A seedling on a thousand slopes
Zhu Youtang's eldest son, Zhu Houzhao, ascended the throne at the age of 15 and reigned for 16 years. Since Zhu Youtang only married one wife, Zhu Houzhao, the eldest son, has unquestionable inheritance rights. At the same time, Zhu Youtang tried to bring Daming into Hongzhi Zhongxing, leaving Zhu Houzhao a rich family business. He had a happy childhood, a standard rich second generation, grew up in the world and enjoyed the love of his parents. In the Ming Dynasty, princes usually became monks at the age of seven or eight, Xiaozong himself became monks at the age of six, and Zhu Houzhao later became monks at the age of eight. In other words, from the age of 8 to 15, Zhu Houzhao received at least 7 years of strict education.
Zhu Houzhao likes poetry and painting, and he is proficient in music. He "writes poems without thinking" and "can sing by himself and be peeped by songs". He is good at talking about the essence of philosophy, religion, Taoism, Muslims, Tibetan Buddhism and many other religions, and can communicate skillfully in many languages, but he has never been addicted to any religion. On the contrary, he compares and comments macroscopically with a detached eye.
These records are very different from Zhu Houzhao's illiterate Ming Dynasty.
Military-promote your own emperor.
He claimed to be Zhu Shou, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs general of the Governor's Office, and later sealed himself as Lord Zhen. This is indeed a ridiculous thing, but we can also see that Zhu Houzhao is lovely.
Ming Shi Lu tells the story of Wuzong patrolling the northwest and marching all the way: "I arrived in Xixiang from Fu Xuan, traveled thousands of miles back and forth, boarded a war horse, bent my bow and arrow, hurried through the snow, and prepared for an adventure. I have a company to follow, but I don't resist. The believers in Yan Temple are sick and tired, but they don't feel tired. Zhu Houzhao gradually strengthened the emperor's control over the army, improved the command system of the army, and enhanced the fighting capacity of the Ming army to a certain extent.
In October of the twelfth year of Zheng De (15 17), Wu Zong was very happy to learn that the little Mongolian prince Kouguan had attacked. He arranged it himself, hoping to have a big battle with the little prince, that is, the "Yingzhou War". The fighting was fierce, and the Ming army was once surrounded by Mongolian troops. Seeing this, Wu Zong personally led the army to rescue the Ming army. The two sides fought more than a hundred times, during which Wu Zong lived and died with ordinary soldiers, and even personally killed one enemy, which greatly boosted the morale of the Ming army. In the end, it was difficult for the little prince to win alone and lead the army westward. The Ming army won a rare victory, which is called "Yingzhou Victory" in history. It is believed that Ming Yingzong led 200,000 troops to be captured by the Mongolian army in the "Civil Fort Change", and this time he led 560,000 people to face 450,000 Mongolian troops and won a military victory. It is the direct result of this campaign that Mongolian soldiers dare not commit crimes for a long time. Moreover, in this battle, Wu Zongqin arranged the command, and his tactics were correct and his command was correct, which reflected his high military command ability. The battle of Yingzhou became the most brilliant moment in Wu Zong's life. Although later generations have many doubts about this "Yingzhou Victory", it is a fact that in the years after this war, the Mongolian Little Prince Department did not go south on a large scale. Among all the Ming emperors, except Judy, Zhu Houzhao was the only one who could lead the army to the front.
As an old man in Jintang, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty restarted the Kansai Intelligence Network and set up the Baoou Square, which helped the Ming Dynasty get out of the mother tongue circle and had a very clear understanding of the relationship between enemies and friends. In the thirteenth year of Zheng De, Toulu Fan invaded Suzhou. Chen Jiu, the garrison minister, left six king's lottery coins, so he took advantage of people's danger and attacked the three cities of Rufan, killing tens of thousands of prisoners. So that Zhu Houzong often tells his ministers about the deeds of Ming Wuzong: "When the army is deployed, they will perform well, and those who tell their stories to this day can be punished." "When the emperor's great-grandfather took the frontier fortress test, his brother also shocked him, but he was bullied at home and humiliated by thieves outside, but he was punished."
Zhu Houzong: When Emperor Gaozu toured the border on the first day of the exam, his brother also shocked him from a distance. However, he was bullied at home and bullied by thieves abroad. We can decide what to do and what to do. Anything you have heard so far can be taught.
