Su Shi has high attainments in literature and poetry, and can be called the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty. Moreover, Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty. Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points: First, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm respected by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of feudal scholars on the same value scale, he was able to keep calm and go all out. Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars who have suffered from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life of integrity and abundance, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do. Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression. Therefore, it is a historical necessity that Su Shi is universally loved by later literati.
Su Shi enjoyed a high reputation in the literary world at that time. He inherited Ouyang Xiu's spirit and attached great importance to discovering and cultivating literary talents. At that time, there were many young writers around him. Among them, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao Cuo Zhi and Qin Guan are collectively called "Su Men Four Bachelor's Degree". Together with Chen Shidao and Li Zhi, they are called "Six Gentlemen of Sumen". In addition, Li, Li Zhiyi, Tang Geng, Zhang Shunmin, Kong, He Zhu and others were also directly or indirectly influenced by Su Shi. Su Shi's achievements include all kinds of literary styles, and his own creation has no fixed norms to follow, so Su Men writers present different faces in their creation. Huang Tingjian is good at poetry, Qin Guan is good at ci, Li Zhi is good at classical Chinese, and Zhang and Chao are good at poetry. At the same time, their artistic styles also have their own personalities. For example, Huang's poems are innovative, Chen's poems are simple, and their styles are not good. Later, Huang and Chen also opened another school.
Su Shi's works were very famous at that time and were very popular in Liao countries, North Korea and other places. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the court once banned the circulation of Su Shi's works, but the stricter the ban, the wider it spread. By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi's collected works were widely circulated with various versions, and were repeatedly engraved in later dynasties.
In the eyes of later scholars, Su Shi is a brilliant literary master, and people compete to learn nutrition from Su Shi's works. In the era of confrontation between Jin State and Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi had a far-reaching influence on both the north and the south. Su Shi's poems not only influenced the poems and songs of the Song Dynasty, but also inspired the poets of the Ming Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty. Su Shi's spirit of liberating ci style was directly inherited by the new poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, forming a bold ci school on an equal footing with graceful ci, and its influence has been spread to people in the Qing Dynasty. Su Shi's prose, especially his essays, is the artistic source of the unique spirit of the prose of the police school in Ming Dynasty. Until the Qing Dynasty, the influence of Su Wen could still be seen in the prose of Yuan Mei and Zheng Xie.
Su Shi's amiable and humorous image remained in the minds of ordinary people in later generations. His travels around the world and his life inventions are all topics talked about by later generations. Among the writers in the Song Dynasty, Su Shi is unparalleled in terms of the degree of being widely loved by later generations.
2. Xin Qiji (11May 28th, 40-1207, 65438+1October 3rd), born in Licheng County, Jinan, Shandong Province (now Sifengzha Village, Yao Qiang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City), was a bold poet in the Southern Song Dynasty in China. Xin Qiji was born in the State of Jin. He is a teenager who resists the return of gold to Song Dynasty. He served as an envoy of Jiangxi and Fujian. Posthumously presented to Shi. There is a collection of Jia Ci, Long Xuan and a collection of short sentences, with more than 600 existing words. Strong patriotism and fighting spirit are the basic ideological content of his words. Famous ci poems include I love to fetch the lake with water, it is easier to touch the fish for several storms, Manjiang is living in the south of the Yangtze River, you have been to the north of Qin Dynasty, and Xijiang travels in the middle of Huangsha Road at night. The artistic style of his ci is diverse, mainly bold and unconstrained, with a gloomy and heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and femininity. His ci has a wide range of themes, making good use of predecessors' allusions, expressing patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, pouring out grief and indignation, and condemning the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. He is the author of "Ten Theories on Meiqin" and "Nine Theories", which provided strategies for Chen Zhanshou. Xin Qiji died in the autumn of12007, at the age of 68, because of disagreement with the ruling pacifists.
There are more than 600 Xin Ci poems, the largest number of Ci poets in the Song Dynasty. Most of his poems are based on the realistic problems of the country and the nation, expressing impassioned patriotic feelings. For example, Shui Long Yin, Shui Diao Ge Tou, A Thousand Miles of Fertile Soil and Man Jiang Hong show the lofty desire to restore the reunification of the motherland. Drive away the groom (describe your poem in detail), Bodhisattva Xia (the Qingjiang River under the fishing valley), broken fighter (watching the sword with drunken eyes) and so on. , showing nostalgia for the northern region and praise for the struggle against gold. Water (Chu Dora), fishing (which can make the wind and rain go several times), He Xinlang (the boss can also say so), Partridge Sky (when strong, it can hold thousands of people's banners), and Eternal Happiness (through the ages), etc., show your dissatisfaction with the humiliation of the Southern Song Dynasty court and your anxiety about your ambition. Most of these works are high-spirited and passionate.
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Lu You (1125—1210) was born in Yinshan, Yuezhou, Han nationality, a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager. When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions. In the seventh year (1 17 1), he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Song Ningzong sent an imperial edict to Lu You to Beijing, and presided over the compilation of Xiao Zong and Guang Zong's Records of the Two Dynasties and History of the Three Dynasties. His official position was to be determined. After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years (12 10), leaving the last book, Shizi.
Lu You persisted in writing all his life and made great achievements in poetry and prose. His poetic language is simple and fluent, and his composition is rigorous and orderly. He has both Li Bai's boldness and boldness and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, especially his patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Lu You is also a brilliant historian. His Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, with bright colors and high historical value, is "concise".
Lu You has many literary talents, especially his achievements in poetry. He claimed to have written more than 9,300 poems in 60 years, which can be roughly divided into three periods: before he entered Shu at the age of 46, he tended to be in the form of words; The period from entering Shu to retiring at the age of 64 is the mature period of his poetry creation, and it is also a period of great changes in his poetry style. He changed from "algae painting" in his early years to pursuing unrestrained style, full of fighting atmosphere and patriotic passion; After living in his hometown of Yin Shan in his later years, his poetic style tends to be simple and plain, showing an idyllic flavor, and from time to time revealing desolate life feelings. Lu You devoted his life to poetry creation, "intentionally becoming a poet" and despised lyrics. Therefore, as the backbone of the "new school poets", the number of Lu You's poems is small, and there are about 140 existing in the world. However, Lu You was brilliant and detached, and once lived in the northwest front. Therefore, Lu You also created another artistic realm that Jia Xuan's ci did not have.
4. Li Qingzhao (1084 March13—155 May 12) was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong), and was of Han nationality. Song (the turn of the Song Dynasty) poetess, the representative of graceful and restrained words, is known as "the first talented woman through the ages".
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.
There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.
As a rare female writer in the history of China ancient literature, the patriotic thought embodied in Li Qingzhao's works has positive social significance. From a historical perspective, Li Qingzhao's patriotic thought represents one aspect of China ancient women's pursuit of gender equality, concern for state affairs and love for the motherland, from which future generations can see the other side of China ancient women's emotional world. In addition, she has won a place for women among many patriotic writers. Moreover, Li Qingzhao pioneered the patriotic creation of female writers and left a shining example of female patriotism for later generations, especially modern female literature creation. Understanding Li Qingzhao's patriotic thought from a realistic perspective, we can feel the great role of women in national unity, national unity and social progress. This is of great significance to give full play to women's social role in carrying forward the spirit of patriotism, holding high the banner of patriotism, promoting national unity, national unity and rejuvenating China.