The gentleman in the flower-the head of the orchid group-plum blossom?
The soul of cold autumn-the beauty in chrysanthemum-azaleas?
The treasure of flowers-hibiscus in camellia water-lotus?
osmanthus flowers
Extended data:
1, Peony (scientific name: Peony? Andre. ) is a perennial deciduous shrub of Paeonia in Paeoniaceae. The stem is 2 meters high; The branches are short and thick. The leaves are usually bipinnately compound, and occasionally the leaves near the top of the branches are 3 leaflets; The terminal leaflet is broadly ovoid, with green surface, hairless, light green back and sometimes white powder; the lateral leaflet is narrowly ovoid or oblong-ovoid, the petiole is 5- 1 1 cm, and the leaf axis is hairless. Flowers solitary, bracts 5, oblong; Sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, petals 5 or double, rose, purple, pink to white, usually changing greatly, obovate, with irregular waves at the top; Anthers oblong, 4 mm long; Disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; Carpels 5, rarer, densely pilose. Kelp is rectangular with dense yellow-brown bristles. Flowering in May; The fruiting period is June.
Flowers are colorful, jade smiles and pearls are fragrant, romantic and elegant, and they are known as "the king of flowers". In terms of cultivation types, it can be divided into hundreds of varieties mainly according to the color of flowers. "Peony has many varieties and colors, with yellow, green, fleshy red, crimson and silvery red as the top grades, especially yellow and green. Peony flower is big and fragrant, so it is also called "national color and fragrance".
In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi said in a poem: "The peony demon in front of the court is unqualified, and the lotus on the pond is pure and heartless. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. " . In the late Qing Dynasty, peony was once regarded as the national flower of China. 65438+May 0985 Peony was rated as two of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is a rare woody flower unique to China, with thousands of years of natural growth and 1500 years of artificial cultivation history. It is widely cultivated in China and has been introduced all over the world. Peony flower is known as the king of flowers, with rich culture and paintings.
2. Chinese rose (scientific name: Chinese rose? Jacques. ): Known as the Queen of Flowers, also known as "Moon Red", it is an evergreen and semi-evergreen low shrub that blooms all year round, usually red and pink, and occasionally white and yellow. It can be used as an ornamental plant or as a medicinal plant, also known as a rose. There are three natural varieties, and modern Chinese rose flowers are diverse, including single petals and double petals, as well as beautiful flowers, such as high-heart curls; Its colors are rich, including red, pink yellow, white and other monochromatic colors, as well as mixed colors, silver edges and other varieties; Most varieties have fragrance. There are many varieties of Chinese rose, nearly ten thousand in the world, and more than 1000 in China.
From August to April of the following year, the natural flowering period is large, spreading from the inside to the outside, and the fragrance is rich, which can be widely used in horticultural cultivation and cut flowers. Roses are adaptable and cold-resistant, and can be planted on the ground or potted. Suitable for beautifying courtyards, decorating gardens, arranging flower beds, arranging flower fences and flower stands. Roses are easy to cultivate and can be used as cut flowers, bouquets and various flower baskets. Roses can extract essence and can be used as medicine. It also has good antifungal activity and synergistic antifungal activity. Red flower arrangement has become one of the gifts that lovers must give, and it has also become the theme of love poems.
China is one of the origins of Chinese rose. Chinese rose is beautiful, with beautiful and diverse shapes. It has been blooming and is very popular with people. It was selected as the city flower by 52 cities in China, and the Chinese rose flower was named the fifth among the top ten famous flowers in China by/kloc-0 in May, 985.
3. Orchid (scientific name: cymbidium? Subspecies): Epiphytic or terrestrial herb with several or more leaves, usually located at the base or lower node of pseudobulb, in two rows, banded or rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, with a broad leaf sheath around the base and a joint. There are several flowers in the raceme, and the colors are white, pure white, white green, yellow-green, yellow-yellow, yellow-brown, yellow, red, cyan and purple. ?
