Marshal Chen Yi's mourning poems were specially recorded to commemorate the national mourning:
Just relax. It's a big deal. People's Chai City Festival is colorful.
July this year marks the 82nd anniversary of the birth of China. When people look back on those stormy years, the first thing they should remember is the founder of the epoch-making, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao in South Chen Bei Lee.
■ Chen Duxiu wrote to ask about the name of the party, and Li Dazhao made a decision: "Call * * *!"
Li Dazhao, whose name is Shou Chang, is from Daheituo Village, Laoting County, Hebei Province. Born in 1889, he entered a private school and was familiar with the history of four books. From 1905, he entered Yongpingfu Middle School opened by the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, and two years later he was admitted to the newly opened Beiyang Special School of Law and Politics. The outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 deeply influenced him, and he began to care about the country and the people. After graduation, he was admitted to the famous Waseda University in Japan on 19 13, and entered the political undergraduate course.
During his three years in Japan, Li Dazhao carefully read the works of Kawakami and Yukio Qiushui, the disseminators of early Japanese socialist thoughts, and got in touch with Marxism, but his thoughts were also compatible with other thoughts. After returning to China, he joined the New Culture Movement, founded newspapers in advance, and served as a librarian in Peking University, the birthplace of China's new ideas. After comparing and testing in social practice, knowing the news of the victory of the Russian revolution, we finally established the communist belief from 19 18, and thought that only this truth could save China.
1965438+On May 4, 2009, students in Beijing spontaneously held a patriotic demonstration, and Li Dazhao made a speech to encourage and rescue the arrested persons. At the beginning of the following year, he discussed the party building with Chen Duxiu and supported Deng Zhongxia, a student of Peking University, to organize an early communist organization called "Kangmuyizhai" (English Communism, the homophonic word for communism). In the spring of the same year, Chen Duxiu wrote to ask whether the party name was called "Socialist Party", and Li Dazhao replied in the last sentence: "It is called * * *!"
192 1 the first congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Shanghai in late July, but Li Dazhao was unable to attend the meeting because his colleagues at school needed him to solve their livelihood. In August of the following year, Li Dazhao went to Shanghai to call on Sun Yat-sen, and put forward the proposal of joining the Kuomintang on behalf of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which was approved and became the matchmaker for establishing the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. At the first national congress of the Kuomintang in 1924, Li Dazhao, a "cross-party", became one of the five members of the presidium. In the same year, he led comrades across the northeast border to Moscow to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International, and visited there for five months. Later, he returned to Beijing as the secretary of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China and was wanted by warlords as the captain of the "Northern Red". 1926, 18 In March, he took risks, presided over an anti-imperialist meeting and led a mass demonstration to petition the Duan government, and was shot and slaughtered by the military and police. Li Dazhao, who was at the front of the queue, suffered head and hand injuries. After escaping from danger, he led the organs of the North District Committee to escape into the barracks next to the Soviet Embassy, where he led the struggle against imperialism and warlords.
■ Warlord Feng strangled Li Dazhao for 40 minutes with an imported crane. In old China, it was common for exiled warlords and politicians to take refuge in foreign embassies. Western powers imposed double standards on the Chinese Communist Party's entry into the Soviet Embassy, and encouraged vassal warlord Zhang to break international practice and break into the search. Someone called the police in advance. After all, Li Dazhao was born as a scholar and underestimated the sinister situation without shifting.
On the morning of April 6, 1927, Beijing military police were released by foreign defenders in the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang, raided the Soviet embassy and arrested Li Dazhao and others. In prison, Li Dazhao suffered from nail peeling, but he remained firm. Confronted with the condemnation from all walks of life and the call of celebrities for rescue, warlord Feng killed 20 arrested people with a gallows newly imported from Western Europe on April 28th, and especially used the method of "three-stranded execution" to prolong Li Dazhao's pain. Strangulation lasted 40 minutes. Li Dazhao was 38 years old.
Li Dazhao is a posthumous child. He lost his mother when he was three years old. He has neither brothers nor sisters. The famous * * * man left a photo before his execution: his broad forehead was clean, his expression was natural under his thick black eyebrows, and his square face was peaceful, but under his wrinkled gray cotton robe, a thick black chain was hung. ...
■ "Nan Li" initiated the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which was the representative of China's most advanced ideology and culture from the beginning. This is the basic principle of materialism. In our country with a glorious history and deep suffering, a figure like Li Dazhao was born, which broke the dawn for Chixian County, which was sleepless at night. Advanced ideas have never been produced on the basis of advanced productive forces, nor can they come from backward soil like the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Boxer Rebellion. In modern times, China people who wanted to save the nation were frustrated with the old ideological weapons, and they sought the truth from abroad. Eight-Nation Alliance's brutal invasion brought the old system of the Qing Dynasty close to collapse, the imperial examination was abolished at the beginning of the 20th century, and foreign studies focusing on new learning appeared on the land of China, and Li Dazhao just became the first generation of students. At that time, China people saw that Japan could learn from the West and get rich quickly. Around the Russo-Japanese War, tens of thousands of young people, including Li Dazhao, went to Japan to study. Although the Japanese invasion of China was the most serious disaster, China students came into contact with advanced culture there and sprouted the earliest rational anti-imperialist revolutionary thought. China's Marxism–Leninism works were first seen by pioneers of new ideas and also translated into Japanese, among which Li Dazhao was the most brilliant representative. What Li Dazhao saw in a country with developed productive forces was in sharp contrast with the tragic situation of his native China. After returning home, he is fully qualified to be among the upper class and enjoy the splendor, but he is willing to give up everything, preferring to dedicate himself and ignite the flame of revolution to transform all the old things, just like Prometheus who stole the skyfire in Greek mythology.
