Someone has always read Chang Shuo as "Chang Shuo". In fact, the origin of this pronunciation is Shandong dialect, and the word "spoon" is pronounced "say". So there appeared a pronunciation of "Chang Shuo". Actually, this pronunciation is not in the dictionary.
Lu Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period was located in the northeast of Laiwu.
The site of the Battle of the Long Spoon is located in the open area of Fiona Fang, four or five kilometers west of Laiwu Shanzhai, Shandong Province, which can be reached from Laicheng to the northeast 19 kilometers. Surrounded by mountains in the south, north and east, the terrain is gentle and easy to deploy. This place is also famous for its wars in history. Long spoon is a very old name. 1 1 century BC, the king of Wu destroyed the Shang dynasty, and the adherents of the Shang dynasty migrated to various places. This part of the adherents was called Changping and came to the foot of the mountain. Because this is a place where people live for a long time, people call this place a long spoon and it hasn't changed since then. Laiwu where the spoon is located is even more beautiful. As an important birthplace of Qilu culture, there are many historical sites. In addition to the "Battle of the Long Spoon" site, there are the well-preserved Great Wall of Qi, the Qilu Oracle bones site which is more than 400 years earlier than the Great Wall of Wan Li in Qin Dynasty, and the Laiwu Campaign Memorial Hall with profound mining and metallurgy history and culture, which is innovative in scale and vividly reproduces Laiwu's Millennium style.
Introduction to the Battle of the Long Spoon In the early Spring and Autumn Period of China, Qi Huangong, who had just ascended the throne, refused to accept Guan Zhong's suggestion, practiced politics at home, established diplomatic relations with foreign countries and waited for action. In the spring of the 13th year of King Zhouzhuang (684 BC), he sent troops to attack Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu paid attention to rectifying internal affairs, won the trust of the people and was determined to resist. Cao Gui, a resourceful scholar in the state of Lu, fought against Zhuang Gong. According to the situation that Qi is strong and Lu is weak, Lu Jun joined forces with Qi in Changshou (now northeast of Laiwu, Shandong, and north of Qufu). The two armies arrayed themselves, and Duke Zhuang of Lu tried to strike first, but Cao Gui stopped him. When the Qi army saw that the Lu army was on hold, it attacked again and again, but it didn't work. The Qi army was exhausted and demoralized. Lujun has a solid position and high morale. Cao Gui saw a favorable change in the battlefield situation and suggested that Zhuang Gong fight back. The soldiers of the Lu army rallied and defeated the Qi army. Duke Zhuang was eager to pursue, fearing that the Qi army would pretend to be defeated and ambush. He got off to see the rut marks of the Qi army and got on the bus to see the banner of the Qi army. He found that the Qi army was defeated, so he suggested that the Qi army pursue it with 56 attacks and eventually expel the Qi army from Shandong. In the history of China, this war is famous for winning by the defensive principle of attacking the enemy first.
Historical Background The Battle of the Long Spoon took place in the spring of the 13th year of King Zhouzhuang (684 BC). It was a battle between the two vassal States of Qilu in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and it was also a famous war case in the history of our country.
Since Zhou Ping and Dong Wang moved to Luoyi in 770 BC, the history of China has entered the Spring and Autumn Period of vassal annexation and great power hegemony. Qi and Lu were both important vassal States in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were adjacent to each other. In the turbulent situation at that time, various contradictions inevitably occurred, and the intensification of contradictions and conflicts will inevitably lead to the result of war between the two countries. The battle of the long spoon is the product of this special historical condition.
At that time, Lu was based in Qufu (now Qufu, Shandong Province) and located in the southwest of Shandong Province. It maintained the tradition of rites and music in Zhou Zong society and occupied a second-class position in the country during the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with Qi, its territory and national strength are at a relative disadvantage. As for the State of Qi, it is the fief of Lv Wang, Jiang Taigong, which governs the vast area in the northeast of Shandong, with Linzi as its capital (northeast of Zibo, Shandong). The land there is fertile and rich in fish and salt. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Taigong implemented a series of correct policies, such as "simplifying etiquette because of its vulgarity", "developing economy according to local conditions", "promoting talents", "cultivating monasteries" and combining etiquette and law. As a result, it developed economically and had great strength. It was the leading power in the East from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. It is against this background that the battle of the long spoon broke out.
