Yue Xixin, geologist and deposit scientist. In his early years, he worked in the Three Gorges, Sichuan, Xinjiang and other places, studying paleontology, investigating mineral geology such as oil, natural gas, coal, iron, lead, zinc and gold, especially the study of oil and gas structure in central Sichuan, and made great contributions to the design of the first oil and gas drilling in China and the discovery of Weiyuan gas field. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he made a comparative study of coal measures strata, coal-bearing property and mining structure in the platform depression zone, and discovered large coal mines such as Fengcheng in Jiangxi, which made great contributions to the general survey and exploration of concealed coalfields in Huaibei Plain, Qidaogou in Jilin and Panzhihua Iron Mine in Sichuan, and also made great achievements in the scientific and technological management of geology and mineral resources and the formulation of rules and regulations. And presided over the compilation of "China Coal Resources" and "1:2.5 million China Coalfield Geological Map".
Chinese name: Yue Xixin.
Birthplace: Jilin City
Occupation: geologist, mineral deposit scientist
Representative work: China coal resources.
Biographical notes
1911was born in Jilin city, Jilin province on August 8. 193 1, admitted to the physics department of Peking University.
1933 to Peking University Geology Department.
65438-0937, graduated from the Geology Department of Peking University, and was admitted to the Central Geological Survey Institute of Nanjing Ministry of Industry. Successive interns, technical assistants, technicians, technicians.
1947 works in Beiping Branch of the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.
65438-0950 Deputy Head of Fuel Group of China Geological Work Plan Steering Committee.
1952 Deputy Chief Engineer (later Chief Engineer), Department of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology. Deputy director of editorial board of geological journal.
1953 Join China Association for Promoting Democracy.
1957 Member of the Academic Committee and Deputy Director of the Editorial Board of the 30th Council of geological society of china.
1962, editorial board of geological society of china 3 1 Council.
From 65438 to 0979, he served as the executive director of the 32nd Council of geological society of china and the editorial board of Journal of Geology.
1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
198 1 * * Joined China.
1982 Member of Science and Technology Advisory Committee of Ministry of Geology.
1984 honorary director of the 33rd Council of geological society of china.
From 65438 to 0988, he served as an advisory member of the Science and Technology Senior Consulting Center of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.
1994 passed away in Beijing on August 30th.
all one's life
Yue Xixin, 19 1 1, a native of Jilin City, Jilin Province, was born on September 29th. My ancestral home is Linqu, Shandong. My father Yue Sheng fled to Jilin City to settle down. He started as a shoemaker, then opened a shoe store and bought a house and land. After graduating from primary school, Yue Xixin entered the science class of Jilin No.1 Middle School and received a good education with excellent results. 193 1 After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the Physics Department of Peking University, and 1933 was transferred to the Geology Department of our school. The faculty of this department is abundant, including famous geologists grip, Li Siguang, Ding Wenjiang, Xie, etc. He and his classmates Lu, Guo, Ye Lianjun,,, Jia Xiang later became celebrities in the geological field (he, Lu, Guo and Ye Lianjun were all elected academicians of China Academy of Sciences).
1937 In the summer, Yue Xixin graduated from the Geology Department of Peking University with a Bachelor of Science degree and was admitted to the Central Geological Survey of Nanjing Ministry of Industry. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way. He first moved to Changsha and then moved to Beibei. He served as an intern, technical assistant, technician and technical director in the institute. 65438-0947 to work in Beiping Branch of Central Geological Survey of Ministry of Economic Affairs.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), Yue Xixin worked in the General Bureau of Mineral Exploration of the National Geological Work Plan Steering Committee and served as the deputy head of the fuel group. The Ministry of Geology was established in 1952, and served as the deputy chief engineer of the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry, and later as the chief engineer. 65438-0982 Member of Science and Technology Advisory Committee of Ministry of Geology. From 65438 to 0988, he served as an advisory member of the Science and Technology Senior Consulting Center of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.
