Liaoning factory-run collective retirement medical insurance

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It's not worth a hundred dollars.

A person in charge of Guanfu Mine: "I am the leader of the largest beggar gang in the area."

Last year and before the Spring Festival this year, the reporter from the Economic Information Daily visited the Wangs twice and saw the house standing alone on a dirt slope, with cold ventilation. "Without heating, my feet are as cold as a cat's bite, and I have to wear a thick cotton hat when I sleep at night." As she spoke, her 70-year-old mother, who lived alone with Wang, burst into tears.

In 1970s and 1980s, some state-owned enterprises set up many affiliated collective enterprises (referred to as factory-run collective enterprises) to resettle the educated youth and workers' children who returned to the city, mainly providing supporting products or services for their state-owned enterprises. With the reform of state-owned enterprises and the development of market economy, a large number of factories and large-scale collectives stopped production and a large number of workers were laid off due to problems such as ineffective mechanism, surplus personnel and weak market competitiveness.

According to the relevant laws and regulations, enterprises should terminate the labor relationship with laid-off workers, give them economic compensation, and fulfill their social insurance payment obligations and be included in the social security system.

In the process of transforming and revitalizing the old industrial base in Liaoning, a series of policies and measures have been implemented, with the focus on the reform of state-owned enterprises. About10.8 million laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises have achieved basic living security and included it in unemployment insurance, social security system and re-employment project. However, the problem of factory-run collectives involving hundreds of thousands of laid-off workers has not been fundamentally solved.

"Collective enterprises are unable to pay economic compensation to employees who have terminated labor relations, and they have also defaulted on pension and medical insurance premiums for many years. When employees reach retirement age, they can't get pensions, get sick and have no money to look at them, and their lives are in trouble for a long time. This day is really hard! " In an interview with the Economic Information Daily, the head of a collective enterprise in Fushun mining area said helplessly, "I should be regarded as the leader of the largest begging gang in the local area, and I should go to various places to ask for money and things to help the needy workers maintain their lives."

Thanks to the efforts of governments at all levels, the Yuan family has been included in the minimum living allowance, but the minimum living allowance of six or seven hundred yuan per month for the whole family still cannot fundamentally solve the problem: it costs more than 80 yuan to buy a gas tank every month, more than 300 yuan for my son to go to school and have lunch by bus, and the tuition fee of 2,200 yuan per semester can be reduced 1700 yuan. I have to bear this 500 yuan myself, and then deduct the cost of water, electricity and heating. The rest of the food expenses at home are already very tight. More importantly, there is no medical insurance for medical treatment and no pension for retirement.

According to the investigation by the reporter of Economic Information Daily, the large factory collectives in Liaoning are mainly concentrated in enterprises affiliated to Fukuang, enterprises affiliated to Angang and diversified companies of Fukuang, with a total population of about 200,000, which is the group with the most concentrated residence, the largest population and the most difficult life in the province. These enterprises are extremely difficult to operate, owing social insurance premiums, wages of laid-off workers and other domestic debts. Among them, the collective enterprises in Fu Mine are the most serious.

Due to the arrears of employees' old-age insurance premiums, many employees in collective enterprises cannot receive pensions when they reach retirement age, and their lives are becoming increasingly difficult. In order to get a pension, employees were forced to borrow from the east and borrow from the west. In addition to paying individual contributions, it is also necessary to pay the premiums that should have been borne by the enterprise. Some people even have to pay nearly 20,000 yuan in premiums for enterprises. They have to give their pension cards to creditors and deduct money from their debts every month. Generally speaking, it takes them two years to pay off their debts before they can receive their pensions.

Deputy Director of the Bureau of Collective Enterprises of Fukuang should say: "By the end of 20 10, the premiums paid by employees of collective enterprises for enterprises are more than1900,000 yuan, all of which are borrowed by relatives and friends. Huge debts are on them, and life is even more difficult. Tens of thousands of people will retire in the next five years, and it is increasingly urgent to solve the endowment insurance for employees with difficulties! "

According to an interview with the Economic Information Daily, more than 700 employees of Fukuang Collective Enterprise Construction Company 1.700 were laid off, leaving only a few left-behind employees. The female worker Wang was paralyzed by a car accident. She and her mother have lived in a simple shed for more than ten years, living on a minimum living allowance of more than 500 yuan per month. Last year and before the Spring Festival this year, the reporter came to the Wangs twice and saw the house standing alone on a soil slope, and the room was drafty and cold. "Without heating, my feet are as cold as a cat's bite, and I have to wear a thick cotton hat when I sleep at night." As she spoke, her 70-year-old mother, who lived alone with Wang, burst into tears.