Chairman Mao: I am most angry when I look at Ming history. In the Ming Dynasty, except for two illiterate emperors, Ming Taizu (Zhu Yuanzhang) and Ming Chengzu (Judy), Ming Wuzong and Ming Yingzong did better, and the rest were bad people and did bad things.
incumbent
During Hongzhi period, Chen Wen Group was used to controlling the emperor. In the early years of Ming Wuzong, there was a fierce collision between Chen Wen Group and Eight Tigers Group represented by eunuch group. The literati group originally wanted to take advantage of the unstable foundation of the eunuch group headed by Eight Tigers to defeat the emperor's secretarial team and complete the control of the emperor. Although Liu Jin fell in the fifth year of Zheng De, in the process, a large number of important officials in Hongzhi period successively took office and sacrificed Liu Jin, which was not the victory of the literati group, but the victory of Zhu Houzhao. It is intended to eliminate some trivial matters, streamline personnel and ease the sharp contradiction between courtiers and imperial power. After Zhu Houzhao came to power, Liu Jin just "cooked a dog to hide a bow". Later, Qian Ning and Jiang Bin were just another way of evolution of eunuch group. After this game, the literati group realized that they could not control the emperor himself and wanted to cooperate with him.
Wu Zong built a leopard room next to the Forbidden City and played in it every day. Although he didn't go to ouchi, he often went to court to listen to politics, criticize the throne and decide state affairs. When he didn't want to go to court, he conveyed his imperial edict through etiquette supervision and ordered the cabinet to carry it out. Even when he was far away from Fu Xuan, although the minister was not allowed to come, he emphasized that the memorial should be sent to Fu Xuan one by one. Therefore, although Wu Zong is absurd, he is not confused at all on major issues.
During the reign of Zhu Houzhao, there were also many famous ministers, including cabinet record Liu Jian, yi pin University Xie Qian, cabinet record Li Dongyang, Huagaidian University Jiao Fang, Wenyuange University Wang Chang, Taibao and cabinet record Yang Tinghe, Zuo Duyu, official department minister and Wenyuange University, official department minister Cao Yuan, Guanglu doctor and prince Liang Chu, Liu Zhong, cabinet record and cabinet record. With the help of these famous ministers with outstanding talents and prestige, Zheng De's political situation is quite stable.
Influenced by his father, Zhu Houzhao did not do badly in reducing local taxes and reducing people's burden. This is a set of data: in Zheng Deyuan, the annual currency of Suzhou and Hangzhou weaving decreased, and the tax and grain in Shaanxi disaster area were exempted; In the third year of Zheng De, he helped Nanjing and Fengyang famine. In six years, Zheng De exempted the "refugee riots" in southern provinces from taxes and grain for one year; In the fourteenth year of Zhengde, Nanzhili was tax-free and grain-free, providing housing, grain, seeds and cattle for refugees in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and Huguang provinces for five years ... Although the tax reduction was not as good as Hongzhi, Zhengde's tax reduction was still very wide and lasted for a long time, and it was only a handful in the Ming Dynasty.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the construction of disaster relief mechanism tended to be perfect, from emergency disaster relief, disaster reporting, disaster investigation to relief and pension, a set of strict disaster relief procedures was basically formed to deal with global climate change. Zheng De's flood relief was rapid and powerful, while Wanli's flood relief was slow and ineffective. After Zheng Deshui's disaster, under the leadership of Governor Qin Jin, the Chief Secretary and the Inspection Department sent various officials, such as governors, grain managers and civil guards, to "personally survey the homes of the extremely poor soldiers and civilians in the affected counties and put them in granaries for food relief", indicating that there were emergency relief measures at that time. Being able to organize emergency rescue, on the one hand, shows that local officials attach great importance to disaster relief and are highly organized, on the other hand, it also shows that there are ways and channels to obtain disaster relief funds and food. Before Wu Tingju became the prime minister of Huguang, Governor Qin Jin organized and led the emergency relief work of Huguang, which effectively controlled the deterioration and spread of the disaster, and there were few serious famines in large areas. However, after the flood in Henan Province in May of the 21st year of Wanli, due to the frequent changes of the governor, the organization and leadership of the previous disaster relief work were weak, and the disaster situation deteriorated out of control, which eventually led to a large-scale famine from the winter of the 21st year of Wanli to the spring of the following year, and cannibalism occurred in various places. Wanli has been through many battles, so it is really a waste of time to pay attention to the tactics of famous soldiers or the strategies of famous ministers. Zheng De's feudal economic potential has been greatly released, and its production efficiency and social organization ability are better than Wanli's.
love
Zhu Houzhao has nine officially awarded concubines, but Zhu Houzhao has been playing outside for a long time, without giving birth to a son and a half. Egged on by my favorite, I collected a large number of women who can sing and dance, as many as ten cars.