Yue Xixin joined geological society of china in his early years. 1952- 1956 deputy director of editorial board of geological journal. 1957- 1962 Member of the Academic Committee and Deputy Director of the Editorial Board of the 30th Council of Ren Xuehui (in charge of Geological Journal). 1962- 1979 Ren Xuehui 3 1 Editor of the Board of Directors. 1979- 1984 executive director of the 32nd Council of Ren Xuehui, editorial board of the Journal of Geology. Honorary director of Ren Xuehui since 1984. He is also a member of the International Sedimentary Society.
1980 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
Yue Xixin joined the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy on 1953, and later became a member of the Central Senate Committee. 198 1 * * Joined China. 1964 was elected as a deputy to the Third National People's Congress, and 1978, 1983 and 1988 were elected as members of the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh CPPCC respectively.
General inspection
At the end of 1930s, with the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs moved to Yuexixin, Beibei, Chongqing, its directors Huang, Ceng Shiying and Zeng Dinggan led the study of Mesozoic strata and oil-bearing structures in Weiyuan, Zizhong and Zigong in central Sichuan. They surveyed 10 more than 50,000 geological maps and many profiles. He himself published a paper entitled "Study on the Structural Phenomena in the Middle of Sichuan Weiyuan Anticline", and discussed the short-axis anticline and dome structure of Weiyuan, pointing out that these structures provided good conditions for the storage of oil and natural gas. He and Huang jointly published the article "Unconformity between Triassic and Jurassic in Weiyuan, Sichuan", pointing out that the existence of Indosinian movement in Sichuan Basin is reflected in the unconformity between Triassic Leikoupo system and Jurassic artesian well system. On the basis of this research, the Resources Committee of the Ministry of Economic Affairs drilled a deep well in Weiyuan, which is the first deep oil and gas drilling in China. Up to now, the gas source of Weiyuan gas field is still strong.
In the early 1940s, Yue Xixin and Mi Taiheng were invited by the Gold Mining Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to visit the placer gold mines in Jinghua and Maogong counties (now Jinchuan County and Xiaojin County) in the upper reaches of the Dadu River in Sichuan. Their investigation report was later included in the "Chuankang Special Issue, Gold Series" published by the Gold Mining Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. In this report, the topography and traffic in this area are discussed first. Then talk about geology and minerals. The strata in this area are mainly Triassic Xikang metamorphic slate and Paleozoic metamorphic volcanic rocks. Indosinian and Yanshanian granites invaded Xikang and Paleozoic strata, and there were a large number of chronological veins and pegmatite veins. Gold comes from timely veins, while rock gold is produced in a few places. The most important gold mine is gold mining, and placer gold is produced in gold-bearing gravel layer.
Large-scale and small-scale mining of Jinchuan placer gold mine first began in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty in the18th century. The gold-bearing gravel layers in this area are actually distributed in terraces with different heights on both sides of Jinchuan River. The highest is Machang gravel layer, the middle is "gravel layer for promoting leaching" and the lowest is "Russian hot gravel layer". After investigating the placer gold of various gravel platforms, they came to the conclusion that the most extensive gravel platforms (such as Machangping and Gedan). Areas where placer gold is concentrated should be selected.
From 65438 to 0943, Yue Xixin, Guan Shicong, Mi Taiheng, Ma and Song Shuhe went to Xinjiang to investigate geology. A Brief Report on the Preliminary Investigation of Xishan Iron Mine was written, and it was recorded that the shallow hills of Xishan in Urumqi are Jurassic conglomerate, sandstone and shale strata, which are in fault contact with the Permian strata in the south. There are 20 layers of iron ore and 10 layer of coal in Jurassic strata, and the thickness of single layer is not too large. The main mineral composition of iron ore is siderite, which is layered or intermittent pod-shaped, lenticular and nodular. The grade of the former is often lower than that of the latter, and its iron ore reserves are over 75,000 tons. It is pointed out that further exploration should be carried out in the southwest extension direction of ore series to expand the prospecting prospect. In Xinjiang, Yue Xixin participated in the investigation and study of marine stratigraphy paleontology, Wuqia oil seedling, Wuqia limestone disseminated lead-zinc mine and Wuqia Kangsu coalfield in the west of Tarim Basin, and completed a series of special reports. Among them, the most important is "Geology of Xinjiang Wuqia Kangsu Coalfield" co-authored by him and Mi Taiheng. This paper discusses in detail the strata, structure, scale and development points of Jurassic coalfield in Wuqia Kangsu area, which is of great significance to Xinjiang area, which lacks fuel.