Yuan opened the upper end of the prosthesis and some parts cracked. He told reporters: "Prosthetics should be replaced every two years, but it costs one or two thousand yuan to change a prosthesis. How can I change it? It has not been changed for six or seven years. " Due to the arrears of medical insurance and work-related injury insurance, more than 30,000 laid-off workers in collective enterprises in Fukui Mine basically have no medical insurance.

Grassroots cadres who have been dealing with laid-off workers for many years told the Economic Information Daily that many employees' minor illnesses have been dragged into serious illnesses because they have no money to treat them, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness has become more and more prominent. According to the statistics of the enterprises affiliated to Angang, there are more than 6 100 laid-off workers suffering from serious diseases such as tumor, cerebral thrombosis and heart disease, accounting for more than 6% of the total number of employees. It is understood that collective enterprises in Angang and Fuyuan Mine owe laid-off workers 500 million yuan in medical expenses, and the average age of death of laid-off workers is developing towards younger age.

The reporter learned that although the government departments at all levels in Liaoning Province have taken various temporary relief measures, the limited relief funds are still a drop in the bucket for the huge factory-run large collective groups. Before the Spring Festival this year, the Liaoning provincial government continued to allocate 2.5 million yuan in aid to the collective enterprises of Fukuang, with a per capita income of only a few tens of yuan. Workers are called "eat jiaozi's money". Angang also raised 5 million yuan in aid before the festival and distributed it to every employee, which was less than 100 yuan.

Old age, poor health and lack of skills make it difficult for laid-off workers to reverse their living difficulties. Tang Xudong, director of the office of Angang Subsidiary Company, and Zhang Hua, deputy general manager of Fukuang Diversification Company, told the Economic Information Daily that most of the laid-off workers are "4050" (referring to 40-year-old women and 50-year-old men, the same below), with low skills and poor physical strength. Many families are laid off by both husband and wife, although in recent years, the local government has also tried to arrange some public welfare posts.

Under the heavy pressure of life, the divorce rate of laid-off workers in large-scale factory-run collective enterprises has increased, and mental illness has increased. There are more than 800 mental patients in a large factory-run collective enterprise.

The cost of reform is huge and there is no money to pay.

According to the 6-year follow-up investigation by the reporter of Economic Information Daily, the funding problem is indeed the key to the success or failure of the reform. Because there is no money, this problem has been difficult since the pilot in 2005. Although some areas have achieved results, some cities have made slow progress.

According to informed sources of Liaoning provincial government departments, the relevant solutions to the problems of large-scale collective factories have basically taken shape. The core issue now is "money", and government departments are trying their best to raise funds.

According to the Economic Information Daily reporter's six-year tracking of Liaoning factory-run collectives, the funding problem is indeed the key to the success or failure of the reform. Because there is no money, this problem has been difficult since the pilot in 2005. Although some areas have achieved results, some cities have made slow progress.

In June, 2005, 165438+ 10, the "Reply of the State Council on Agreeing to the Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Reform of Factory-run Large Collective" was issued, and it was proposed that it would take about three years to properly solve the problem of factory-run large collective in Northeast China and push it across the country in due course. The reporter's investigation of Fushun, Angang and Fuxin found that the reform needs huge costs, and some cities are trapped in the inability of funds to promote the reform.

According to the survey, there are 1400 large-scale collective factories in Liaoning, of which more than 70% are loss-making enterprises, and more than half are enterprises that have stopped production or stopped production. The assets of factory-run collective enterprises are of poor quality and unsustainable. Many of them have no assets and no business activities, and the average asset-liability ratio is as high as 143%.

By the end of 20 10, the total number of employees of Fushun Mining Area Collective Enterprise Bureau was about 67,000, including only 3,300 employees on the job, 33,000 laid-off employees and more than 30,000 retired employees. Of the 166 factories of more than 40 secondary companies, only 10 still has business activities. The collective enterprises in Fukuang owe social insurance premium1700 million yuan, and all kinds of debts such as medical expenses, heating expenses and wages of workers injured at work are more than 900 million yuan. Fukuang diversified companies owe laid-off workers more than 300 million yuan in old-age insurance, and Angang affiliated enterprises owe laid-off workers more than 800 million yuan in medical expenses and heating costs.

Fushun's annual general budget revenue is only 6.7 billion yuan, while the total cost of collective enterprise reform in Fuming Mine needs 4.5 billion yuan. Nearly 20,000 employees of Fukuang Diversified Company paid premiums for the enterprise, with a total amount of 300 million yuan, which should be fully repaid, and the overall reform cost such as compensation is about 3 billion yuan. However, as a resource-exhausted city in transition, Fuxin has a very difficult financial situation. In 2009, the general budget revenue only exceeded 654.38+08 billion yuan.

