Gong's name and totem:
Male, as the surname, comes from the father-in-law, that is, the father-in-law. Republic of China is a cognitive word, which consists of 20 and 20. It means holding something with both hands. The original meaning of "altogether" is "twenty people in the street". When many people do something together, it's the same. Oracle Bone Inscriptions has two characters, one is the shape of four hands working together; The other is to hold your hands high and take things respectfully. It is a square thing, which can be imagined as a piece of jade, more likely to be a heavy object. It needs the joint efforts of many people to lift it. It's like moving stones with both hands, and it's the image of a worker moving stones to block a hundred rivers.
Manager Zhang likes Gong, too. Because Gonggong Gonggong can control water, it is called flood. One of the five major water systems is located in the north, so Gonggong artists take the Black Dragon as their totem. Gong's family is related to clans who share the same surname and can control water.
The Origin and Evolution of Gong Family;
There are three main branches of Gong family in contemporary Han nationality: Gong Gong family, Yan surname and Ji surname.
The first branch originated from the Gonggong family. Gonggong is an ancient tribe that existed in ancient times. Shennong lives between Jianghuai and Yan Di, and its tribal leaders have always been called Gonggong. According to legend, Gong Gong was the superior of Fu, the minister of water and soil in the era of the Yellow Emperor, and once competed with Zhuan Xu for the throne. In 700 AD, the leader of Gonggong clan was killed and was appointed as an engineer by the minister of Yao Di. In the Yao-Shun era, Gong Dou, Sanmiao and Maogun were appointed. The Gonggong clan was a very powerful tribe before the Xia Dynasty, and then there were Gonggong clans. In ancient times, Gong, Gong and Gong were commonly used words, and the name of Gong was the name of Gong. First, Gonggong is divided into two factions. One is the water in the five elements of Gonggong, and water is added to Hongjia. The other, because Gong Gongbie Long Yuan inherited his father's position in the era of the Yellow Emperor, was the land of the Yellow Emperor and managed the land. Later, because of asylum, the word "male" was added to the total word. In a word, Gong's surname comes from common surname, and one of the sources of common surname comes from Gong's surname.
The second expenditure was incurred by Yan. After the officials in charge of criminal law and justice in Yao and Shun period, Shun was sealed as strict. In the Shang Dynasty, there were small countries such as Ruan, Yi and Gong Gong, and there were also republics. Hou was killed at the end of the Shang Dynasty and returned to Zhou. After the demise of Shang Dynasty, among the vassal states with different surnames, Gongbo State, located in present-day Henan Province, was a descendant of Yan, and was soon annexed by Wei State and became a city of Wei State. After the two countries died together, they all took the country as their surname and later changed their surname to public. Father-in-law, Huixian County, Henan Province, is one of the place names seen in the inscriptions on Yin Ruins. In ancient times, gong gong, gong gong and gong gong were commonly used words. In the pre-Qin period, Gong Gong was the main work, and Gong Gong was rare. Gong and Gong are actually the same country and surname.
The third one is from Ji's surname. Wei Hou annexed Yan Gongbo and made him Prince Gongbo. After this Gongbo, there was Gongbo. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Prince was named Gonggong and Gonggong by Dr. Jin, then Gongshi, then Gonghua and Gongci. Zheng Shu in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, uncle, broke away from * * *, that is, the ancient Republic, which was later * * *. These three branches are all surnamed Ji, and later they were all changed to Gong.
Inflow of foreign genes:
The fourth expenditure comes from foreigners. The most important thing for outsiders to integrate into Gong's family happened in Bashu. Among the seven surnames of Ban Xun Man in the early Western Han Dynasty, Gong lived in Gongtan, northwest of Youyang County, Chongqing. Gong Rong, the secretariat of Jingzhou in the Western Han Dynasty, and Yang Gong, the prefect of Ba County.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, palaces began to appear in history books. In fact, Gong's history is only 1800 years, which is a relatively young surname. Gong mainly lives in Sichuan, Gansu, Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and other regions. During the Jin and Northern Dynasties, Gong had developed to the banks of the Yangtze River and other places. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Gong's family mainly developed in Jiangnan, and Gong's footprints were found in Fujian, Guangdong and other places. The Qing Dynasty first entered the provincial capital of Taiwan Province.