In the winter of 686 BC, there was a turmoil in the court of Qi State. Qi Xianggong's cousin, Gongsun, killed Xianggong in ignorance and made himself king. A few months later, he killed Sun Ignorant Yong, making the throne of Qi empty.
At that time, Xiao Bai, the son in exile, and Gong Zijiu, the younger brother, both wanted to take the opportunity to return to China to inherit the throne, so there was a battle for the throne. As a result, his son Xiao Bai ascended the throne first and took the lead in entering this country. He is the famous Qi Huangong in history. Miyako, on the other hand, was unlucky and lost his life in this power struggle. Guan Zhong, an important counselor, was also transferred to Qi Huangong by Luo Zhi, and later became an important founder of Qi Huangong's hegemony.
Lu was on Gong Zijiu's side in this internal struggle of Qi, and once publicly sent troops to support Gong Zijiu's return to China to reign. But the result was a dry battle, and the defeat was like a mountain. What Lu did led to the further intensification of the contradiction between Qilu and Qilu, and I was even more worried about it and refused to let it go, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Long Spoon War.
After the spring of 684 BC, after consolidating the throne, he decided to attack Lu on his own, regardless of Guan Zhong's dissuasion, in order to avenge Lu's feud of supporting Gong Zijiu's restoration, in an attempt to conquer Lu and expand Zhang Qi's power. Duke Zhuang of Lu was in power at that time. When he heard that the Qi army was attacking on a large scale, he decided to mobilize the whole country to fight against the Qi army.
Just as Duke Zhuang of Lu was preparing to send troops to fight, there was a man named Cao Gui in Lu who thought that the ruler was incompetent and had no long-term plans. He couldn't bear to see his country being ravaged by the Qi army, so he went to see Zhuang Gong and asked to participate in the war.
Cao Gui asked Zhuang Gong what he relied on to fight against Qi. Duke Zhuang of Lu said that clothes and food should always be given to his deputy, and he dared not enjoy them alone. Cao Gui pointed out that this is only a small favor, which cannot be applied to the whole country, and the people will not contribute to the fighting. Duke Zhuang of Lu also said that he was very devout to the gods, and he never dared to make a false report about the sacrifice to the gods of heaven and earth, and he kept his word. However, Cao Gui believes that keeping a little faith in God may not touch the gods, and God will not bless them.
Duke Zhuang of Lu thought for a moment, and then said that although he could not handle civil prison proceedings in a penetrating manner, he would certainly handle them wisely. At this time, it is the monarch's responsibility to do good for the people and have the basic conditions for a showdown with Qi. To this end, he asked to go to the battlefield with Lu Zhuanggong, and Lu Zhuanggong agreed to this request, allowing him to take a car with himself to go to Changshao.