Orchids among the traditional famous flowers in China only refer to some terrestrial orchids distributed in China, such as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, commonly known as "China Orchids". This orchid is very different from tropical orchids, with large flowers and bright colors. They have no conspicuous brilliance and huge flowers and leaves, but they have a simple, quiet, elegant and noble temperament, which conforms to the aesthetic standards of orientals. It has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. ?
China people have always regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and they are called "Four Gentlemen" together with "Plum, Bamboo and Chrysanthemum". Usually, "Zhang Lan" is used to describe the beauty of poetry, and "Lan Jiao" is used to describe the truth of friendship. Some people also use orchids to express pure love, such as "the spirit remains unchanged as orchid, the heart remains unchanged as orchid" and "finding a bosom friend and giving a dream to Xiaoxiang". 65438+May 0985 Orchids were rated as four of the top ten famous flowers in China.
4. Mei (scientific name: Xingmei? Sibu. ): small trees, sparse shrubs, 4- 10 meters above sea level; Bark light gray or greenish, smooth; Branchlets are green, smooth and hairless. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, leaf margin usually with small sharp serrations, grayish green. Flowers solitary or sometimes two peanuts in 1 bud, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, with strong fragrance, opening first and then leaves; Calyx is usually reddish brown, but some varieties of calyx are green or green purple; Petals obovate, white to pink. The fruit is nearly spherical, 2-3 cm in diameter, yellow or greenish white, pilose and sour; Mucosal nucleus; The nucleus is oval with slightly flattened sides. It blooms in winter and spring and bears fruit in May-June. 2n= 16，24 .
Plum is native to southern China and has been cultivated for more than 3000 years. There are many varieties of plum, whether it is ornamental or fruit trees. Many types are not only cultivated in the open field for viewing, but also planted as potted flowers to make plum piles. Flowers can be refined, and flowers, leaves, roots and seeds can be used as medicine. The fruit can be eaten, pickled or processed into Senecio scandens, or smoked into ebony, which has the effects of relieving cough, stopping diarrhea, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Plum blossom can resist the harm of root-knot nematodes and can be used as the rootstock of drupe fruit trees.
Plum blossom is the first of the top ten famous flowers in China. Together with orchids, bamboos and chrysanthemums, they are called "four gentlemen", and together with loose bamboo, they are called "three friends in cold years". In the traditional culture of China, Mei gives people an incentive to work hard with her noble, strong and modest personality. In the cold, before the flowers bloom, the world is lonely, and spring has come.
5. Chrysanthemum (Latin name: chrysanthemum (Ramat). )Tzvel。 ): In plant taxonomy, it is a perennial herb of Compositae and Chrysanthemum. According to the cultivation form, it can be divided into many cultivation types, such as multi-headed chrysanthemum, single-headed chrysanthemum, big chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, artistic chrysanthemum, desk chrysanthemum and so on. According to the appearance of petals, it can be divided into garden hug, retreat hug, reverse hug, disorderly hug, happy hug, flying hug and other cultivation types. Different types of chrysanthemums are named after different varieties.
Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, one of the four gentlemen among flowers (Prunus mume) and one of the four cut flowers in the world (chrysanthemum, rose, carnation and gladiolus), with the highest yield. Because chrysanthemums are cold and proud of snow, there is Tao Yuanming's famous sentence, "Pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and see Nanshan leisurely." People in China have the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival. Tang Meng's "Passing the Old Village": "Wait until Shan Ye Holiday, I will come back in the chrysanthemum season." In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums are also endowed with the meaning of good luck and longevity.
Chrysanthemum is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated by long-term artificial selection. It was introduced to Japan from China as an ornamental chrysanthemum around the eighth century. At the end of 17, Dutch merchants introduced China chrysanthemum to Europe, to France in 18 and to North America in the middle of 19. Since then, chrysanthemums in China have spread all over the world.
6. azaleas? Planck ): Also known as Yingshanhong and Shan Shiliu, they are evergreen or ordinary green shrubs. According to legend, there was a cuckoo in ancient times, which crowed day and night, hemoptysis, and dyed flowers all over the mountain, hence the name. Rhododendrons usually bloom in spring, with 2-6 flowers in each cluster. Corolla is funnel-shaped, with red, pink, apricot, snow blue, white and so on. , gorgeous colors. Born under sparse thickets or pine forests in mountainous areas at an altitude of 500-1200 (-2,500) meters, it is a typical indicator plant of acidic soil in south-central and southwest China.