During the period of 1947- 1949, Yue Xixin worked in Beiping Branch of the Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and also investigated the geology of Datong coalfield with a long history. As a result, the peripheral prospect of this ancient coalfield was expanded and a single-layer coal seam with a thickness of more than 20 meters was found. It is also pointed out that there is kaolin in the interlayer of coal seam which can be used as ceramic raw material. At the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the central government adopted the correct policy of focusing on developing the Northeast first, and then promoting the whole country with the Northeast. In the early 1950s, Yue Xixin also actively participated in the geological and mineral survey in Northeast China. He and Wang Shui investigated the Qidaogou iron mine in Tonghua, Jilin Province, and determined that it was a Precambrian sedimentary metamorphic manganese-rich iron mine, and submitted a formal report. After formal development, the mine has become one of the important iron-rich raw material bases in Angang.
1952, after the establishment of the Ministry of Geology, Yue Xixin led young geologists to Jiangxi to look for coal and worked in a large area of coal-forming belt in Le (Xiang) Ao, Beiping, Jiangxi. It is found that the Permian coalfield near Fengcheng County is simple in structure, and the coal-bearing strata and coal seams are quite stable, which is beneficial to the production of large coalfields. They telegraphed the Central South Geological Bureau in time, quickly transferred rigs and drilled many coal seams. Fengcheng coalfield alone has found nearly 100 million tons of reserves within 500 meters. Later, it was explored to a depth of 1000 m, and the reserves doubled again. The development of this coalfield has played a great role in solving the problem of coal shortage in Jiangxi Province.
In Huaibei Plain, there is no outcrop of coal-bearing strata, but according to the exploration experience of Huainan coal mine, the geological conditions and coal-forming laws of Huaibei Plain, Yue Xixin predicts that there may be large coal mines hidden in this area. The production department is afraid of more groundwater and is unwilling to explore. Yue believes that Huaibei is close to the industrial developed areas lacking energy in the south, with convenient transportation, which is conducive to coal transportation. So he insisted on exploration and discovered a large coal field, which later became an important coal production base in Anhui. Due to the practice of Yue Xixin and the vast number of coalfield geologists, the empirical formula for coal prospecting in the plain area of North China platform naturally came into being: "Ordovician limestone+great plain = concealed coalfield" (because the Carboniferous-Permian strata containing coal are often falsely integrated on Ordovician limestone).
Zhejiang is also an extremely short of coal, and the leaders of this province have always insisted on finding coal within the provincial jurisdiction. West Zhejiang and North Zhejiang have done a lot of work and built railways, with little effect. After investigation, Yue Xixin thinks that the geological structure of Zhejiang is complex and the geological conditions of coal formation are poor, so it is not worth spending too much money to "find fish by the tree". Therefore, he suggested to negotiate with Anhui Province, which is rich in coal, to allocate Guangde coalfield near the border of Zhejiang Province to Zhejiang Province for mining. Later, Anhui Province agreed, thus alleviating the urgent need for coal in Zhejiang Province. As a result, the strange situation of "the land belongs to Anhui and the land belongs to Zhejiang" appeared in Guangde coalfield.
