At the beginning of the founding of New China, in 1953, China ordered four Type 07 destroyers from the Soviet Union, namely "Anshan"1kloc-0/,"Fushun" 102, "Changchun" 103, which were known as "Four donkey kong".
At the end of 1950s, China began the overall scheme and pre-research work of guided missile destroyers. The overall design task is undertaken by 70 1 of the seventh hospital, and the scheme of high-power steam engine with normal displacement of more than 3000 tons is adopted, and the model is 05 1. The first ship was started at Dalian Shipyard on 1968, followed by Shanghai Zhonghua Shipyard and Guangzhou Shipyard, and nearly 20 ships were built. 05 1 guided missile destroyer became the largest surface warship of our navy in the 1970s and 1980s, and it is still in service today.
In 1990s, in order to cooperate with the national economic construction, the development of China's military industry was basically in a semi-stagnant stage, and the construction of main warships was also quite slow. Only destroyers 052 "Harbin" and "Qingdao" and three guided missile destroyers 05 1B were built.
Due to the limitation of domestic technical level at that time, the Type 052 guided missile destroyer was nicknamed "Eight-Nation Alliance", and its design and construction cycle was quite long, so it was called "grinding a ship in ten years".
The 05 1B guided missile destroyer was originally built by the troops stationed in Hong Kong, originally intended as the flagship of the troops stationed in Hong Kong. However, due to the limitation of technology and construction capacity, the progress is seriously lagging behind, and there are thousands of problems, large and small, before it is completed and put into use. This also shows that the technical level and construction ability are very weak.
At the beginning of this century, the navy ushered in the peak of shipbuilding. With the construction and delivery of six guided missile destroyers 052B, 052C, 05 1C, it shows that China has made a breakthrough in the technical level and ability of destroyer design and construction. With the subsequent exposure of destroyers 052C and 052D, another wave of shipbuilding began, which proved that the development capability of destroyers in China has reached a new level.
The Type 052D guided missile destroyer was developed on the basis of Type 052C, followed the mature platform of Type 052C, mainly upgraded the combat system, and adopted some new equipment, such as universal vertical launcher, 346A phased array radar, PJ38 single tube 130mm naval gun weapon system, Hongqi-10 missile weapon system, etc. Model 052D has also been greatly improved in electronic equipment and weapon systems such as combat command system and integrated communication system.
The appearance of the 052D guided missile destroyer shows that China is confident in the development of large and medium-sized destroyers and has the ability and conditions to develop large destroyers. According to the convention of "building a generation, researching a generation and pre-researching a generation" of China naval equipment. China's new generation of destroyers should have been under development.
There have been rumors on the Internet that China's new destroyer is the Type 055 destroyer. This 055 is not the first time. As early as1February, 968, according to the report "Suggestions on Building Ocean-going Escort Ships" given by the Party Committee of the Navy to Nie and * *, the Seventh Academy assigned the relevant academy the task of demonstrating the tactical technology and scheme of large artillery missile ships, and determined the design code as 055.
1in August, 970, the State Council and * * decided to hand over the 055 ship to Shanghai for development. In September, the trinity development team of 055 ship, which was participated by Hudong Shipyard, North Sea Fleet and 70 1 Research Institute, was established. Hundreds of supporting scientific research institutes and equipment manufacturers from all over the country participated in it, and finally officially started the development of the ship.
1976 In March, the State Council and * * Guofa 1976 19 officially assigned the development task of the 055 large guided missile destroyer to the National Defense Industry Office, the Sixth Ministry of Machinery Industry and other relevant units and allocated special funds for the project. However, the model of the 055 guided missile destroyer failed to continue for some reason. 198 1 year, the commission of science, technology and industry for national defense and the state machinery commission jointly decided to change the development of the 055 guided missile destroyer from the official model to the pre-research.
There are many reasons for the failure of the 055 guided missile destroyer project. The main factor is that the requirements of the development task book exceeded the domestic scientific research level and construction capacity at that time. The task book requires this type of guided missile destroyer to adopt a combined power unit that alternately uses diesel oil and fuel oil; It has long-range early warning capability and three-dimensional offensive and defensive combat capability in air, water and underwater.