According to the objective situation that Qi is strong and Lu is weak, the Lu army joined forces with the invading Qi car in Changshao (now north of Qufu, Shandong, northeast of Laiwu). Both armies are ready for a decisive battle. After the disposal, Duke Zhuang of Lu was ready to order drums to attack the Qi army, hoping to strike first. When Cao Gui saw this, he quickly dissuaded him, suggesting that Zhuang Gong hold his ground and wait for an opportunity to break the enemy. Duke Zhuang of Lu accepted Cao Gui's suggestion and held his ground for the time being. The Qi army, eager for success, took the initiative to launch a fierce attack on the Lu army with its strong military superiority. However, its three consecutive attacks were defeated under the strict defense of the Lu army, which failed to achieve the goal of preemptive action, but led to the decline of its own combat power and low morale. When Cao Gui saw that the time had come, he suggested that Zhuang Gong fight back. Zhuanggong listened to his suggestion and ordered the Lujun to attack on all fronts. Lu Jun's morale was high, and he rushed to the enemy bravely and quickly, which dispersed the traffic of Qi Army and defeated Qi Army. Seeing that the Qi army was losing ground, Zhuang Gong was anxious to order the pursuit, but was dissuaded by Cao Gui. Cao Gui got off the bus and looked at it carefully, and found that the rut marks of the Qi army were disordered; He boarded the bus and looked into the distance. He saw the flag of the Qi army stagger, only to find that the Qi army was really defeated. Only suggested that Duke Zhuang of Lu go after him. Duke Zhuang then ordered the pursuit of the Qi army, further attacked the Qi army and drove it out of the border of Lu. The Lu army won the final victory in the battle of the ladle. After the war, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked Cao Gui why he could win the war. Cao Gui replied, "It is courage that fights with soldiers. When the drum is played for the first time, the morale is the strongest; The second drum charge, morale will drop; By the time the drum was played for the third time, the morale was completely gone. After beating drums three times, the morale of the Qi army has been completely lost. On the contrary, our sergeant's morale is very strong. If we counterattack at this time, we will naturally defeat the Qi army in one fell swoop. Then he explained the reason why he didn't pursue it immediately: Qi is a powerful country after all, and we can't treat it lightly, but we should be careful of its feint and ambush to avoid undue failure. Later, seeing that their ruts were chaotic and their standards were skewed, they boldly suggested pursuing the battlefield. These words made Duke Zhuang of Lu convinced and nodded again and again.
Zuo Zhuan records that in the spring of ten years, Qi Shi attacked me. Men can fight, please see Cao Gui. His fellow countryman said, "If a meat eater seeks it, what's the point of Jian?" He said: "Carnivores are contemptuous (bǐ), and they can't have foresight." Then they went to the court to see the duke. Q: "Why fight?" Qi Huangong said, "If you have enough food and clothing, you can divide people." Yes, I said, "Xiao En is not generous, and people are obedient." Qi Huangong said, "Give jade and silk (bó), and if you dare to add it, you will be loyal." Yes, I said, "Little faith is not blessed (fú), but God is blessed." The duke said, "Although we can't visit a small prison, we must show compassion." Yes, he said, "Loyalty belongs to you. You can go to war. If you fight, please follow. "
Multiply it. Fight for a long spoon. Zhuang Gongzheng wants to order drums. He said, "Impossible." Wait until Qi Jun hits the drums three times. He said, "Not bad." Qi Jun was completely defeated. Their duke ordered the horse to be chased by the horse. He said, "Impossible." Looking at it, Deng Shi looked at it and said, "Not bad." So, the pursuit of Qi Jun was pursued.
After winning, the king asked him why he won. Yes, he said, "It takes courage to fight. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted. I am tired, I am surplus, so I will overcome it. A big country is unpredictable and frightening. " I thought it was a mess. I hoped it was weak (mǐ), so I drove it away. "
The reason for the victory can be seen from many words and deeds of Cao Gui's pre-war decision-making, battlefield command and post-war analysis. It is inevitable that Lu Army will win the battle of the Long Spoon. Before the war, the rulers of Lu made political preparations to win the trust of the people and created favorable conditions for launching military operations. In combat, Duke Zhuang of Lu was able to listen to Cao Gui's correct operational command with an open mind, follow the principle of active defense and the enemy being exhausted, correctly choose the battlefield, and correctly grasp the opportunity of counterattack and pursuit, thus firmly grasping the initiative of the war and winning a major victory in the campaign.
Obviously, although the scale of the battle of the Long Spoon is not large, it correctly reflects the basic laws and principles of the weak army fighting against the strong army. Therefore, it has always been praised by military strategists in past dynasties. The battle of the ladle is a rare setback in the history of hegemony and a rare victory for Lu in the long struggle. This has certain influence on Qi Huangong's adjustment and improvement of its hegemonic strategy.
Name of Laiwu Street in Shandong Province
Changshao Road is located in the middle of Laicheng, which is the passage from Jinan to Laiwu, one of the most important traffic arteries running through the north and south of Laicheng, and also the "gateway" section of Laicheng urban area.