While leading and participating in the practice of national coalfield geological survey and exploration, Yue Xixin often makes theoretical discussions and summaries. Participated in the Second National Congress of geological society of china held in Beijing from February 5th, 65438 to February 5th, 65438 17. At the meeting, he read out the paper "Carboniferous-Permian Coal-bearing Deposition of China-Korea Platform" co-authored with Wang Zhiwei and Korea. It is pointed out that during the tens of millions of years from the Middle Carboniferous to the Early Permian, rich coal mines were deposited on the platform of China and Korea, and the deposition thickness increased southward, with the maximum thickness exceeding 1000 meters. The marine facies and land-sea intersection of the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation were confined to the south, and gradually changed into continental facies to the north. The lower Permian Shanxi Formation and its subsequent sediments belong to continental facies. The sedimentary center of coal is roughly distributed in the northeast-southwest direction, and gradually moves south according to the times. At the time of sedimentation, the paleotopography was high in the north and low in the south, belonging to quasi-plain type, with uplift or depression zones in some areas. Gradually transition from west to south to platform margin depression or piedmont depression zone. The metamorphic degree of coal is the highest in the central part of the platform, and the marginal part is lower. The central region also shows a banded metamorphic distribution pattern from northeast to southwest. Magmatic intrusion related to the late tectonic fault zone produced local high metamorphism. In this paper, according to the sedimentary characteristics of coal-bearing series, the metamorphic law of coal and the structural characteristics caused by subsequent orogeny, the Sino-Korean platform is divided into six coal-bearing areas: (1) Yinshan foothill area; (2) Shanxi basin area; (3) Erdos District: (4) Helan Mountain-Qiu Zi Mountain Area; (5) Hehuai Plain; (6) Hexi Corridor. The characteristics of these areas reflect the different differentiation of platforms in the development process.
196 1, Yue Xixin published a paper on the distribution law and coal prospecting direction of southern coalfields, which divided the southern coalfields into two types-platform type and coal basin type.
He proposed four coal prospecting directions:
(1) The old coal field should be extended outward to expand the prospect;
(2) Looking for thick coal seams, especially the Lower Carboniferous and Lower Permian;
(3) Pay attention to the geological structure of coalfields and look for large coalfields on the gentle wings of asymmetric folds;
(4) Pay attention to the changing law of coal quality, that is, the law of coal metamorphic depth.
In particular, he stressed the need to make great efforts to find hidden coalfields, and warned people not to focus only on the traditional Late Permian and Jurassic in the era of coal-bearing strata, but also to pay attention to Carboniferous, Early Permian, Early Tertiary and Late Tertiary. He also pointed out that looking for coal should try to meet the needs of production, construction and daily life in terms of area, quality and quantity.
In the early 1960s, Yue Xixin also instructed Wang Shaowei and other young geologists to compile the Forecast Coal Map of China1∶ 3 million, which was later expanded to1∶ 2.5 million when it was published in 1996, making great contributions to the national coalfield survey, and the map also won the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals.
In the 1980s of reform and opening up, the Department of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ministry of Geology proposed to conduct a coal prospect survey, one of which was the study of coal basins, mainly to analyze the sedimentary environment and study the law of coal accumulation. Facing the new task, Yue Xixin extensively consulted the documents of various countries in the world, personally translated more than one important paper 10 on foreign sedimentary environment and related issues, and vigorously introduced the world's advanced achievements, new concepts and new theories for colleagues' reference.
Combining with domestic scientific practice, he put forward several new understandings:
(1) The size, thickness and even quality of coal formed in different sedimentary environments are different.
(2) The China platform has experienced many large crustal movements, and the platform has split, from large to small, and the coal-bearing basin has gradually become smaller. Stable platforms often have thick coal seams, while movable platforms have quite thick coal-bearing strata and many coal seams, but the strata are very thin and have little economic value.
(3) The piedmont depression and the interior of the basin are favorable places for the accumulation of thick and large coal seams;
(4) Paleoclimate is also an important factor that must be considered. He is not superstitious about the traditional theory of marginal depression and coal formation advocated by predecessors, but is keen to establish a new theory that adapts to the geological conditions of coal fields in China.