This may be a feature of the Ming Dynasty. Many emperors in history have love stories, and there is also a love story in Zhu Houzhao that goes down in history, that is Liu.
Liu Liangnv, the wife of Yang Teng, the Duke of Jin, was the Queen of Liu recorded in the Ming Dynasty, and was very much loved. When King Ning rebelled, Zhu Houzhao made a personal expedition, so it was inconvenient for the army to travel with the harem. Queen Liu was sent to Liuhe area. She gave her hairpin and agreed to take it with her when sending someone to pick it up. Wang Yangming quickly put down Ning Wang's rebellion. He accidentally lost his hair clasp while riding across the river, so he sent someone to pick up Queen Liu because there was no one. Zhu Houzhao was very happy when he arrived in Nanjing and saw the Big Buddha Temple. He gave a lot of money and sometimes used the signature of Queen Liu. Empress Liu is arrogant and not charming. When she fell in love with riding and hunting in Yangzhou, Zhu Houzhao, she persuaded herself to give up the idea of visiting places like Sichuan. Empress Liu has never been named. It is possible that Zhu Houzhao died too early before he was awarded this title. This woman is very lucky. After Zhu Houzhao's death, she didn't settle accounts with Jiang Bin, Zhu Houzhao's minion, and lived until Jiajing. After her death, there were special graves and funerary objects. Her mausoleum is located in Balitun, northeast of Changping, Qing Dynasty, facing Kangling from a distance. During the Qianlong period, her tomb was stolen and a large number of treasures were dug up. The grave robber was caught by the county magistrate, and this was known.
Rebellion of captaincy and refugee uprising
Maybe Zhu Houzhao hit too hard and made the captain think it was an opportunity. Anhua Jian and Zhu respectively rose up to rebel, but Zhu Jian's rebellion was put out in 35 days with 100 servants. Zhu was described as NB in later TV dramas, but he was also released by Wang Yangming with a group of militia in 43 days. It didn't cause much trouble.
During the period of Zheng De, the population of Ming Dynasty increased sharply, land annexation was serious, and a large number of farmers went bankrupt. Liu Liu Liuqi Peasant Uprising broke out in Zhili area. At first, Liu Liu Liu Qi robbed the rich and helped the poor, and was called "horse thief". In October of the fifth year of Zheng De (15 10), they launched an uprising in Bazhou, and thousands of peasants responded. The following year, the insurgents attacked Shandong from Hebei, and later attacked two capitals from Shandong. It lasted for three years before and after the uprising, and moved to Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Huguang and other vast areas. As Zhu Houzhao mobilized the border guards to suppress, the refugee army was gradually eliminated.
With the population pressure and land annexation, the Ming Dynasty began to develop the Sichuan-Tibet border, Huguang mountain area and southwest provinces, which opened the process of naturalization in southwest China.
Eight tigers
Eight eunuchs, including Liu Jin, Zhang Yong, Gu Dayong, Ma Yongcheng, Qiu Ju, Luo Xiang, Wei Bin and Gao Feng, formed an inner-dynasty group that could compete with foreign dynasties. Because Liu Jin played too much, Liu Jin was abolished and Jiang Bin and Qian Ning were supplemented. Zheng De always relied on the knives and wallets of the staunch controllers of the Inner Korea, which was also an important reason for his suffering. During Zheng De's administration, it remained stable.
conclusion
According to the troika theory, the handle, purse and pen are absurd to Emperor Zheng De, but the handle is firmly grasped and the purse is tightly covered, so the overall operation of the foreign dynasty is not sincere and normal. The problem in the middle of the Ming Dynasty was basically the same. Zhu Houzhao didn't actually give a qualified answer to these problems. For rural people, what Zhu Houzhao did was not as affordable as his father Xiaozong. Zhu Houzhao is not an excellent monarch, but he is not the king of national subjugation in many people's minds. After all, because there is no son, no one wants to put in a good word for him after death.