According to the timetable, Li Dazhao was the first person to spread communist thoughts in China before Chen Duxiu. He also took an active part in the New Culture Movement, called for science and democracy, and attacked the stale old system. The the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party Organization founded by Li was the representative of China's most advanced thought and culture from the beginning, and pointed out the direction of China society for future generations.
■ Among the celebrities in the Red Chamber of Peking University, only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu's attitude towards Mao Zedong was an exception at first.
19 18 10 Li Dazhao's colleague in Peking University, Professor Yang Changji (Yang Kaihui's father), led a tall young man to look for a job in the library of the Red Building (located at the seaside in Dongcheng District). During the first conversation, Li Dazhao felt that the young man named Mao, Mao Zedong and Runzhi had a great talk and a great knowledge, and agreed to arrange him as an assistant with a monthly salary of 8 yuan. Since then, Mao Zedong has been auditing philosophy and journalism classes while working, always wanting to ask celebrities for advice. However, he later recalled to Si Nuo that "everyone ignored me" and "they were too busy to listen to a library assistant speaking southern dialects."
Among the celebrities in the Red Chamber of Peking University, at first only Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu's attitude towards Mao Zedong was an exception. As an academic authority, Mr. Shouchang, who enjoys a world-renowned reputation, has always been willing to support ambitious young people. He often visits this subordinate with only a secondary normal education, not only asking questions, but also often recommending new books and introducing famous teachers such as Hu Shi. After contact and in-depth discussion, many scholars also feel that this library assistant with a strong accent in Hunan has extraordinary aspirations and opinions, and is willing to communicate with him wholeheartedly.
Li Dazhao is four years old and Mao Zedong is four years old. When he first arrived in Beijing, Mao Zedong broadened his horizons, got in touch with communist ideas and mastered the methods of comparing and distinguishing various factions through Li Dazhao's introduction and providing learning conditions. Later, Li Dazhao presided over the work of the Communist Party of China in the north for a long time, and was surrounded by the first generation of promising young people such as Deng Zhongxia, Gao, He Mengxiong and Chen Yi at the beginning of the founding of the Party. Although the age gap is not very big, everyone regards Li Dazhao as a loyal elder and is willing to accept his teachings at ordinary times. They also asked him to solve internal disputes and contradictions. Li Dazhao is well-deserved to be called the mentor of China's revolutionary mentor.
■ Li Dazhao disguised as a coachman and escorted Chen Duxiu out of the city. The two discussed the party building on the Beijing-Tianjin road.
Since ancient times, Zhao Yan has been a bold and heroic person, and Li Dazhao has also been deeply influenced by this wind. Trust friends and relatives, comrades-in-arms and even workers around you, and do not hesitate to undress when encountering difficulties. His wife is a fellow villager, a few years older than him. She has no education. After studying abroad, Li Dazhao, as a literary celebrity, was advised to dismiss this worthless woman. He flatly refused and always respected and cared for each other. There are many warlords, politicians and reactionary literati who hate Li Dazhao, but no one attacks his personal morality.
19 19 In June, Chen Duxiu, who was recognized as the leader of the May 4th Movement, was arrested by the Beijing warlord government. Li Dazhao contacted all walks of life to rescue him. In the autumn of the same year, Chen Duxiu was apparently released, but was placed under house arrest. Li Dazhao studied with other volunteers and decided to send him to Shanghai to play the leading role. As Chen Duxiu can't speak the northern dialect, it is difficult to get out of the city under the surveillance of police detectives, so Li Dazhao decided to personally escort him. In June 5438+the following year 10, he disguised himself as a coachman, took out the skills he learned in the countryside as a teenager, and took a covered carriage to his apartment in Chen Duxiu. When you meet the city gate, you can calmly deal with it, and then go straight to Tianjin pier along the path. On the way, Li Dazhao negotiated with Chen Duxiu to build a communist party. They reached a consensus and decided to split up north and south. China's first article was written on a carriage on the Beijing-Tianjin Road. 1920 In March, Wei kinski, director of the Far East Bureau of the Communist International, came to China to contact China revolutionaries. He first went to Beijing to find Li Dazhao. After talking, they reached an agreement to establish * * *. Later, Li Dazhao introduced Wei kinski to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu, which established international contacts for the early organizations in China. On May 1 day of the same year, Li Dazhao led 500 teachers, students and workers of Peking University to hold a conference to commemorate the International Labor Day, and made a generous speech at the conference. After the meeting, two cars were used to insert red flags and leaflets were distributed in the city. Since then, the party's revolutionary banner has been flying on the land of China. Li Dazhao's running activities are often followed by spies, but he is always contemptuously dismissed as a "dog" and fearless. His monthly salary at Peking University is as high as that of 250 yuan. Besides maintaining a simple family, he spends all his money on parties or helping the poor around him. When the family was killed, there was no money left, and the wife and daughter depended on the friendly support from all walks of life. 1933 After Tomb-Sweeping Day, Li Dazhao's coffin was sent to Wan 'an Cemetery in the western suburbs for burial by teachers and students of Peking University. Although the 3rd Regiment of the Kuomintang Gendarmerie suppressed it like a tiger, and even shot at the funeral procession, more and more people from all walks of life in the city gathered spontaneously, and the wreaths they raised stretched for one kilometer on West Chang 'an Avenue. It can be seen that Li Dazhao's character and demeanor remain in the hearts of the people!