& ltbr & gt joined the league in his early years. Participated in the Revolution of 1911. 19 19 graduated from Birmingham university with a master's degree. 1920 Return to China. Professor Peking University, Director of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Engaged in the research and teaching of paleontology, glaciology and geomechanics.
& ltbr & gt After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he has served as vice president of China Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of Paleontology of China Academy of Sciences, minister of the Geological Department, member of the Geological Department of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and vice chairman of the second to fourth CPPCC sessions. 1958 * * Joined China. He is a member of the Ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and a representative of the First to the Third National People's Congress.
& ltbr & gt the founder of geomechanics in China. It is advocated to study the crustal phenomenon by mechanical methods, explore the laws of crustal movement and mineral distribution, and regard various structural features as the results of in-situ stress activities, thus establishing the basic theory of "tectonic system". Based on this theory, the geological structural characteristics of eastern China are analyzed, and it is considered that there are large reservoirs in the three subsidence zones of the Neocathaysian structural system. In seismic geological work, it is advocated to observe the change of in-situ stress on the basis of studying geological tectonic activities, which points out the direction for realizing earthquake prediction. He is the author of Geology of China, Introduction to Geomechanics, Seismogeology, Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology.
& ltbr & gt Li Siguang is a great patriot, an outstanding scientist, a well-known social activist and an outstanding educator in China, a pioneer of modern geology in China, one of the main founders of the new China geological cause, and a world-famous scientist. As the founder of geomechanics, Li Siguang is also a model of scientific and technological innovation. China is proud to have such an outstanding scientist as Li Siguang, and the Chinese nation is proud to have such a loyal son. He insisted that science and technology should be oriented to the country's economic construction, anxious about the country's urgent needs and thinking of the people. His scientific practice closely revolves around the needs of the country and strives for the prosperity of the motherland and the nation.
& ltbr & gt He has made indelible contributions to getting rid of the label of "poor oil" in China. ※
& ltbr & gt Li Siguang has made historic contributions to petroleum geology in China. As early as 1930s, he predicted that the Neocathaysian subsidence in eastern China was rich in oil resources. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the first minister of geology of New China and director of the National Petroleum Geology Working Committee, he correctly answered the central government's inquiry about "taking natural oil road or artificial road" under the atmosphere of "China's theory of poor oil" in the geological field. On the basis of years of painstaking research, he put forward the theory of oil control by distorted structural system and seven steps of oil exploration in strategy, campaign and tactics, and firmly believed that no matter whether it is marine or continental, as long as there are suitable geological conditions, rich oil can be formed. On this basis, he took the lead in proposing "exploration of North China Plain and Songliao Plain", boldly suggested and implemented the important decision of "strategic eastward shift" of petroleum geological work in China, paving the way for the discovery of a series of large oil and gas fields such as Daqing in eastern China. After the discovery of Daqing Oilfield, the oil team headed south and pushed along the Cenozoic subsidence zone to North China, Jianghan and Beibu Gulf, and Shengli, Dagang and Jianghan Oilfields were discovered one after another. In the aspect of tactical oilfield exploration, he personally selected the breakthrough points and key well locations in North China and Jianghan Plain to produce high-yield oil flow. The problem of the lack of oil resources in China at that time was fundamentally solved. He also paid close attention to and often guided the oil exploration in northwest, northern Jiangsu and even Tibet, sent a Qaidam oil exploration team and discovered Lenghu Oilfield. He advocated looking for Paleozoic oil fields in Tarim basin and marching into shallow sea, and made a major breakthrough.
