Born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, 1924, male, party member, nuclear physicist, academician of China Academy of Sciences.

1945 graduated from physics department of The National SouthWest Associated University, and then taught in Peking University. 1948 10 is bound to study in the physics department of Purdue University in the United States, and get a doctorate in physics on 1950, and return to China in the same year. He has served as research assistant and associate researcher in the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Institute of the Second Machinery Department, deputy director and dean of the Ninth Institute, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. 12 Commissioner the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. 1986 is dead.

In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, he led the research of basic theories such as detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport. And made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis on the physical process of the atomic bomb, and took the first step of China's independent research on nuclear weapons. Leading the completion of the theoretical scheme of the atomic bomb and participating in guiding the detonation simulation test of the nuclear test. Immediately after the success of the atomic bomb test, organize forces to explore the design principle of hydrogen bombs and choose technical approaches. 1982 won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award, 1985 won two special prizes of national scientific and technological progress, 1986 won the title of national model worker, 1987 and 1989 won the special prizes of national scientific and technological progress 1 respectively.

Oppenheimer

J Robert Oppenheimer (1904- 1967), an American physicist, is the "father of the atomic bomb" in the world.

Oppenheimer was born in a wealthy German Jewish family in New York on 1904. 192 1 year, Oppenheimer graduated from new york Moral Culture School with 10 straight A grades, and was postponed to study in the Chemistry Department of Harvard University due to illness the following year. Near the end of the course, he took an advanced thermodynamics course of the famous experimental physicist Professor bridgman, which made him interested in physics for the first time-this science touched his "atomic complex", so he devoted himself to the scientific research project led by bridgman.

From 65438 to 0925, Oppenheimer graduated from Harvard University with honors in advance and was recommended by bridgman to come to Trinity College in Cambridge. Later, he transferred to the University of G? ttingen in Germany, one of the European theoretical physics research centers at that time, and studied under M. Born. In collaboration with Born, he published the article "Quantum Theory of Molecules", which laid the foundation for molecular spectrum research and laid the foundation for molecular research. Under the guidance of Born, he received his doctorate in 1927.

1927 In the summer, Oppenheimer returned to China, first went to Harvard University, and then taught at the University of California at Berkeley and the California Institute of Technology at Pasadena. During the period 1928- 1929, I went to Europe again, successively in Leiden University and Zurich University, and in Allen with Fest and W. Pauli discussed and studied together, and the subsequent work was deeply influenced by Pauli, always focusing on the forefront of physics development. He predicted the existence of positrons as early as 1930. In 193 1, he pointed out that particles with integer and semi-integer spins have different theoretical structures, and combined with a large number of experimental results of cosmic rays and nuclear physics at that time, described, calculated and explained the properties of various basic particles. In his early years, he had established his leading position in American physics.

At the same time, Oppenheimer gradually showed his potential and quality as an excellent teacher. He is always surrounded by a group of talented and sharp-thinking young people. Berkeley gradually became the center of theoretical physics in the United States, and most of the young physicists he trained later became top experts in physics, thus forming a famous school of theoretical physics in American physics.

1942 is a major turning point in Oppenheimer's life. He was appointed as the director of the wartime Los Alamos Laboratory, and was responsible for the technical leadership of the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb.

Oppenheimer returned to the University of California and Institute of Technology shortly after the war, where he served as the president of Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies at 1947, and as the chairman of american physical society the following year.

From 1945 to 1953, Oppenheimer became one of the main advisers to the U.S. government and Congress in formulating atomic energy policies, including twice serving as the chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Government Atomic Energy Commission. With a deep understanding of the dangers of atomic bombs and a sense of guilt, he foresaw and worried about the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union, upheld the conscience of basic human values and a sense of social responsibility for the future, devoted himself enthusiastically to the international control and peaceful use of atomic energy through the United Nations, advocated exchanging nuclear scientific information with major countries including the former Soviet Union to reach relevant agreements, and opposed the United States taking the lead in making hydrogen bombs. However, Oppenheimer's political ideas and experience are obviously naive. After Eisenhower came to power, McCarthyism became the object of political persecution.

In February, Eisenhower decided to conduct a security review of Oppenheimer and revoke its security concession. At the four-week security hearing from April 65438 to May 6, 954, he was accused of early left-leaning activities and delaying the government's strategic decision to develop hydrogen bombs, and even suspected that he was a Soviet agent. This is a sensational "Oppenheimer case". The Security Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Atomic Energy Commission decided to deprive Oppenheimer of the security concession by a majority of 2: 1 and 4: 1, thus ending his political career and political ideal of seeking international cooperation and peace with the help of atomic energy.

After retiring from politics, Oppenheimer devoted himself to the teaching and management of Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, where he developed his teaching style and management ability, and organized a series of important international academic activities, which promoted the development of quantum field theory.

Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb", was the victim of McCarthyism in 1950s and homophobia and framing in the United States during the Cold War. Oppenheimer didn't win the Nobel Prize, but his achievements are no less than those of any Nobel Prize winner.

Wen Yiduo

Poet and scholar of literature and history. After the May 4th Movement, new poems were published. Studying in America. He has taught in Sun Yat-sen University, Wuhan University, Qingdao University, Tsinghua University and Southwest United University. Because he killed Lee and angered the spy.

