1 machine gun battalion and several attached detachments, totaling more than 5,600 people. 101On October 20th, the Indian army launched a large-scale attack on China.
In the face of the Indian army's rampant aggression, the China government and the Central Military Commission decided to fight back in self-defense. The counterattack is divided into two stages. The first stage,1October 20th to 28th, 10.
10 year 10. On October 20th, in the eastern part, in view of the characteristics of Indian troops in Kejelang area, which were heavy before deployment, light after deployment and exposed flank, the Tibetan border guards adopted the tactics of two-wing operation, flank detour, division and encirclement, and annihilation, concentrated their main forces, and launched an attack on the left and right wings of the seventh brigade of Indian troops, and quickly captured Gungun, Kalong, Kennaih and Sha. With the cooperation of Shannan Military Division, one army attacked the Indian army with a rag and a stick, and another army attacked Zhang Hou's left side in a roundabout way. Changdu, Shannan, Linzhi three military sub-regions each fought back against the enemy face to face with one force; Cooperate with the main direction. The counterattack troops overcame natural obstacles such as mountains, canyons and dense forests, conquered the important strongholds of the Indian army in Kejelang area, quickly disintegrated the deployment of the Indian army, and the Indian army was in flight. Chinese border guards followed the orders of the Central Military Commission and attacked south of McMahon Line. On the 23rd, they occupied Tawang. In this campaign, the 7th Brigade of the Indian Army was completely annihilated, and part of China territory south of McMahon Line and north of Tawang River was recovered.
In the western section, Xinjiang border guards first attacked the Indian army strongholds that invaded the Galowan Valley and Hongshan, and the border guards stormed the invading Indian army strongholds in the border areas with oxygen deficiency and cold climate in mountainous areas, destroying the enemy. Later, the troops were transferred to Bangong Lake, barrigas and other areas. By 28th, 37 Indian strongholds that invaded China were cleared.
10/0 On October 24th, the China government issued a statement, putting forward three suggestions, namely, stopping the conflict, reopening the negotiations and peacefully solving the border issue, and ordering the counter-offensive forces on the Eastern Front to stop pursuing. The Indian government once again rejected this peace proposal, declared the whole country into a state of emergency, mobilized for war and adjusted its deployment. By the middle of 10, the number of troops in the border areas between China and India has increased to more than 30,000. 1 1, 14, 16, launched a comprehensive counterattack against the Chinese border guards. In accordance with the orders of the Central Military Commission, the Chinese border guards once again counterattacked the invading Indian army. The second phase of operation starts from 165438+1October16 and ends at 2 1.
In the direction of eastern Vanong, a certain unit of Tibet's border defense launched a counterattack against Indian Army 1 1 brigade on1,and entered Jingudi on 2 1, approaching the traditional custom line; In the direction of Xishankou-Band-Aid La in the eastern section, the Tibetan border guards launched a multi-channel attack on the Indian army on June 5438+08 in view of its linear configuration and the characteristics of emphasizing the front and neglecting the rear. 19, Band-Aid was captured, followed by a manhunt. On February1day, all Indian strongholds in Xishankou-Band-Aid La area were cleared. In the western section, Xinjiang border guards cleared the Indian invasion stronghold in Bangongluo area from 18 to 20.
The self-defense counterattack on the border between China and India lasted 1 month. In the eastern section, Chinese border guards entered the area near the traditional custom line south of McMahon line. In the western section, all Indian strongholds in China were cleared. In total, more than 8,700 Indian troops were killed and captured, and a large number of weapons, equipment and materials were seized.
165438+1October 2 1 day, the Indian government issued a statement announcing a ceasefire and the Chinese border guards withdrew from the Sino-Indian border. From 65438+February 1 to 65438+March 1, 0963, retreat to the area 20 kilometers north of the Chinese side of the actual control line between China and India. Subsequently, the China government returned a large number of seized equipment to the Indian government and released 3,900 captured officers and soldiers.
The Sino-Indian border self-defense counterattack is a large-scale anti-aggression action carried out by Chinese border guards in special plateau areas. The natural environment in the war zone is harsh, and it is inconvenient for troops to maneuver, command and coordinate; The transportation line is long and it is difficult to transport and replenish. The Central Military Commission used military, political and diplomatic means flexibly, which not only won the military victory, but also took the initiative in the political and diplomatic struggle. The counterattack troops overcame the difficulties of plateau, cold, high mountains and deep valleys, boldly used the tactical means of circuitous, divided and surrounded, carried forward the hard, brave and tenacious fighting style, overcame the harsh natural environment, successfully completed the combat mission and defended the country's territorial sovereignty.