Buddhist temple gate
The mountain gate was built on a platform by the river, with an altitude of 75.56 meters. In the Song Dynasty, there were two stone horses in the mountain gate. Before Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, it was the "Imperial Palace". In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), Zhao, a government official in Chongqing, saw that the palace wall of the imperial palace had collapsed due to years of wind and rain, so he advocated rebuilding it and transforming it into a stage, and wrote an inscription.
Donghu County Records contains artistic records. In the Record of Statues of Xiuwu Houci and Building Huangniu Gorge, written by Wang Baixin in Jiazi Year of Tongzhi (1864), the whole article talks about repairing Wuhou Houci and repairing the old statues, without mentioning the sentence that the mountain gate was destroyed or rebuilt by the flood. This shows from one side that the mountain gate has withstood the test of 1860 Yangtze River flood after its completion. However, from the existing Huangling Temple 1874, Huang Zhaomin recorded, "When I arrived at the temple, the mountain gate was closed. After nine years of Tongzhi, I was soaked by water and the rubble piled up. " According to the records, it can be inferred that the gate of Huangling Temple was destroyed by the Yangtze River flood in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870).
The existing mountain gate of Huangling Temple was rebuilt in winter in the 12th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1886). It's a brick-wood structure, a frame structure. There are thirty-three and eighteen stone steps outside the mountain gate, which means thirty-three days and eighteen layers of hell.
Yuwangdian
This temple is the main building of the existing complex of Huangling Temple, which is built on a platform19m higher than the foundation of the mountain gate. It is a double-eaved, bucket-type wooden structure with eight citron rooms. Originally, it was a gray tile roof with five bays, width 18.44m, depth 16.02m, net column area of 295.4m, ceiling height 19m, ceiling height17.74m. It covers an area of 4,000 square meters. The inscription on the Liang Fang reads: "In the afternoon of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Meng Dongji was ordered by a doctor to learn that Wu Congzhe, the judge of Yiling County, wanted to serve a minister from three places and wait for a good man in this town to build together." The small tablet on the pedestal of the golden pillar in the main hall, commonly known as the seven-inch inscription, is still faintly visible. "Forever and ever" is vertically engraved as "Daming Garden Huguang Jingzhou House returned to the state for forty-six years □ month". Under the eaves in front of the temple, the inscription reads "Forever Bow", and the inscription reads "Xin Sinian worships the title of Ji Chun Qi Yue Hitachi Wang Hui". The inscription on the eaves is "Ding Ding Jiang Lan", and the inscription is "Gan Long is fourteen years old, and the title of Luo Zige has been combined with the book".
1983, when the planned overhaul of the wangyu temple in Huangling temple was carried out, experts in ancient architecture made a scientific investigation and demonstration of the temple, and pointed out that "according to the inscriptions on the beams in the temple, it was rebuilt in the forty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming dynasty (16 18), many times during Yongzheng, Qianlong and Guangxu periods in the Qing dynasty, and in the seventeenth year of Guangxu." The single building is mainly composed of three parts: the inscription, the wooden frame and the roof ... The three parts of the main hall are all complete Ming Dynasty originals. This is the basic conclusion that Wang Yu Temple suffered two floods in the history of the Yangtze River, 1860 and 1870, but it was not destroyed.
The relics, relics, hydrological inscriptions, historical records and folklore preserved from Huangling Temple can also prove that Wang Yu Temple was not destroyed by the catastrophic flood at all.
The 36 nanmu columns of Wang Yu Temple preserved traces of Chengjiang silt at the same elevation as 1870, reaching 37 meters. The flood affected the railing, and the plaque "Forever Gong Xuan" under the eaves was flooded by 47 cm. The column is obviously black and yellow, and the upper end that is not submerged by the flood is black, which is the true color; The flooded lower end is pale yellow, and the cracks on the surface of the cylinder are coated with Chengjiang mud. According to experts from the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the water level of the Yangtze River flood in 1870 was 8 1. 16 meters above sea level, and the second flow was 1 1 10,000 cubic meters. During the maintenance period of 1985, through scientific investigation, it was confirmed that the waterlogging marks on 36 south columns of the main hall were the historical records of the flood level of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in 1870. 1985, in the process of restoring the oil ornaments of Wang Yu Temple, considering its important position in the hydrological history of the Yangtze River, especially in the northeast corner of the temple, two pillars were left unpainted and protected as important hydrological relics.
