"Get up! People who don't want to be slaves with our flesh and blood, we will build our new Great Wall. When the Chinese nation is at its most dangerous, everyone is forced to make a final roar! " -March of the Volunteers has become National Anthem of the People's Republic of China, which has shaken the voice of history, including the tragic history of the North China crisis and the Great Wall War of Resistance. The crisis in North China is a serious situation in North China caused by the Japanese invaders' all-round invasion of China, and it is actually a crisis of the whole country and nation. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Great Wall, is the struggle of China's anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians against Japanese invaders along the Great Wall and an important part of China people's early anti-Japanese struggle.
After the fall of Northeast China, Japanese imperialism aimed at the vast area of North China in China. 1933 new year's eve 1 1, the Japanese army began to attack Shanhaiguan. Patriotic general He led the defenders to fight back. The Great Wall left by the ancients thousands of years ago once again ignited the bonfire against the invaders. After three days and nights of fierce street fighting, all the soldiers of China garrison 1 and 3rd Battalion were martyred, and Shanhaiguan fell in 654381October 3rd.
The Japanese army quickly turned to attack Jehol (including 22 counties in the northeast of Hebei Province, southwest of Liaoning Province and southeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) and Chahar Province (now Zhangjiakou area and the border area between southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Hebei Province), trying to occupy the northern part of the Great Wall first, and then break through the Great Wall defense lines of Zhen Ji and Zhen Xuan. On March 3rd, Chengde fell, and the defenders of China were waiting for the Great Wall Pass at Yiyuankou, Jielingkou, Qingshankou, xifengkou, tiemenguan, Tangu, Lengkou, Gubeikou, Duolun and Zhangjiakou 1000.
There are two main stages in the Battle of the Great Wall. The first stage started on March 5th, and the Great Wall War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started. The Japanese army invaded the Great Wall on a large scale, and the defenders in China stubbornly resisted, forming a sharp and fierce battle for positions. Twenty-nine army generals were on the defensive in xifengkou and Panjiakou. 500 elite soldiers formed a broadsword team and sneaked into the Japanese camp at night. 480 people died heroically and killed a large number of Japanese aggressors. The soldiers of the 29th Army persisted for seven days and nights, repelling numerous Japanese onslaughts, killing more than 3,000 enemies and forcing them to retreat. The 25th Division of Guan and the Northeast Military Division fought bloody battles in Gubeikou for 3 days and nights, resulting in more than 4,000 casualties. Shang Zhen Huang Guang Hua Shi fought bloody battles with the Japanese army in the cold mouth, so that the position was recovered.
In the second stage, in early April, the Japanese army rushed to the Great Wall again. In April 1 1, the cold mouth fell, and the defenders of xifengkou who were caught between Scylla and Charybdis were forced to retreat. From April 20th to 26th, the Second Division, such as Huang Jie, fought in the Nantianmen, south of Gubeikou, for 8 days and nights, with 5,000 Japanese casualties and more than 3,000 defenders casualties.
However, the Nanjing National Government pursued a compromise policy. At the height of fierce fighting on the Great Wall Line, the Nanjing government negotiated with the Japanese aggressors and signed the Tanggu Agreement on May 3 1 65435, which not only lost the four eastern provinces, but also opened the door to North China.
In a broad sense, the Great Wall War of Resistance did not end. Feng Yuxiang, Ji Hongchang and other patriotic generals led the allied forces to recover Kangbao, Changbao and Guyuan counties along the Great Wall, and then marched into Duolun to defend the Great Wall built here by the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties and Jin Dynasties. A large number of Japanese aggressors and puppet troops quickly occupied Duolun. Ji Hongchang dispatched troops to attack the city. The fierce fighting was extremely fierce. Ji Hongchang personally led the death squads to bravely attack the city. At the critical moment, he was bare-shouldered, holding a knife in one hand and a gun in the other, shouting, "Brothers, come with me and kill him!" " Lead the charge. After five days and nights of hard work, the city was broken, and after three weeks of hard work, Chahar lost thousands of miles. Chiang Kai-shek, who advocated "external peace" around * * *, forced Feng Yuxiang to resign and killed Ji Hongchang. The Great Wall defense line in North China and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia were controlled by the Japanese army.