There were about 6.5438+0.5 million people surnamed Gong in the Song Dynasty, accounting for 0.2% of the national population, ranking 84th. The province with the largest number of Gong surnames is Anhui, accounting for 19.3% of the total population of Gong surnames in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and Hebei. These six provinces account for about 865,438+0% of the total population of Gong. Secondly, it is distributed in Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces. The Gong family has formed three clusters in China, with Anhui and Jiangsu as the center in the east, Hebei as the center in the north and Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian as the center in the south.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 300,000 people surnamed Gong, accounting for 0.32% of the national population, ranking 7 1. During the Ming Dynasty, Jiangsu was the largest province of the Gong family, accounting for about 25.7% of the total population of the Gong family. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian, among which Gong's family accounts for 76% of the total population, followed by Hubei, Sichuan and Hunan, and Gong's family is concentrated in 17%. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Gong changed greatly, and the population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast. The country has re-formed the population gathering place of Gong surname in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places.
Distribution and atlas of contemporary Gong family;
Gong, a contemporary Han nationality with a population of 2 million, is the first common people in China, accounting for 0. 16% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of Gong surname has increased from 300,000 to more than 2 million, an increase of nearly 7 times, and the population growth rate of Gong surname is lower than that of the whole country. Since the Song Dynasty, the population of the Gong family has doubled for thousands of years. At present, the distribution of Gong surname in China is mainly concentrated in Hunan, Jiangsu, Hubei and Sichuan provinces, accounting for about 43% of the total population of Gong surname in China, followed by Henan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing and Shanghai, and the places where Gong surname is concentrated account for 26%. Hunan is the largest province with Gong surname, accounting for 13% of the total population of Gong surname. The Yangtze River basin has formed a high proportion of Gong surname distribution area. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of Gong's population movement are quite different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The migration from the east to Central China, North China and Sichuan became the mainstream of Gong's migration.
The distribution frequency of Gong's family in the population shows that in Hunan, Chongqing, most of Sichuan and Guizhou, northeastern Yunnan, most of Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, Shanghai, northern Fujian, southern Anhui, northwestern Guangxi and eastern Heiji, the proportion of Gong's family in the local population is generally above 0.3%, and the central region can reach above 0.5%. The coverage area of the above areas accounts for about 16% of the national total area. In this area, the Gong family accounts for 0.12%-0 of the local population in eastern Zhejiang, most of Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, most of Taiwan Province Province, Yunnan, northern Sichuan, eastern Qinghai, most of Gansu, Ningxia, southwestern Shaanxi, Henan, central and western Inner Mongolia, northern Hubei, northern Anhui, southeastern Shandong, northwestern Jiangsu, central Heilongjiang and eastern Jilin.
Gong's traditional culture;
Wang he Tang Hao
Gong is mainly. Gong's representative works include Wuling, Liugui, Gengdu and Bohai Sea. The name of "Yin Zhong" Hall comes from Gong Zongyuan in Song Dynasty. When Gong Zongyuan was the magistrate of Jurong County, he solved the case like a fairy, dug up criminals and chased fugitives. On one occasion, Emperor Wendi's younger brother Yang Hong.
Family precept Gong Zizhen, born and raised, was a scholar of Daoguang, an official of the Ministry of Rites, well-read, versatile, and especially good at night interpretation. He was a famous thinker and writer. He attaches great importance to family education. He believes that the cultivation of character and the accumulation of knowledge depend on the cultivation and efforts from childhood, not innate. He inculcated his descendants: "Although great men have achieved something in their later years, outstanding people are always fighting for the weak crown." At the same time, he also asked future generations to be indifferent to fame and fortune and not to pursue it. He warned future generations to "know more about order, preserve their virtues, not lose their hearts, and become famous in the transaction."
Celebrity frequency and family sages:
From 755 to 79000, 85 celebrities named Gong were admitted, accounting for 0. 19% of the total number of celebrities, ranking100 in the celebrity surname list; Gong's famous litterateurs account for 0. 16% of all litterateurs in China, ranking 100. Famous doctor Gong accounts for 0.28% of the total number of doctors in China, ranking 7 1. Master Gong accounts for 0. 19% of the total number of artists in China, ranking 93rd.
Gong Sui, governor of Bohai Sea in the Western Han Dynasty, Gong Kuan, a painter and Gong De, a musician, are all important figures in history. Gong, a famous minister in Southern Song Dynasty; Gong Kai, a painter in Song and Yuan Dynasties; Gong Zhiyi, a historian of the Ming Dynasty, and Gong Hong, a hydraulic scientist; Gong Zizhen, a thinker and writer in Qing Dynasty, Gong Dingzi, a writer, Gong Xian, a painter, and Gong Shiyan, a doctor, were famous military commanders in those years. Gong Zutong, a contemporary optical expert, Gong Jianong, a film artist.
Gong blood group
The distribution of blood types in Gong population is as follows: O type accounts for 34.9%, A type accounts for 29.8%, B type accounts for 26.9% and AB type accounts for 8.4%.