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Pu Opera, commonly known as Luantan, also known as Zhou Pu Bangzi and Shanshan Bangzi, is now collectively referred to as Pu Opera, named after its origin in Xupu Prefecture (now yongji city). According to many unearthed drama cultural relics and relevant data records, Pu Opera originated in Song Dynasty, which started with folk songs rap in mountainous areas and Shaanxi, first evolved into a folk opera, and then accepted the artistic achievements of ancient operas on the basis of folk operas, and gradually developed into a big drama. By the mid-Ming Dynasty, it had evolved into "chaotic drama" and "bangzi tune", becoming an independent and complete drama.

Pu Opera is mainly popular in the triangle of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, as far away as Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other provinces. Since the Republic of China, Pu Opera Troupe has been established in Xi, Yan 'an and Yanchang in Shaanxi Province, Lingbao and Lushi in Henan Province and Dingxi in Gansu Province. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Zhou Pu set up the Boxer Rebellion to perform. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiaqing had "Yongle Class" and Xianfeng had "Sanyiwaban". At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 20 Puju clubs in the whole region. At the same time, a number of performing artists emerged, such as Yuan (stage name), Wang Lai (stage name Deng), Qi Yanzi (stage name Yanzihong), Yun (stage name Bai Caixin), Lu Changlin (stage name 800 Black), Sun Guangsheng, Feng Anwa, which promoted the development of Pu Opera art.

In the development of Pu Opera, there are two different artistic schools, West Road Opera and South Road Opera. Lu Nan Opera is mainly composed of 24 books in traditional Chinese, English and Chinese, with few lyrics and elegant words, and most of them win with clever plots and elegant styles. West Road Opera is rough and bold, emphasizing singing skills and its style is hot. By the end of the 1930s, especially after the appearance of five famous actors, Yan Fengchun, Wang Xiulan, Zhang Qingkui, Xiao Yuelai and Yang Hushan, the art of Pu Opera had been further developed and improved, and the characteristics of West Road Opera and South Road Opera gradually merged into one, which made Pu Opera have both a passionate and elegant side, forming a feeling of expressing passion and sadness, with heroic and unrestrained characteristics.

The roles of Pu Opera are Xu Sheng, Lao Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Zheng Dan (Tsing Yi), Xiao Dan, Lao Dan, Dajing, Erjing and Clown. Puju's stunts are famous all over the country. Tricks such as twisting the mouth, flapping wings, wings, micro-wings (throwing hair), whips, chairs, fans, stilts, etc. are widely used for reference by other operas, such as paper plays and colorful plays. It is also very exquisite and wonderful.

There are more than 500 kinds of traditional Pu Opera, including this opera and western Zhejiang opera. In 1950s and 1960s, the adapted plays included Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea, Zhao's Orphan and Dou E's Injustice (filming has been completed). In recent years, traditional plays have been adapted, such as The West Chamber, Guan Gong and Shao Chan, River of Yin and Yang, Seeing the Girl Off and Su San's Deduction. In addition to regional Pu Opera Troupe, professional performance groups include yongji city Pu Opera Troupe and Ruicheng Yellow River Pu Opera Troupe, including lo County (city) Pu Opera Troupe. In addition to the late (Xiao Dan), Yan Fengchun (Xu Sheng), Yang (Er Jing), Yang Hushan (Er Jing) and Xiao Yuelai (Xiao Sheng), the main actors now active on the stage are Zhang Bao (Xu Sheng), Wu Junying (Xiao Dan), Xue Bianjing (Xiao Dan and boudoir Dan, Beijing Opera Blues) and Wang Yihua (Xiao Sheng).

Characteristics of Pu Opera Music

Its song—

Full of very bold and unrestrained shouts, and the winding Yuan Ye roaring back to the waves.

Life is different from ugliness, solemn and stirring.

Its phonology—

According to the Pingshui rhyme of the Jin Dynasty, Pudong people listened to it.

Spoken language may have changed throughout the ages, and "true writing" and "gray micro" are slightly vague.

Its musical instrument—

Thirteen strings are the original number, and the Qin Yue (short-handled two strings) and four strings gradually decrease;

It is still necessary to "support the voice without suppressing the words" (lyrics), play the flute (alias "three strings"), and skillfully "agree" with Hu and Er Xian (a total of seven strings).

Secondly, in addition to suona, gongs, drums, cymbals, boards, trombones, clappers, and awakening children are all martial arts fields.

Its performance—

Bangzi is the main flute, and banhu is rubbed up and down. The syllables are quite jumping and the rhythm is free. Play "Qi Mei" elevated drum, live performance and singing. As long as you don't leave the "eighteen acres" (the main theme), vocal instrumental music is romantic.

The characteristics of Pu Opera are rough and high-pitched. In the old days, it was sung in "three-eye tone", which was equivalent to B tone. Sometimes there is also a "plum blossom tune", which is equivalent to the C key. Now switch to d or a key.

The band consists of two parts: the penny field and the martial arts field. A literary field composed of instruments such as wind, string, plucking and playing; Composed of percussion music, it is called the martial arts field. Wenchang's main musical instrument is Hu Hu (alto banhu), which is the main musical instrument of Pu Opera. Flute (alto wind instrument), erhu, sanxian, suona. Two strings have been cancelled, and recently a violin, dulcimer, pipa, cello and trumpet have been added. Percussion music includes drum board, fingerboard, horse gong, scratching, bangzi, hand gong, hinge, war drum, hall drum, cloud gong, bell, Dao gong, wooden fish and so on. Pu Opera music belongs to banqiang. The lead singer (board) is eight independent boards, such as adagio, duality, tightness, beat, running water, small running water, partition and white roll, as well as big guide board, guide board, small feed board and big feed board. In addition, there are miscellaneous cavities and flower cavities. There are sixty or seventy sets of gongs and drums, but there are more than one hundred kinds of changes. There are two kinds of qupai: suona qupai and Sixian qupai. There are more than 60 kinds of suona qupai 100 and Sixian qupai.