1 Great Wall Anti-Japanese War
1933 (22 years of the Republic of China) 65438+1From October to May, the national army fought against the Japanese invaders' attacks on the Jehol (now Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia), Lengkou, Gubeikou, xifengkou and Luandong of the Great Wall.
After Japanese imperialism invaded the three northeastern provinces, it was decided that Nobuyoshi Muto, commander of the Kwantung Army, would take command of the 6th and 8th divisions, 14, the 33rd brigade, the 4th brigade of cavalry, and more than 40,000 people each, including aviation, navy and puppet troops, in an attempt to capture the first line of the Great Wall east of Jehol and Gubeikou. The National Government, under the command of Zhang Xueliang, Acting Chairman of the Beijing Branch of the Central Military Commission (replaced by He in March of 12), mobilized more than 200,000 people from the 14 Army in an attempt to defend the Jehol and rely on the Great Wall to prevent Japanese troops from entering the customs. Fighting is mainly carried out in the following areas and passes:
Shanhaiguan, Jiumenkou Battle
On June+10/October 1 day, 65438, Wu Teng quickly captured the Jehol and the Great Wall in order to ensure the main force, causing the Shanhaiguan garrison and the puppet Manchukuo border police force to create the Guan Yu incident, firing a gun to provoke, falsely shooting at the national army, and summoning the national army garrison to withdraw from Shanhaiguan. After being rejected, the 4th Brigade of the 8th Division of the Japanese Army, with the support of aviation and navy, launched an attack on the 626th Regiment of the 9th Brigade of China Garrison in Shanhaiguan on the 2nd. The regiment fought back, and by the afternoon of the 3 rd, more than half of the casualties were caused. They were ordered to retreat and Shanhaiguan fell. On the 4th and 6th, the Japanese army attacked the 9th brigade position in Wulitai and Shihe near Guan Yu, and suffered setbacks. 10, Japanese puppet troops captured Jiumenkou, and the defenders 15 brigade retreated to Shimenzhai. From 15 to 16, the Japanese invaded Shimenzhai, a key pass, and turned to confrontation. In the meantime, thousands of people from the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers fought back at Jiumenkou to contain the Japanese action.
Jehol province action
17 February, Wu Teng ordered an attack on Jehol. 19, Zhang Xueliang adjusted his deployment and deployed four troops in Ye Baishou (now Jianping), Chaoyang, Beipiao, Kailu First Line, Pingquan, Lingyuan, Jianping (now Jianping Town) and Chifeng to stop the Japanese attack. From March 22nd to 4th, the 8th and 6th Japanese Divisions, Huncheng 14 Brigade and Puppet Army successively occupied the above-mentioned areas and Chengde, the capital of Jehol. After the defenders fought in Lingnan (now Jianchang), Lingyuan and Chifeng, the 53rd Army retreated to xifengkou and Lengkou. The 4 1, 63, and 55 armies retreated to the encirclement respectively. ⑽? Today, Wengniute Banner), Duolun, Guyuan. Zhang Xueliang ordered the troops to stick to the Great Wall Line and ordered the main force of the 59th Army and the cavalry 1 Army to deploy in Zhangbei, Dushikou and Duolun to prevent the Japanese army from advancing westward. After the Japanese army occupied Chengde, it was divided into cavalry units to capture the encirclement. ⑽ ね ね? Do you regret it? Ping? Are you bored? Spinach hoop?