At that time, the domestic research ability could not develop or meet the performance requirements stipulated in the task book, such as the combined power plant marine gas turbine and diesel engine that could meet the tactical and technical performance requirements of Type 055 ship; Some subsystems and equipment of combat systems, such as shipborne anti-submarine helicopter system, electronic warfare system, ship-to-air missile system, underwater acoustic countermeasure system, integrated communication system, air-to-air early warning radar, three-coordinate radar, rocket-assisted torpedo, etc., are also unable to develop. These have become the bottleneck and dead hole of the 055 project, which made the 055 ship unable to continue. To say the least, even if the equipment required by the task book can be developed, according to the technical level at that time, a series of problems such as electromagnetic compatibility and fire protection compatibility could not be solved on the platform of 055. This situation basically continued to the design and construction of the 052 guided missile destroyer. The 052 guided missile destroyer purchased equipment from seven countries, and the development cycle went through nearly 10 years. It can be seen that the development of destroyers in China was difficult at that time.
If the Type 055 destroyer can be reborn from nirvana, it will not only comfort the predecessors who devoted their efforts to this type in those years, but also reflect the rise of China's comprehensive national strength, and it is also one of the signs of the transformation of China's navy from a yellow water navy with offshore defense to a distant sea navy.
At that time, due to the lack of technical level and construction capacity, the development of the Type 055 destroyer was aborted. However, this model has not been abolished, but has been transformed into a pre-research model, which can be transformed into a formal model at any time when conditions permit. Therefore, it is entirely possible to continue to use Model 055. Moreover, the model number is also very valuable. 05 1 052,053,054,056 are all occupied, and there are not many numbers left. The China Navy will continue to develop, and the pre-developed models before it is put into use are also in line with Scientific Outlook on Development.
So what will this mysterious new destroyer look like? What is its mission and operational effectiveness? Here I make a bold estimate and guess.
The combat mission of Type 055 destroyer is different from the previous combat mission of China Navy destroyers in island chain or limited breakthrough island chain. Its positioning should be to serve the distant sea and even the global strategy outside the second island chain, and it is a sharp weapon to defend China's maritime interests. At the same time, it is also the main battle destroyer supporting the Chinese aircraft carrier battle group.
The displacement is closely related to the task of the ship. Type 055 destroyer has large displacement, high endurance, long self-sustaining power and global airworthiness. It is estimated that the normal displacement of this type of destroyer is about12,000 tons, and the ship type is a large guided missile destroyer with high deck, full combustion power, two shafts and double pitch propellers, which can carry two helicopters. The power system is expected to adopt an improved domestic QC280 gas turbine with a maximum speed of not less than 30 knots. The ship type will fully consider stealth design, noise reduction, infrared characteristics and electromagnetic characteristics design, and has good habitability and crew life support conditions.
The ship has a strong single-ship comprehensive combat capability, and has three layers of early warning and defense networks of soft and hard weapons and attack firepower networks. It has air defense, anti-submarine and anti-ship capabilities, and can also perform land attack and fire support tasks.
In the three-dimensional maritime integrated combat group, it undertakes the task of commanding ships, and can command multiple surface tactical combat formations, submarines and multiple air combat aircraft. It has the ability to receive and feed back space-based, space-based and land-based target information, and can synchronize with land-based and space-based command posts to make comprehensive situation and real-time decision. Command the combat operations of the air, surface and underwater combat units of this battle group, call the combat information of the ships and planes under their jurisdiction, and conduct unified direct fire control of weapons on any ships under their jurisdiction.
In the carrier battle group, Type 055 destroyer undertakes formation air defense, anti-ship, anti-submarine and land attack operations.
The 055 destroyer has advanced electronic weapons and equipment in its combat system configuration. According to the operational mission positioning of destroyer 055, the top-level design and layer-by-layer decomposition are adopted to optimize the rationality and integration of the architecture and the integration of command and control. Realize the complete sharing of standard information and general benchmark, and make the equipment miniaturization, generalization, integration and standardization. Under the condition of high integration of radar, electronic countermeasure and communication antenna, the layout of electronic equipment on deck will be very simple, and the open universal interface display and control cabinet will bring convenience to the subsequent upgrade work. In the operational flow, simplify the command level, reduce the battle position and reduce the work intensity of operators.