Beethoven (1770- 1827) was born in Bonn. He has studied piano since he was a child. 1787, he went to Vienna to learn composition from Haydn and met Mozart. Beethoven lived in the era of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars and the Vienna system, and European democracy and national consciousness were rising day by day. His works reflect the characteristics of these times, either praising heroes or opposing feudalism and striving for democracy, freedom and a bright future. His main works are Sonata of Sorrow, Sonata of Moonlight, Symphony of Destiny (the fifth symphony) and Symphony of Chorus (the ninth symphony). Beethoven's old age was very bleak, and he died in poverty and disease. However, people cannot forget him. 1827 On March 29th, when Beethoven's funeral was held, more than 2,000 people attended the escort. Beethoven's most important contribution to music is symphony, so he is known as "the king of symphony".

Haydn Franz Joseph [1732.3.31-1809.5.31] Austrian composer. Born in the countryside, he received music enlightenment education at the age of 6. At the age of eight, he became a boy in the church choir, studying culture and music. 1758- 1766 served as the court music director of the count. At this time, a lot of music works were created. 179 1 and 1794 went to England twice to conduct orchestras and compose music. Haydn is one of the representatives of Vienna Classical Music School. He once received an honorary doctorate in music from Oxford University in London. His works are vast, covering all fields of vocal music and instrumental music. Early works were in the transitional period from baroque to classical style, and then a large number of music practices gradually formed modern symphonies and quartets, as well as a dual-control orchestral system based on four strings. After 90' s, his creation reached the perfection. The music structure is rigorous and the rhythm is full of vitality, which has the typical style characteristics of classical music school. Haydn's personal character is pure and cheerful, kind and humorous, full of life breath. His main works are: 108 symphony, 2 piano concertos, 2 violin concertos, 2 cello concertos, 5 horn concertos, 5 violin concertos, 8 organ concertos, 82 string quartets, 30 piano trios, 125 suite, 56 string trios, 52 keyboard sonatas and variations.

Brief introduction of turgenev

Turgenev is a Russian critical realist writer in the19th century. Representative works include: The Hunter's Diary, Father and Son, Luo Ting, etc.

He was born into a noble family in Orel province. My mother is arbitrary and bossy. She witnessed his inhuman treatment of serfs from an early age and was disgusted with serfdom. 15 years old, admitted to the Chinese Department of Moscow University, then transferred to the Chinese Department of Philosophy Department of Petersburg University, and then went to Germany to study philosophy and other courses. In Europe, influenced by Rousseau and other enlightenment thoughts, he had frequent contacts with bakunin and others. During this period, he formed his own view of Western Europe. After returning to Russia, he met belinsky at the end of 1842 and became close friends. His anti-serfdom attitude is more determined. He tried to write poetry as early as in college. 1843 published the narrative poem Balasha, which was well received by belinsky. In the same year, he met Madame Viadotte, a French female singer, and became attached to her all his life, even living abroad for her. The close-up collection Hunter's Notes (1847 ~ 1852) is Turgenev's famous work, which won him the reputation as a writer. During the same period, he also wrote some plays, the most famous of which was January in the Village. 1856, the first novel "Luo Ting" came out, and Luo Ting became the most glorious image among "redundant people". 1859 published the novel The House of the Noble, which brought him a reputation as a first-class writer. Later, he turned to observe the new social model and wrote two novels, The Night Before (1860) and Father and Son (1862), among which Father and Son is his masterpiece. The novel Smoke published by 1867 expresses the writer's pessimism about the social and political movement in this period through the hero's experience of being hit hard in his love life. The last novel Virgin Land (1877) reflects the movement launched by populists to the people in the 1970s. Besides, the creation of short stories runs through almost all his literary activities, such as Jiang Mumu, Summer, First Love and Spring Tide. Prose Poetry (1878 ~ 1882) is his last work, which reveals the writer's thoughts and feelings in many ways.

Turgenev is called "a novelist among novelists". His novels are pure and beautiful in language, concise and rigorous in structure, good at describing natural scenery, and often use hidden techniques to describe the psychology of characters. The works are full of poetic atmosphere and faint sadness, giving people endless aftertaste.

Zola

Zola

(1840 ~ 1902) French novelist, the main advocate of naturalistic literature. He was born in Paris on April 2nd, 1840. His father is Italian and his mother is Greek. After graduating from high school, Zola worked as a packer in Schet Bookstore, and was soon promoted to the director of the advertising department with her outstanding poetic talent. /kloc-published the first collection of short stories "Stories for Ninon" in 0/864, and published the novel "Confessions of Claude" the following year. The police thought some descriptions in the book were "indecent" and found that Zola was closely related to Republicans and progressives. As a result, Schet Bookstore was searched, and Zola had to leave her job and embark on the road of professional creation.

Loubai

Flaubert

(182 1 ~ 1880) French writer. Born in Rouen, northwest France, a family that has been practicing medicine for generations. My father is the dean and director of surgery at Rouen Municipal Hospital. He spent his childhood in his father's hospital. Therefore, his later literary creation obviously bears the trace of careful observation and analysis by doctors. Flaubert began to try literary creation from middle school. 184 1 year, studying at Paris Law School. At the age of 22, he dropped out of school because of suspected epilepsy. Since then, he has been living in Rouen, concentrating on his creation and never getting married. Madame Bovary was written by Flaubert in 1857 in nearly five years. This work initiated a new era in the history of literature and became his masterpiece. Then he wrote Salangbao (1862), Emotional Education (1869) and Three Stories (1877).

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