In recent years, Anshan City has intensified its collective reform and invested hundreds of millions of yuan in this regard. Co-allocate 24 million yuan with Angang to repay the funeral expenses and medical expenses of employees at one time, and solve the problem that Angang's collective can't pay medical insurance expenses by building a cooperative medical system; And pay the heating fee of 5- 10 years in advance for employees who terminate labor relations, and exempt the custody fee of 200 million yuan for retired employees; We will provide regular fixed-point assistance to needy families, and provide special assistance to 3,800 seriously ill workers, 8,500 destitute workers and 32,850 needy workers. But if we solve the problem fundamentally, we still need to invest a lot of money.

If we slow down the pace of reform because of financial problems, we will fall into a vicious circle. The longer it takes, the higher the cost of solving problems such as employee compensation.

According to the overall framework of reform, if a factory is restructured, closed or bankrupt, it shall terminate the labor relationship with the on-the-job collective workers and pay economic compensation according to law; Enterprises, local finance and central finance share the cost of reform. According to the calculation of relevant departments in Anshan City, the cost of solving the remaining problems of Angang's subordinate enterprises will increase by 200 million yuan every year. The endowment insurance owed by collective enterprises in Fukuang is also increasing at the rate of 40 to 50 million per year.

Zhang Hua, deputy general manager of rich mine diversified company, told the reporter that five years ago, according to the salary base at that time, the economic compensation was only about 700 million yuan. If calculated according to the current standards, the compensation will be doubled. In addition, the resulting unstable pressure is also growing.

Focus on solving the connection problem between life and social security.

Grassroots cadres of a collective enterprise in Fushun mining area told the Economic Information Daily that the average age of laid-off workers in their enterprises is relatively large. If employees who are less than five years away from the statutory retirement age or have worked for 30 years are given internal retirement, and basic living expenses are paid according to the provisions of the document, a large number of laid-off workers in Fushan collective enterprises will meet the conditions for internal retirement, but enterprises simply cannot afford to pay their living expenses, so new solutions should be adopted.

During the interview, some grass-roots cadres of factory-run collective enterprises excitedly told reporters with the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Carrying out the Reform of Factory-run Collective Work nationwide (document 20 1 10) downloaded from the Internet: "The latest reform opinions this year are more valuable than the last document, and the central government has increased its support.

According to the document, if the net assets of the factory-run large-scale collection are insufficient to pay the compensation for the termination of labor relations of on-the-job collective employees, the difference will be shared by the host state-owned enterprises, local finance and central finance. Among them, the local state-owned enterprises set up large-scale collective, the central financial subsidies 50%; Subsidies from the central government to large-scale collective factories set up by enterprises such as coal, nonferrous metals and military industry decentralized by the central government 100%. The central financial subsidy funds can be used as a whole for the placement of large collective workers in factories.

In order to speed up the reform and reduce the cost caused by time delay, the document also stipulates incentive policies, and the central government will increase the subsidy ratio for cities with fast progress and good implementation effects in the reform of large-scale collective factories. 20 1 1 If the reform is completed before the end of the year, the central financial subsidy will be 80%; If it is completed before the end of 20 12, the central financial subsidy will be 70%; If it is completed before the end of 20 13, the central financial subsidy will be 60%; Those completed on or after 20 14 will not be rewarded.

Many grassroots cadres and laid-off workers believe that this shows the determination of the central government to solve the problems left over by the large collective. They suggested that the government set up a lean office to solve the problem of large collective factories. Considering the particularity of large collective enterprises run by factories, the government should bear the cost of enterprise reform as much as possible for most restructured enterprises facing closure and bankruptcy.

Regarding the placement and compensation of employees, as far as possible, more employees should be included in the overall scope of pension insurance to improve their living standards. A grass-roots cadre of a collective enterprise in Fushun mining area told reporters that the average age of laid-off workers in their enterprises is too large. If employees who are less than five years away from the statutory retirement age or have worked for more than 30 years are given internal retirement and basic living expenses are paid, a large number of laid-off workers in Fushun mining area will meet the conditions for internal retirement, but enterprises simply cannot afford to pay their living expenses, so new solutions should be adopted.

At the same time, we should support the development and growth of enterprises in a market-oriented way. Take effective measures such as acquisition, merger and reorganization, comprehensively reform and reorganize enterprises that stop production, lose money and stop production, minimize the loss of assets of large collective enterprises run by factories, strive to maintain and gradually increase the value of enterprise assets, and support large collective enterprises run by factories to achieve new development in market competition.

In addition, people-oriented, focusing on solving the living difficulties and social security problems of employees.

During the interview, many grassroots cadres suggested that in order to accelerate the large-scale collective reform of factories and offices, we must proceed from reality in accordance with the latest policy principles, resolve major contradictions, and solve key issues, especially the vital interests of employees' pension insurance and medical insurance.