On March 4th, the Battle of Lengkou and Luandong, the Japanese Huncheng 14 brigade occupied Lengkou. On the 6 th, the 32 nd Army of the National Army launched a counterattack and recovered the cold mouth in one fell swoop. 12 ~ 24, Huncheng 33 brigade attacked Jielingkou, and 53 army fought back tenaciously. Take back the position and turn to confrontation. On February1day, the entrance of a garrison compound of the 53rd Army 1 16 Division was occupied by the Japanese. On March 27, Wu Teng ordered an attack on Luandong. The Chinese and Japanese armed forces immediately launched a fierce battle at various points in Luandong, and they were repeatedly defeated. Shimenzhai and Haiyang Town, defended by the 57th Army, were occupied by the Japanese Iwata detachment on 1 and April 4th, respectively. The cold mouth and Jianchang camp defended by the 32nd Army fell into the hands of the 6th Division of the Japanese Army at 1 1; The border crossing defended by the 53rd Army was also lost at 12. At the same time, the 40th Army and the 67th Army were ordered to support Jidong from Malanguan and Gubeikou. /kloc-April 0/4 to/kloc-April 0/7, He ordered the 32nd, 57th and 50th armies to retreat to the west bank of Luanhe River, and Funing and Changli fell, and the two sides confronted each other across the river. At this time, the Japanese army was worried that invading the pass would cause international interference. 19, Wu Teng ordered the troops entering the customs to immediately withdraw from the Great Wall Line. The defenders seized the opportunity to pursue and recover Qian 'an, Lulong, Changli, Funing, Beidaihe and other places on the 29th.
Gubeikou and Xinglong task
On March 5th, a certain unit of the 67th Army was ordered to occupy the positions of Ma Quan and Huangtuliang outside Gubeikou to prevent the Japanese army from advancing westward. On the evening of the same day, it was attacked by the 8 th Division of the Japanese Army 16 Brigade, and fought fiercely until the evening of the 9 th to retreat to the front line of Gubeikou. 10, 17 The 25th Division of the Army advanced to Gubeikou to strengthen the second-line position of the 67th Army. 1 1 On the same day, the Japanese army 16 brigade concentrated its troops in Gubeikou with the cooperation of the artillery team, the flying team and the logistics team. The defenders fought back bravely, and the losses were too heavy. By 12, Gubeikou fell, and the 25th Division retreated to the Nantianmen area. 13 On June 38, the 25th Division was replaced by the 2nd Division of 17 Army, and the 83rd Division went into battle the next day. After repelling the Japanese army, the two sides confronted each other. On April 2 1 day, the Japanese 16 brigade, supported by more than ten planes, more than thirty tanks and dozens of cannons, launched an attack on the positions of Badalongzi, Tianjiazhuang and jiepai Valley near the worse gate in three ways. Some fortifications were destroyed, and the defenders suffered heavy casualties, but they still stubbornly resisted. On 24th, 16 brigade stormed the front of Nantianmen and its positions on both sides after the reinforcement of the 4th brigade, and repeatedly cast smoke screens to cover tanks and infantry. The 2nd and 83rd divisions of the garrison, the cavalry 1 brigade and the 4th artillery regiment fought tenaciously. By the 28th, Moshi Mountain, Daxiaoling, Beixiangling and Fengcheng Village had withdrawn from the worse gate. The Japanese army continued to attack, and the three divisions of 17 Army retreated to Miyun on May 13 after fighting hard in the above areas and Bijiashan and Nanxiangyu. At this point, the national army fought the Japanese army with dominant weapons and equipment for nearly 70 days at the cost of more than 10 thousand casualties in Gubeikou. In the meantime, the 26th Army surrounded the Japanese 1 Battalion that entered Xinglong County on April 27th, and the three-day attack failed. Later, forced to retreat due to Japanese reinforcements, he was ordered to occupy Jiusongshan reserve position on May 14.
Xifengkou and Tangu fought.
