1, understand the concept of abbreviations and matters needing attention.

2. Master the requirements of abbreviations and the methods and skills of commonly used abbreviations.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching: methods and skills of shortening sentences.

Teaching preparation: teaching courseware

Teaching process:

First of all, what is abbreviation?

Abbreviation is to shorten a long sentence with "countless branches and leaves" into a short sentence with only "trunk", but it cannot change the main meaning of the original sentence. Like a big tree, all the branches and leaves have been removed, leaving only the trunk.

Abbreviation is a common problem in the middle and senior grades of primary schools. The training of abbreviated sentences can make students know the basic structure of sentences more clearly and better understand and master the main meaning of sentences, but many students find abbreviated sentences difficult. The teacher will summarize the principles and skills of simple sentences as follows.

Two, abbreviation, we should pay attention to three principles:

1, without changing the meaning of the original sentence;

2. Don't change the structure of the original sentence;

3. Abbreviation is still a sentence.

Third, the methods and skills of shortening sentences

1 Ask yourself and answer yourself. Grab the trunk.

By asking yourself questions, grasp the trunk of the sentence "Who does what?" What happened to who? Or "how about what?" You can abbreviate sentences quickly.

For example, by asking yourself questions, grasp the trunk of the sentence "Who does what?" "Who is wrong?" Or "how about what?" You can abbreviate sentences quickly.

For example, the boys in Class 4 (3) are playing football on the playground.

(Who-what do boys do-play football)

Abbreviation: Boys play football.

For example, the maple leaves on Xiangshan Mountain are slowly turning red. What's wrong with the maple leaf?-It's red.

Abbreviation: Maple Leaf Red.

Both "de" and "de" have been deleted, and the supplementary explanation elements after "de" have also been deleted.

Here comes the beautiful spring girl. (Beautify Miss Chun, remove the decorative elements) Abbreviation: Miss Chun is here.

This deer runs very fast. ("Fast" is used to limit the deletion of "Run") Abbreviation: Deer Run.

Another example is "Xiao Ming jumped up." The word "jump up" is a supplementary explanation of the degree of "worry" and should also be deleted. This sentence is abbreviated as "Xiao Ming is in a hurry."

3. Quantifiers have been deleted. There are three apple trees in the yard. Remove the quantifier "three"

Abbreviation: There are apple trees in the yard.

4. Phrases expressing positions should be completely deleted.

For example, "We swim in the clear river.

Abbreviation: "We swim."

In addition, sentences such as "Xia", "Zhong", "Wai" and "Zhong" are also expressed.

When used as an adverbial, all phrases indicating direction cannot be retained. The word "zai" should be removed together with the adverbial after it. "

3. Keep the words "same", "same" and "same".

After the verb "zhe" indicates that the action is in progress. The verb is followed by "le" to indicate that the action has been completed. The verb is followed by "Guo" to indicate that the action has passed.

"I visited the beautiful Guilin. If it is simplified to "I visit Guilin. Are you here to travel, or have you been here before? Did not make it clear.

It can be seen that the words "zhe", "le" and "guo" after the predicate cannot be removed.

4. Negative words such as "no, nothing, nothing" should be kept in sentence abbreviation.

For example, "I didn't find my schoolbag in the house." It can only be simplified to "I can't find my bag".

If it is reduced to "I found the bag", it means the opposite.

7. The modal particles such as "ah, mom, ah, that" after the object in the sentence should be kept.

If removed, it may change the tone and mood of the sentence.

The heavy rain last night was really a timely rain!

It should be abbreviated as: this heavy rain is timely!

Only in this way can the original sentence and the abbreviated sentence be consistent in emotion and tone.

8. Keep the necessary ingredients.

For example, the outstanding students in our class always actively and enthusiastically help the underachievers.

If condensed into: "students help students." Then the meaning is blurred.

It can only be condensed into: "Excellent students help backward students.

Keep two additional components "excellent" and "backward". The meaning is clear.

9. The words "Ba" and "Bei" in the Ba sentence and the Bei sentence should be retained.

Dense foliage blocks the sun.

Shrinkage: branches and leaves block the sun.

For example, the rushing Yellow River water was stopped by the dam.

Shrinkage: The Yellow River water was stopped by the dam.

Fourthly, summarize the methods and skills of abbreviated sentences.

First, we should keep in mind the three principles, ask ourselves and answer ourselves, and grasp the backbone.

Two or three were deleted:

1. Delete the modifiers "di" and "de".

2. Delete quantifiers.

3. Delete the positioning phrase.

Three or four reservations:

1, "zhe" and "guo" should be kept.

2. Keep the negative words.

3. Mood auxiliary words should be kept.

4. The necessary ingredients should be kept.

5. "Ba" and "North" should be kept.