The first step is to determine the title of the paper.
Broadly speaking, you can write anything on any topic within your major, as long as you have new ideas, new discoveries, new perspectives, new research methods and new materials. However, the following five innovations greatly limit the topic selection of this paper.
This is because most authors are writing such a long academic paper for the first time, lacking experience and profound knowledge accumulation, which is difficult to grasp; At the same time, the condition of 20,000 to 30,000 words also has great constraints on the topic selection. If the topic is too big, it can't be carried out in this relatively narrow range. Therefore, whether the topic is appropriate or not has a great influence on the success or failure of the paper.
The second step is literature retrieval.
In fact, it is to review the relevant theories and research around the topic of the paper. This step is very difficult, so you need to be mentally prepared. This step is necessary. Without this step, the content of your paper is likely to repeat what others have done, which is equivalent to doing it in vain; The process of searching is also a process of enlightening ideas and arousing opinions. If you don't take this step, you will cut off the source of your new ideas, new perspectives and new materials. This is also to prepare for the next step.
The third step is to put forward the theoretical hypothesis of the topic or the specific problems to be studied.
Topic selection refers to the general direction and scope of the paper to be written.
The first category belongs to opinions: what is my specific opinion? You can imagine one or several ideas, but they are just a hypothesis. Through a lot of evidence and materials, through rigorous argumentation and appropriate argumentation framework structure, prove that your hypothesis is established and can form the main body of the paper.
The second category belongs to practice: I want to specifically demonstrate what questions you can ask, and there are many reasons. Whether the influence of various environmental conditions is related to the demonstrated questions and how relevant it is requires scientific investigation and analysis. In either case, this involves the central idea or the theme of the thesis, which must be clear and run through the whole thesis.
The fourth step is to determine the research methods.
The research methods of humanities and social sciences can be roughly divided into two categories, speculative research and empirical research, and the latter can be divided into qualitative research and quantitative research. In order to explore social facts or social phenomena, people adopt different research orientations, and different research orientations have different research methods, different research hypotheses, ways of collecting data and criteria for judging results.
However, in the current thesis writing, various research methods are becoming more and more compatible and internally related. Generally speaking, according to your own topics and specific issues discussed, you can take one research method as the main one, supplemented by other methods.
The fifth step is to design the framework of the thesis.
This step is also needed in general article writing, but it is more necessary and detailed for the paper. Generally speaking, a paper should have a preface, a first chapter, a main chapter and a conclusion. Before writing, there should be a general layout logic to make the structure reasonable. There is a logical connection between chapters to prevent blind writing, drowning the theme and being unintelligible. This step is rarely completed once, and often changes according to the situation of collecting materials and the new situation encountered in the investigation and interview.
However, just as an architect must have drawings before building a house, at the level of writing a paper, the general article framework can't just be stored in his mind. Generally, it is necessary to form a text, which is more detailed, and it is best to be specific to the festival (but the level of the festival should not be fixed at the beginning) to facilitate writing. When it's time to design the framework of the thesis, because it's a textual chapter design, it's also a good opportunity to ask other experts' opinions before formal writing, besides asking the tutor for guidance. The framework is not a very thick paper, and it takes little time to read, so you can generally see the value or problems of the article. At this time, it is much easier and easier to modify the structure of the paper than to modify it after writing, and the time is wider. Don't miss this opportunity.
The sixth step is to analyze and classify, enrich the content to all parts of the paper, and then explain and demonstrate.
This is actually the thesis writing itself, so this description is to let the author know the process of thesis writing. All kinds of materials and arguments can't prove arguments or explain specific problems by nature. It is necessary for the author to organize and demonstrate the materials, so as to make them full of vitality and naturally serve the topics he is talking about. This step needs to review the knowledge of logic or social investigation and statistics. With correct logical thinking and rigorous data organization, I closely revolved around the established theoretical assumptions or specific problems, mobilized all kinds of knowledge I learned, demonstrated opinions or problems, reached conclusions, and completed my thesis by using positive theory (this is the main thing), negative theory, hypothesis theory, refutation theory, metaphor theory and other methods.
There will inevitably be problems such as the use or lack of materials, logical reasoning, and the mismatch between arguments and topics. It is necessary to stop to find information and interview experts, enrich or delete the content of the original paper framework, and make local adjustments to the framework structure when necessary. This situation is normal and common. In terms of time arrangement, we should make plans for it. If the time is not properly arranged, sometimes the paper will fall short because the writing time is too tight.
Step 7: Re-evaluate the topic and revise the scope of argument if necessary.
This is another situation that happens at the same time as the sixth step, that is, through extensive consultation and my own thinking, I feel that the original topic is inappropriate or difficult to complete, and I need to adjust the whole paper writing plan in time and change the topic. This situation is normal, the key is not to hesitate for too long, so I must make a decision quickly, so that I can have time to start over. Because I have had more thoughts and literature retrieval on the academic research of this major, even if I change the topic,
Another situation that the topic selection is inappropriate and difficult to complete is not the topic itself, but the scope of the topic selection argument is too large. It is not difficult to solve this problem, but it narrows the scope of parameter objects. The biggest obstacle here is that the author is unwilling to give up what he has given up. Once a lot of materials are not used, it is difficult to give up his thesis. This situation will of course involve the redesign of the framework structure of the paper. However, it is easier to narrow the scope of larger parameter objects than the opposite.
Step 8: Standardized inspection and adjustment.
The quotation marks, notes and numbers, the arrangement of references at the end of the paper, and abstracts (including English abstracts) and keywords that do not belong to the paper itself should be checked and adjusted according to the requirements of standardization. Although these are technical problems, they also reflect the author's academic attitude.
Especially for quotations, whenever you use other people's opinions, you must indicate the source of the materials, and you must not be vague, let alone turn other people's research results into your own. Indicate the source of information clearly, including name, author or editor, name of publishing house or publication, publication or publication time, etc.