In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin praised Li Yi's "Watching the Country at Night Listening to the Flute" as the first of the seven wonders in the middle Tang Dynasty. According to "Old Tang Shu Li Yichuan", this poem had a great influence at that time. "The world thought it was a song", which was compiled into songs and spread all over the world, and became one of the best quatrains in the middle Tang Dynasty.

02

Surrender city: Zhang Renyuan, a famous soldier in the early Tang Dynasty, built a surrender city north of the Yellow River, which was divided into three cities: East, Middle and West, all in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Another way of saying it is: In 646 AD (the twentieth year of Zhenguan), Emperor Taizong personally went to Lingzhou to accept the surrender of a Turkic Ministry, hence the name "Surrender City". Li Yi entered the military curtain of Du Xiquan, the governor of Lingzhou in Dezong Town, so the surrender city here should refer to the surrender city of Lingzhou.

The sand in front of Lefeng is as white as snow, and the moonlight outside the city is like autumn frost.

Huilefeng, Huilefeng: In the Tang Dynasty, Le Hui County and Lingzhou Prefecture were located in the southwest of Lingwu County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Lehuifeng is the highest peak in the area. The work Le Huifeng refers to the beacon tower near Le Hui County.

These two sentences are intertextual. Without moonlight, sand can't be as white as snow, so these two sentences should be read together.

Surrender outside the city, the moonlight is as cold as frost, and the cage shines on the yellow sand before returning to Yue Feng. In the moonlight, the yellow sand is shining with snow-like cold light.

I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night.

Reed flute: a kind of flute, a kind of "reed flute", which sounds very sad. Conscription: Soldiers guarding the border.

I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows, and people who have been guarding the border all night are looking back at their hometown.

03

Li Yi's poetry anthology integrates scenery, sound and emotion into one, forming a complete artistic whole, forming artistic characteristics of muddy artistic conception and simple and ethereal, and thus becoming one of the most classic seven-character quatrains in the middle Tang Dynasty.

The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery. The first sentence, "the sand in the wind is like snow", is a bird's eye view. The poet looked down from the broken city and saw the flat beach with wind, reflecting the brilliance like snow. The second sentence "The moon outside the city is like frost" is a top view. The night sky outside the city is frosty in Leng Yue.

"Sand as snow" and "Moon as frost" clearly describe the bleak night scene on the border, which is a metaphor for the bleak heart. The place name "Lehuifeng" is full of irony. For soldiers on the border, how can they be happy if they can't go home?

In the third sentence, I wrote, "I don't know where to play the flute." On this bleak border night, the sound of reeds sounded. The sound of this reed flute is very sad, but I don't know who played it or where it came from. It is even more puzzling.

The first three sentences first arouse the continuous homesickness with bleak visual scenes, and then lead the undercurrent of homesickness to the flood of emotion with bleak auditory images. Through the comparison of the first three sentences, the emotion of the poem has reached the position where it has to be sent.

However, Yi Lee found another way here, and let the emotions that had to be sent make a detour at the end. With imaginative expression, he painted scenes that made people look forward to their hometown, which made people feel endless and memorable, and came to an abrupt end.

On this bleak border night, a sad melody of the reed flute kept the border soldiers awake all night. They all sat up and looked forward to their hometown. The poet did not directly express his homesickness, but his homesickness permeated the whole world, although he was solemn and silent.

Comments on "Adding Tang Poetry to Pick Money": Sha Fei is full of moonlight, and his eyes are sad. When he hears the sound of embarrassment, some people are homesick.

04

According to previous comments, Li Yi's poems have won the charm of Wang Changling, the "master of the four wonders". Wang Changling is the representative poet of the Seven Wonders in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and Li Yi is the representative poet of the Seven Wonders in the Middle Tang Dynasty. There was only one Anshi rebellion in the middle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but the weather and charm of poetry were different.

Wang Changling has a poem "Join the Army", which is full of homesickness.

The new sound of pipa dance is always the old love.

I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.

Comparing the two poems, it can be said that the artistic conception is far-reaching, and the two poems set each other off, but the weather and charm in them have already had a different flavor.

Joining the Army by Wang Changling in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is also about homesickness, but The Bright Moon shines on the Great Wall has its own atmosphere. However, Li Yizhi's poems, such as Sand as Snow and Moon as Frost, contain a declining flavor in sadness.

The Anshi Rebellion changed the mentality of the Tang people, the grandeur in the prosperous times gradually disappeared, and the inner feelings became more complicated.

Of course, what I am talking about here is the meteorological difference of poetry, not the difference between high and low. Wang's poems and Li's poems are undoubtedly the best in Tang poetry.

Wen | Xie

Intensive reading of 300 Tang poems 044: Li Yi's Watching the Rural Wall and Listening to the Flute at Night