This whole plant is used as medicine: it can promote qi and blood circulation, tonify deficiency, treat cough due to internal injury, deafness due to kidney deficiency, irregular menstruation and rheumatism. Because the corolla is bright red, it is a famous flower plant with high ornamental value and is cultivated in parks all over the world. Rhododendron is the provincial flower in Jiangxi, Anhui and Guizhou, and as many as seven or eight cities such as Changsha, Wuxi, Jiujiang, Zhenjiang, Dali, Jiaxing and Ganzhou have been designated as city flowers. 1985 In May, Rhododendron was rated as six of the top ten flowers in China.
7. Camellia (scientific name: Camellia? Shrubs or small trees, 9 m tall, glabrous shoots. The leaves are leathery, oval, slightly pointed at the top, broadly wedge-shaped at the base, dark green at the top, shiny and hairless after drying, and light green at the bottom. Flowers terminal, red, sessile; There are about 10 bracts and sepals, 6-7 petals, and 2 outer suborbicular. Capsule is spherical, 2.5-3cm in diameter, with 2-3 cells, each cell contains 1-2 seeds, 3 valves, thick fruit and lignified. Flowering1-April.
Camellia originated in China. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Fear of high temperature, avoid the scorching sun. There are wild species in China, Sichuan, Taiwan Province, Shandong and Jiangxi. Camellia is widely cultivated in various places, with a wide variety of colors, most of which are red or reddish, and some are white, mostly double petals. Among the camellia groups, it is one of the few representatives with bare ovaries for viewing. Flowers have hemostatic effect, and seeds are used for oil extraction industry.
8. Lotus belongs to the family Nelumbo, which is the general name of two plants in the genus Nelumbo. Also known as lotus, water hibiscus and so on. It is a perennial aquatic herb flower of lotus. Underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaves. Flowering from June to September, it is solitary at the top of the pedicel. There are many petals embedded in the receptacle hole, which are red, pink, white and purple, or have colored lines and edges. Nuts are oval and seeds are oval.
There are many kinds of lotus flowers, which are divided into ornamental and edible categories. China is native to tropical and temperate Asia and was planted as early as the Zhou Dynasty. Lotus is precious all over the body, lotus root and lotus seed are edible, and the germ of lotus seed, rhizome, lotus node, lotus leaf, flower and seed can be used as medicine. Its character of emerging from the mud without staining has always been praised by the world. "The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely colorful, and the lotus flowers reflect different colors in the sun" is a true portrayal of the beauty of lotus flowers. The noble character of lotus flower "straight through the outside, not crawling, not stained with mud, clear but not demon" has always been one of the themes of poets' painting.
1985 in may, lotus was rated as one of the top ten flowers in China. Lotus is the national flower of India and Vietnam.
9. Osmanthus fragrans is the common name of many trees of Oleaceae in China, which represents oleoresin (scientific name: Osmanthus fragrans? (Thunb。 )Lour。 ): also known as "rock laurel", it is an evergreen shrub or small tree of Oleaceae. Hard texture, thin skin, long oval leaves, sharp, opposite, will not wither in winter. In the leaves and intestines of peanuts, the corolla is divided into four parts, and its shape is small. There are many varieties of horticulture, among which Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui and laurel are the most representative.
Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. It is an excellent ornamental and practical garden tree, which has the functions of greening, beautification and fragrance. Osmanthus fragrans is necessary. Especially in the Mid-Autumn Festival when laurel trees are in full bloom and the night is quiet and full moon, it is refreshing to taste the wine and smell the fragrance of Chen. In ancient Chinese poems about flowers, there are also a considerable number of poems about Guangxi. Since ancient times, it has been deeply loved by the people of China and regarded as a traditional famous flower.
Osmanthus tea made from osmanthus fragrans is a specialty tea in China. Soft aroma, delicious taste, deeply loved by the public. Osmanthus fragrans is widely used in garden construction.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-peony