& ltbr & gt has made outstanding contributions to the successful development of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in China. ※
& ltbr & gt Li Siguang has long foreseen that the new China needs uranium resources for its national defense and economic construction. After returning home, he overcame many difficulties and brought back a gamma meter from England, which played an important role in later searching for uranium deposits. 1955 65438+ 10/5 Chairman Mao presided over an enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat to study and develop the atomic energy industry, which opened the curtain for China's atomic energy industry. At this meeting, Li Siguang made a work report together with Liu Jie and Qian Sanqiang. In 1950s and 1960s, Li Siguang always cared about the development of uranium geology and listened to the reports and guidance of uranium exploration teams for many times. According to geomechanics theory, he is optimistic about the prospect of uranium exploration, pointing out: "One is to find the enrichment zone, and the other is to facilitate mining. ..... In our country, it is mainly on a few things. " Practice has confirmed Li Siguang's prediction. In particular, some uranium deposits in Nanling belt are famous all over the country for their large scale, high grade and easy mining. When emphasizing the study of structural laws, Li Siguang said: "The key is to combine the study of structural laws with radiation measurement." Following the train of thought of Li Siguang, Qin Mutao and Wu worked hard to find the 2 1 1 super-large uranium deposit. By the end of the second five-year plan, a series of uranium deposits have been discovered in China, and the uranium output can meet the needs of the development of China's nuclear industry. The achievements of nuclear industry in the past 40 years have attracted worldwide attention. As the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, he made outstanding contributions to the successful development of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in China.
& ltbr & gt establish geomechanics theory. ※
& ltbr & gt "All structural features appear in groups. Each group of structural features and other biologically related groups of structural features usually form structural bands independently. Between tectonic belts, there are sometimes blocks with insignificant structural characteristics, which form a whole with their surrounding or semi-surrounding tectonic belts and form a unified structural system. Simply put, the tectonic system is composed of many structural elements with different shapes, properties, grades and orders, but with genetic connections, as well as rocks or plots sandwiched between them. " -Li Siguang geomechanics is an influential geotectonic theory founded by China scientists and the crystallization of Li Siguang's lifelong efforts. She has played a key role in finding important mineral resources in short supply in China and solving major national engineering geological problems. Li Siguang's geomechanics theory originated from his research on the advance and retreat of Carboniferous and Permian seawater in China. From 65438 to 0926, the publication of "The Main Causes of Earth Surface Image Change" was the first milestone of geomechanics research in Li Siguang, and the germination of geomechanics research in Li Siguang absorbed the ideological nutrition of international advanced geologists at that time. He formed and developed China's geological theory according to the geological structure characteristics of China and East Asia. In the early 1940s, Li Siguang took the lead in introducing mechanics into the analysis of geological structures, and published The Basis and Methods of Geomechanics, and the geomechanics theory has taken shape. 1962 The final draft of Introduction to Geomechanics is his summary of geomechanics theory, and expounds and explains the working methods of geomechanics. The core of geomechanics theory is the idea of tectonic system, which is still shining today with the rapid development of earth science.
& ltbr & gt Discovery of Quaternary Glaciers
The distribution of & ltbr & gt glaciers is an important basis for studying geological structures, and Li Siguang has devoted great energy to the study of glaciers. Some foreigners have visited the glaciers in China and asserted that "there are no Quaternary glaciers in China". Li Siguang put forward "Let the facts speak for themselves". 192 1 year. After he returned to China, he found the Quaternary glacial remains near Shahe County in Taihang Mountain and Kouquan in Datong Basin, Shanxi Province. Although he was denied by some foreign experts, he did not lose courage and confidence. He continued to lead students to visit Taihang Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and Lushan Mountain and found many powerful evidences. 1933, Li Siguang gave a special academic lecture on Quaternary Ice Age in the Yangtze River Basin in geological society of china. After the meeting, Chinese and foreign scholars were specially invited to visit Lushan Mountain. Some foreign experts told Li Siguang privately that if these relics were found abroad, they would have been recognized as glacial relics. Since then, Li Siguang has stepped up the investigation of Quaternary glaciers, and found a large number of remains in the Yangtze River basin and Huangshan Mountain, which finally overthrew the wrong conclusions of foreigners. Its research results have played a very important role in mastering groundwater hydrology and structure and developing construction.