She people call themselves "Shanha", which means Shanke. /kloc-Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Ancestors of She nationality have been active in the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong. After the Southern Song Dynasty made suggestions and Shaoxing, it gradually migrated to Fujian. It is distributed in Xijiang (Xixi) and Jiulong River basins in Longxi County, and is called "Xishe". "The government is dead, and Shetian has not paid taxes for a long time."
Li, Chen and Wu were the main surnames of the She nationality in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which is unknown today. In the Ming Dynasty, the Beixi River Basin in Longxi County was mainly the active area of Lan and He ethnic groups. Today, most of the She people in Xiangcheng District are surnamed Zhong, who moved from Jiuduyu Island in Longxi County (now Haicheng Town, Longhai City) during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.
(1) language
The old records of She language are different from Minnan language. She people don't study and don't understand Chinese, so it is difficult for them to communicate with indigenous people. The Zhong and Lan She nationalities in the twenty-fifth capital of Longxi County (now Hua 'an County) live alone in the mountains and speak "Shan Ha" language. She nationality in Xiangcheng district is located in the transportation hub of Jiulong River. After a long time, the She nationality adapted to the customs of the Han nationality and changed to speak Minnan dialect.
(2) Clothing
In the past, the She nationality had a bun with one foot, no towel and hat, and short sleeves and wide sleeves. In the early years of the Republic of China, he was still wearing national costumes. Men's clothes are still black, thick and right. This woman is wearing embroidered clothes with lace sleeves, red hair and two red balls on her head. On the first and fifteenth day of the first month, people wear Hanfu and perform Hanli. Today, the surrounding aborigines.
(3) Marriage and childbirth
For generations, only three people, Zhong, Lan and Lei, have married, but the same surname is not married. Offenders are punished according to clan rules. There is no blue thunder in Xiangcheng today, and marriage with Han nationality is allowed and marriage with Chen surname is forbidden.
Blind date: She intermarriage is in the form of folk songs, but the conditions have to be exchanged. The villages where Zhong's surname married in the tea shop were Lei's surname in Zhangping and Lan's surname in Huaan Xiandu. At the beginning of the first month of each year, as many young men and women as possible are selected from these three surnames to go to each other's village. Under the leadership of the older generation, the number of men and women is equal. Male 20 years old, female 18 years old. If there are shortcomings, we should also pick out the shortcomings to make up for them. Then answer according to the correct song. If the answer is correct, you are satisfied. You can get engaged. If a young woman is not old enough, the answer is correct. It is stipulated that she should marry a man as her sister first, and then get married when she is old. When you are a sister, no one can break the rules, and those who break the rules cancel the engagement. This custom has been abolished.
A girl who is a cousin must visit her mother's uncle's house before she gets married. This is called "being a cousin". Parents must be accompanied by one person and one woman. All relatives will treat guests, the girl is getting married, and the family will treat her to a meal. The date of the banquet varies with the number of relatives. This custom has been abolished.
Wedding: In the old society, when the bride got married, she chose to meet at night. When she men and women in tea shops get married, they must wear a set of close-fitting white trousers to worship their ancestors. This set of white clothes and trousers should be kept until death, and they should be worn after death. In memory of the relatives who died in the ancient social-Han war.
(4) Funeral offerings
In the old days, the migration of She nationality was uncertain, and there was a custom of "second burial". On the day of the funeral, family members don't wear linen and mourning clothes. The stranger washed the dead body, put on the shroud, and then went out for burial. Mourners sang and worshipped before the spirit. This custom has been abolished.
(5) Ancestor worship
Every year, the Chapu She people worship their ancestors, King Pan Hu, on the 14th day of the first lunar month and February 14th of the lunar calendar. At the time of ancestor worship, all people gather in the ancestral hall, where Lan, Lei and Ling are a ancestral hall. The gate is closed, send someone to guard around. Aliens are not allowed to peep or break in. In the past, when you attended ancestor worship, you had to wear national costumes. The ancestral hall is hung with the first suit of the "Zutu" dog, which is generally kept by the elders at home. Zutu, which is more than three feet long and two feet wide, is the legendary comic book of King Pan Hu. In addition to whole chicken, whole duck, pig head, rice cake and steamed bread, there is also a very strange offering, which is to stir banana meat into paste, press it into a column, put it in a stone trough and put it in the center of the offering, which is very solemn. At the beginning of ancestor worship, firecrackers and music are set off. Children and grandchildren knelt on the ground to worship the "Zutu" respectively, and the ancestors read the eulogy and sang "Song of the Emperor", which was very solemn and grand. The ancestor's name and posthumous title were written on the memorial. On the day of ancestor worship, the whole family danced dragons and lions, held banquets and performed plays, which was very lively.
(6) Festivals
She people attach great importance to the activities of recognizing relatives, and they consider themselves "the closest relatives in the same family". The third day of March every year is a festival of "inviting relatives". All relatives named Lan, Lei and Zhong, no matter how far away, should catch up with this day to worship their ancestors and recognize their relatives. In the process of betrothal, both parties should answer with family code, and first use the word "Ru" as the code word.
A: "What's your explanation?"
B: "Sanshui is three men and one woman."
A: "How many pieces is a bamboo divided into?"
B: "Three and a half tablets."
A: "What is your shrine?"
B: "Yingchuan."
A: "What clock?"
B: "it's right next to the golden word, with heavy words on one side."
A: ...
B: ...
After several interrogations, the code words were completely consistent, so they regarded each other as relatives and were very affectionate with each other.
According to Song Gaozong's records, "Zhong, Lan and Lei" were all passers-by. In Baoping Village, Qiao Song Town, Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province, Zhong's She nationality came all the way to the tea shop, and the She nationality village in Songzhou recognized their ancestors and returned to the ancestral home. 1968, a "ancestor worship" ceremony was held in Zhongcuoshe Village, Hui 'an County, attended by representatives from Chadian Village and Songzhou Village.
Although the She nationality in xiangcheng district has lived with the Han nationality for a long time, it has lost its own language. However, it still retains strong national feelings and strong national consciousness. It is clearly recorded in the genealogy of Zhong family in Songzhou village: "The surname of Zhong in Fujian and Guangdong is in the same strain. If there are books to testify, they should all be mutually recognized. I don't know the books handed down from Tingzhou Prefecture, so I mix in under an alias and don't treat myself as a family. " He also said: "There is a legacy from the ancestors, and there is dragon water in the mountains, and children and grandchildren depend on the ancestors. If you don't recognize your ancestors, you will be struck by lightning and never die. "
(7) Taboo
Songzhou Village, Chadian Village and Hongdao Village treat village dogs without beating, scolding, killing or eating. If the dog dies, put the "silver money" paper around the dog's neck, throw it into the river and go down the river.
/