Characteristics of new energy and new materials: Some materials with superior performance have better performance than traditional materials.
Generally speaking, there are:
Superconducting material, solar cell material, hydrogen storage material, solid oxide cell material, intelligent material, magnetic material, nano material.
Several new energy sources and new materials in the future
Wave energy: namely ocean wave energy. This is an inexhaustible pollution-free renewable energy. It is speculated that the electric energy contained in ocean waves on the earth is as high as 9× 104TW. In recent years, the utilization of wave energy has occupied a place in the new energy development plans of various countries. Although the cost of wave power generation is high and needs to be further improved, the current progress has shown the potential commercial value of this new energy source. A wave power plant in Japan has been in operation for 8 years. Although the power generation cost of power plants is higher than other power generation methods, it can save investment costs such as power transmission in remote islands. At present, the United States, Britain, India and other countries have built dozens of wave power stations, which are running well.
Combustible ice: This is a solid compound of methane and water, which looks similar to ice, so it is called "combustible ice". Combustible ice is stable at low temperature and high pressure, and the combustible gas released by melting ice is equivalent to 100 times of the original solid compound volume. According to estimates, the reserves of combustible ice are more than the sum of coal, oil and natural gas on the earth.
Coalbed methane: Due to the increase of temperature and pressure in the process of coal formation, metamorphism occurs and combustible gas is released. From peat to lignite, 68m3 gas is produced per ton of coal; From peat to fat coal, each ton of coal produces 130m3 gas; From peat to anthracite, 400m3 of gas is produced per ton of coal. Scientists estimate that the coalbed methane on the earth can reach 2000 cubic meters.
Microbial fermentation: Many countries in the world are rich in sugarcane, beet and cassava. Alcohol can be made by microbial fermentation. Alcohol has the characteristics of complete combustion, high efficiency and no pollution. Ethanol gasoline can be obtained by diluting gasoline with it, and the raw materials for making alcohol are rich and the cost is low. It is reported that Brazil has modified hundreds of thousands of cars that use ethanol, gasoline or alcohol as fuel, thus reducing air pollution. In addition, microorganisms can produce hydrogen and open up new energy sources.
The fourth generation of nuclear energy: At present, scientists all over the world have developed a new type of nuclear energy without any pollution through the nuclear fusion of positive and negative matter. The atoms of positive and negative matter disappear at the moment they meet. At this time, high equivalent shock wave and optical radiation energy will be generated. This powerful light radiation energy can be converted into heat energy. If the nuclear reaction intensity of positive and negative substances can be controlled, it will be a great energy revolution in the history of human energy as a new energy source.