On March 9th, the Japanese army captured the entrance of xifengkou by mixing 14 brigade. On the same day, the 29 army 37th Division 109 Brigade 2 17 regiment, which had just received defense, launched a counterattack under the leadership of Chang Tuan, annihilated the Japanese army 100 people and regained the entrance. Under the constant counterattack of the Japanese army, the Wang Tuan was forced to retreat because of the disparity in numbers and more than 500 casualties, and the entrance was once again occupied by the Japanese army. 10 to 1 1, the 37th Division and the Japanese troops who attacked the Second Gate of xifengkou and the highlands on both sides joined in hand-to-hand combat with the 14 brigade, and the highlands on both sides changed hands many times, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. The Japanese army then closed the door with one unit, and the main force was concentrated on the north side of the Great Wall. On the night of 1 1, when the Japanese army was exhausted, the first 29 army took circuitous night attack tactics with about two brigades, bypassing the enemy's rear, hitting the Japanese army hard and destroying more than ten guns. Since then, with the cooperation of the 38th Division, after five days and nights of frontal fighting and circuitous behind enemy lines, the Japanese army was finally forced to stop attacking and confronted dongjiakou, tiemenguan and Panjiakou in xifengkou. The Japanese army failed to attack xifengkou, so the 4th Brigade attacked Tanyu and Shan Yu by Happy Forest on 17. The 2nd Division of 29 army, which was defending there, stubbornly resisted and fought back in a roundabout way. After three days and three nights of fierce fighting, the position changed hands more than ten times and the Japanese army lost. By April 8th, the Japanese army had merged into the 14 Brigade and the 4th Brigade of the Cavalry. With the support of planes and heavy artillery, they stormed the garrison positions near xifengkou, such as Laopo Mountain, Haier Ridge, Motianling, Luanyang City, Longjingguan and other places, and fought fiercely for six days, all of which were repelled by the first 29 army. However, due to the Japanese attack on 1 1, 29 army was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and was ordered to leave xifengkou on 13 to continue to undertake the garrison tasks from Xingcheng Town and He Qiao to Tangu. 15 ~ 2 1，at？ He Qiao and the North-South Pavilion repelled the Japanese troops who tried to cross the Luanhe River to the west.
End of battle
After the national army recovered Luandong in late April, the Kwantung Army ordered Wu Teng to enter the customs on May 3 under the pretext of the "challenge" of this national army. At this time, the Japanese army in Jehol marched westward to occupy Duolun and Guyuan (now Inner Mongolia and Hebei) in Chahar Province. From July 7th to 10, the Japanese 6th Division and other departments recaptured Luandong. On June 12, Luanxian, Qian 'an, Binhe Bridge and other places broke through the defense line of Luanhe River and advanced in the direction of Pingjin. The 29th, 32nd, 53rd and 67th armies of the defenders were ordered to retreat. 13, the 8th Division of Japanese Army in Gubeikou occupied Shixia Town, 19, Miyun was occupied. 2 1 to 23rd, the 59th Army fought against the 8th Division advancing from Miyun to Peiping in Niulanshan, Huairou, but it didn't work. By 23rd, the Japanese army had successively occupied Feng Run, Qian 'an, Zunhua, Tangshan, Yutian, Jixian, Sanhe, Xianghe, Pinggu, Miyun, Huairou and other counties and cities in eastern Hebei. The defenders retreated to the vicinity of Ping Jin. The Japanese army threatened Beiping from three directions: south, east and north. On 25th, Acting Chairman of the Beijing Branch of the Military Commission He sent an army special envoy to Miyun for peace talks with the Japanese army, and the two sides stopped military operations. On 3 1 day, representatives of the two sides signed the Tanggu Agreement in Tanggu, which in fact recognized Japan's occupation of the three northeastern provinces and Jehol and placed Jidong within the sphere of influence of the Japanese puppet regime. The Great Wall Anti-Japanese War lasted more than 80 days, and only the l7, 29th, 32nd, 53rd and 67th armies of China suffered more than 1.8 million casualties, and the Japanese side announced 2,400 casualties.
Title: Great Wall War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression
Book number: 105299 1
Publishing House: Unity Publishing House
Pricing: 26.0.
ISBN: 780 130826
Author: Gao Peng Shuangjin Painting.
Publication date: 2005-0 1-0 1
Version: 1
Format: Small 16 format
Introduction:
At the beginning of 1933, after Japan captured the mountains, seamounts and Jehol, it further attacked the Great Wall along the military ports. Once again, the Great Wall watched the invaders' iron hooves overflow their ancient bodies. China's army resisted. The focus of the battle between the enemy and ourselves is the pass of the Great Wall in Yanshan Mountains and the commanding heights nearby, so this battle is called "Great Wall War of Resistance". Due to the negative attitude of the Nanjing government, the defenders could not resist the fierce attack of the Japanese army. The only thing they can rely on is the wall left to them by the ancients thousands of years ago. Although the battle ended in failure, the feat of patriotic officers and soldiers in the Great Wall War of Resistance Against Japan is the embodiment of an army's belief in fighting for the survival of the nation and individuals, the reappearance of the spirit of the ancient Great Wall, and the foundation for the all-round war of resistance of the Chinese nation!
Let us always remember this history and their names!