Technical management
Since 1950s, Yue Xixin has done a lot of leadership and management work in mineral exploration, presided over and participated in the formulation and revision of 10 several important geological work specifications and some solid mineral reserves specifications. On the basis of summing up the experience of general survey and exploration of various genetic types of deposits, he put forward some major revision opinions or compilation opinions on some of them, such as the Specification for Mineral Survey, the Specification for Regional Geological and Mineral Survey of1∶ 50,000, the Specification for Mineral Reserves of Coal, Gold and Manganese, and the Specification for Hydrogeological Exploration of Mining Areas, which made the specifications more conducive to improving the exploration effect of mineral resources. He and his colleagues not only learn from the advanced experience of the Soviet Union, but also take its essence and discard its dross. For example, experts from the former Soviet Union mechanically demanded that more hydrological drills be deployed in areas with high reserves; Yue Xixin and others pointed out that it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and determine the number of hydrological drills according to specific hydrogeological conditions.
1959 is the 10th anniversary of China's National Day. All production and construction departments, teaching and scientific research units have systematically summarized the achievements. Yue Xixin also published the article "Ten Years' Geological Survey and Exploration Results of China Coalfield", pointing out that during the First Five-Year Plan period, China has discovered 54.4 billion tons of industrial reserve, which fully ensured the needs of coal industry construction during the First Five-Year Plan period, and at the same time, the geological work of coalfields during the First Five-Year Plan period has preliminarily solved the problem of uneven distribution of reserves in different regions. Mainly by finding some high-quality large coalfields in coal-deficient provinces in the south, it has played a very good role in reversing the "North Coal Transportation to the South". It is also pointed out that some new technologies and methods have been adopted in the general survey and exploration. For example, geophysical exploration methods (electrical method, seismic method, etc. ) is used to find hidden coalfields, electrical logging is used to find coal seams lost by drilling, and electrical logging is used to delineate goaf with old holes. In addition, the washability and coking of coal are further studied by using coal petrography method combined with laboratory test and process test, and the coal seams are compared by using sporopollen, spectral analysis and sedimentary cycle. All these new technologies and methods have greatly improved the quality and effect of the work. Finally, the paper points out the direction of future work, especially paying attention to finding hidden coalfields in areas with convenient transportation and large Quaternary deposits, so as to make the coal producing area as close as possible to industrial or consumption areas to ensure the sustainable development of national construction.
Yue Xixin's evaluation of the achievements of grassroots geological prospecting departments is realistic and strictly controlled. In the early 1960s, the State Reserve Committee hired him to review the Detailed Investigation Report of Weibei Coalfield Reserves. He saw that this report only explored the deep main coal seam and abandoned the shallow coal seam. His opinion is that the results of this "revision" should not be recognized. Almost at the same time, before the development and production of Panzhihua Iron Mine in Sichuan Province, the detailed investigation report of Panzhihua Iron Mine was reviewed on the spot in Dukou City, and some people proposed supplementary exploration. After carefully reviewing the exploration report, Yue Xixin thinks that their exploration work is very good and meticulous, which can completely meet the needs of mine construction, and there is no need to make up the work and increase the workload. The successful adoption of the report ensured the timely production of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company.
During the period of reform and opening up, in order to further understand the financial base of China's coal resources, so as to formulate energy policies for the country and provide basic scientific basis for the rational planning and layout of the coal industry, Yue Xixin made every effort to organize and lead the coal resources prospect survey in key provinces and regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan until his old age. He not only organized and led a new round of national coal resources prospect prediction, but also further systematically studied the coal accumulation law, coal quality characteristics and metamorphism law in China's main coal accumulation period, and demonstrated the rational development and utilization of coal resources in China.
Yue Xixin has profound academic attainments, rich work experience, diligence, rigorous scholarship, respect for science, adherence to principles, decent style, honesty and tolerance, self-discipline and strong party spirit. /kloc-0 died in Beijing on August 30th, 994. His brilliant academic achievements and lofty moral demeanor are the most precious wealth left to future generations.