Quyuandian
1860 flood does not involve this temple, 1870 flood depth 1 m. This temple was built on a platform 27 meters higher than the Wang Yu Temple. It was built in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, rebuilt in Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, and was demolished and burned by the 30 th Army of the Kuomintang during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
Zushidian
Also known as Buddhist Temple, 1870 When the flood rises by three levels or 50 cm, water will enter this temple. The temple was built on a platform15m higher than the base of Quyuan Temple. According to A Visit to Huangling Temple, the temple was built in the Ming Dynasty, and most emperors of the Ming Dynasty believed in Taoism. The situation of destruction and defeat is the same as that of Qu Yuan Hall.
According to Yang Changming, an old man who became a monk in the temple in his forties (local, 1995 died), before the Anti-Japanese War, the owner of the temple was Kuande, the Japanese army occupied Yichang, and the Kuomintang army retreated to the temple and drove all the monks away. Wang Yu Temple was not demolished for storing rations and horses, but Quyuan Temple and Buddhist Temple were demolished and burned. According to the older generation, the flood in Lao Geng Wu Year (1870) was very serious. The waist-deep water in Quyuan Temple would have flooded the Buddhist temple if it had risen three levels. Marquis temple
Worse than the flood of 1860, it was destroyed by the flood of 1870. The building was built by later generations to commemorate Zhuge Liang's merits in rebuilding the Huangniu Temple. The date of construction is unknown. According to the artistic records in Donghu County Records, Zhuge Liang was sacrificed behind the statue of Dayu in Wang Yu Palace in the late Ming Dynasty, which was built by Qin Liangyu (1574~ 1648). Thirty-five years ago (1772), there was a temple dedicated to Zhuge. So, in the third year of Tongzhi (1864), Nie Guangjian, the magistrate, together with the incumbent Dae-Young Kim, said, "There is some gold, and the owner has ordered to restore the old image. If it is completed as before, it will be easy for those who are leaking citron tiles and those whose walls are crumbling to notice the appearance of Danqing Temple ... "
In the third year of Tongzhi (1864), Wuhou Temple was completely destroyed by the flood in 1870, and the inscription written by Luo Qinshen in the thirteenth year of Guangxu (1887) was embedded in the inner wall of the temple: "In the second year of Guangxu, a lifeboat was built, which was revered in the temple and Wuhou Temple because of Xianfeng Geng.
Wuhou Temple was rebuilt by Luo Jin in the 12th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1886). It turns out that it is located on the left platform of Wang Yu Temple, just in line with the front eaves of Wang Yu Temple, and its foundation is 70cm lower than that of Wang Yu Temple. The building covers an area of 155.6 square meters, with a width of 12.2 meters, three bays and a depth of 12.58 meters, and four bays. Frame-type brick-wood structure, single eaves hard roof, small blue tile roof, 9.6 meters high.
1983, when the maintenance plan of Wang Yu Temple was drawn up, experts, in view of the fact that Wuhou Temple was close to Daxiong Hall, not only destroyed the dignified and spectacular image of Daxiong Hall, but also hindered the erection of Daxiong Hall, so they moved the original Wuhou Temple to the northeast corner behind Daxiong Hall, forming another axis. Building area160m2. The statues and murals showing the historical stories of the Three Kingdoms in the temple are lifelike, and the statue of Zhuge Liang with a black ribbon scarf hanging in the fluttering tent reproduces the image of Zhuge Liang's resourcefulness.
Huang Yu Pavilion
After ten years of Xianfeng and two floods in nine years of Tongzhi, the pavilion has collapsed.
This pavilion was originally built on the left side of Huangling Temple, 200 meters apart, commonly known as "small temple", while Huangling Temple is "big temple". Pavilion base is 42 cm lower than Wang Yu Temple. In the 19th year of Guangxu reign in the temple (1893), the inscription "Preface to the Completion of the Reconstruction of the Jade Emperor Pavilion" said: "There is a Jade Emperor Pavilion 90 miles upstream of Yiling, which is a grand view of cattle. The palace is magnificent and immortal with Huangling Temple, which has been more than a hundred years ... "It can be seen that the pavilion was built later than the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and it passed through Xianfeng decade and Tongzhi nine years twice. The appearance of the temple has been destroyed, but there is still a monk's tomb in Xianfeng for four years (1854) behind the pavilion. The tomb is in the shape of a stone tower, which has experienced two major floods, 1860 and 1870, but has not been overturned.
Huang Yu Pavilion, rebuilt in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), was destroyed by termites in 1954, and its present site still exists. The flood level records of the Yangtze River in 1860 and 1870 preserved in the ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Huangling Temple, as well as "A Visit to Huangling Temple" written by Mabatuluro 1874, an assistant pipeline engineer of Dudufu, Yichang, Hubei Province, and the title of Qin prefect in 1887.
The flood records in Yichang Prefecture Records and Donghu County Records are basically consistent with the relics, remains and historical and hydrological inscriptions preserved in the ancient buildings of Huangling Temple.