The PJ38 single tube 130mm naval gun equipped on the 052D destroyer will undoubtedly become the main gun of the 055 destroyer. This kind of naval gun has long range and high firing rate, can use different types of missiles, and has the ability to launch gun-launched missiles. The automation degree of naval gun control is also greatly improved compared with the previous large-caliber naval gun, which is suitable for installation on ships with a capacity of more than 5,000 tons.
In terms of short-range air defense weapons, Hongqi-10 ship-to-air missile weapon system and short-range anti-missile naval gun weapon system will become standard. The PJ 12 7-tube 30mm short-range anti-missile naval gun weapon system configured on the 052D will not be installed, but will be replaced by the 1 1 ultra-high-speed all-purpose anti-missile naval gun weapon system installed on the aircraft carrier Liaoning for the first time.
The 346A phased array radar, which first appeared on the 052D destroyer, will be used on the 055 destroyer, while the 5 17B air-to-air warning radar with huge yagi antenna will be replaced by a new type of warning radar with higher performance.
In terms of anti-submarine warfare capability, the new hull sonar, towed sonar and anti-submarine helicopter can extend the early warning range of submarines to hundreds of kilometers. As for anti-submarine weapons, the WHH004 launcher made in Russia with anti-submarine and anti-torpedo functions will also be used, and rocket-assisted vertical launching torpedoes will also be among them, forming anti-submarine attack capabilities at different distances.
As a large destroyer undertaking the air defense mission of aircraft carrier formation, ship-to-air missiles are very important. It is expected that the improved HHQ-9 ship-to-air missile and the new medium-range ship-to-air missile will be adopted. After optimization design, HHQ-9 ship-to-air missile reduces its own weight and volume, flies faster, can be launched with other weapons, and the target type, strike accuracy and strike range have been greatly improved. The use of universal vertical launching system enables different kinds of air defense missiles and other weapons to be launched together, reducing the space occupied by launching devices, increasing the number of silos and carrying more ammunition.
As for the anti-ship missile weapon system, it is expected that it will be equipped with a new anti-ship cruise missile weapon system, and its performance will completely exceed that of YJ-83 and YJ-62 anti-ship missiles. This model has supersonic penetration ability and strong anti-jamming ability, and has made breakthroughs in guidance mode and engine technology. It is easier to attack and defend in combat and can be launched with a general vertical launch system.
In terms of electronic equipment, a universal integrated antenna will be adopted, and a joint operational data information distribution and transmission system similar to the US military's "Link- 16" system will be adopted to provide anti-interference, high-speed, large-capacity and confidential digital, voice, data communication and positioning functions. The integrated data link, satellite communication and underwater communication system will enable the ship to have strong communication information capabilities.
The electronic warfare means of destroyer 055 is more advanced, which can detect and monitor the electromagnetic, optical and acoustic signals around the ship, judge the threat level of various signals, analyze and measure the emerging threat signals and give early warning. Through active jamming, passive jamming and other means, the enemy's shipboard and airborne radar and missile terminal guidance equipment are suppressed and interfered, thus weakening the enemy's combat capability and protecting the safety of ships and their formations.
In the design of electromagnetic compatibility, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility is well solved by fully optimizing the design of various shipborne weapons, sensitive areas and antennas. In terms of fire compatibility and fire distribution, it not only has good ship fire distribution and fire compatibility, but also designs fire compatibility and distribution of formations, which makes the fire distribution and use of ships and formations more reasonable and effective.
According to the consistent practice of China Navy, if the mysterious Type 055 destroyer starts construction, the platform will continue to develop subsequent derivative models after verification and improvement, which is also in line with the development idea of platform generalization, equipment modularization and support integration. And China's real dream of blue-water navy will also be realized with the appearance of Type 055 destroyers and aircraft carrier battle groups.