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Quxian Yanwu resume
Zhang Fei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the most familiar and favorite figures for readers. Surprisingly, in the past half century, among thousands of research papers on Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are only about ten monographs on the image of Zhang Fei, far less than the studies on Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Guan Yu, and even less than the studies on Liu Bei and Zhao Yun. Is it because everyone is too familiar with Zhang Fei, so there is not much to say? Is it because Zhang Fei's personality is not rich enough to write new ideas? I don't think so. I once wrote: "Zhang Fei in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a hero with more folk color and street flavor, and an artistic image full of flesh and blood." Here I want to make a deeper discussion on the formation and evolution of this image. First, judging from the limited historical materials such as The Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and Zhang Fei Biography, Zhang Fei in history mainly has the following characteristics: First, he followed Liu Bei for a long time, went through hardships and remained loyal. In February of the 7th year of Han Dynasty (184, the end of the year was changed to the first year of Zhong Ping), the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out. "Grandfather United his disciples in the village, and (Guan Yu) Zhang Fei resisted. Ancestors are plain facies, feather and fly are other branches, and they are divided into different branches. If the deceased Lord sleeps with two people, he will sleep together, and if he is a brother. The thick people sit wide, serve all day, follow their ancestors, and do not avoid difficulties and obstacles. " (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Guan Yu) In the turbulent years of 38 years (184-22 1), Liu Bei was repeatedly frustrated, lost his teacher and lost ground, and even had nowhere to stand under the most embarrassing circumstances. But no matter how hard it is to make money, Zhang Fei always follows Liu Bei, never giving up, never giving up, never being lazy, loyal and loyal to the sun. Second, it is magnificent, heroic and good at fighting. In this regard, there are two most prominent and famous cases. First, in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an (Shaanxi), Tso Gong entered Jingzhou and his predecessor went to Jiangnan. Zuo Zongtang pursued him day and night in Osaka, Dangyang. When my late Lord heard of Cao Gong's death, he left his wife and made Fei ride twenty horses. Flying over the eaves and breaking the bridge, he said angrily, "I am Zhang Yide, but I can die together!" " No enemy dared to approach, so it was exempted. (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Zhang Fei) In the face of Cao Jun, a triumphant and aggressive brigade, Zhang Fei, with only 20 riders under his command, did not flinch and glared at him, showing the courage of the enemy with his awe-inspiring spirit, which made Cao Jun "no one dare to approach". This is really a rare miracle in the history of ancient wars! Another example is the "Great Destruction of Zhang Tai" in the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15): Cao Gong defeated Zhang Lu and stayed in Xiahou Yuan, while Zhang Bu guarded Hanchuan. A new army went to Brazil, wanted to migrate its people to Hanzhong, entered the party music, covered the party's name, and refused to fly for more than 50 days. More than 10,000 soldiers flew in, fighting with neighboring troops from other roads. The mountain road was narrow, so they couldn't help each other before and after, and they flew to Thailand. Too abandoned Ma Yuanshan, took more than ten people out of the inferno alone, led the army back to Nanzheng, and Pakistan was safe and sound. (Zhang Feichuan) Zhang Tai is a first-class general under Cao Cao. He is alert and brave, and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. His actual prestige in Cao Cao's army is higher than that of Cao Cao's confidant Xia. Embarrassed, Zhang Fei fled to Nanzheng with only a dozen people. This is not only a great shame for Zhang Yisheng, but also the most beautiful battle played by Zhang Fei in his life. No wonder Chen Shou commented on Japan: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are all enemies of ten thousand people, and they are the tiger ministers of the world." Third, respect the virtuous, love the scholar and admire the gentleman. Zhang Fei was born without a clear history; However, judging from the sentence "Less and Guan Yu in advance" in the biography of Zhang Fei, it is obvious that the family status is not high. However, Liu Bei, one of the oldest and most meritorious founding fathers, was not satisfied with being a brave warrior. He has great respect for those who are knowledgeable, personable and spirited, and is always willing to make friends with him, which is quite a courtesy to corporal. The most popular nature is "Yan Yan": first, the Lord entered Yizhou, then attacked Liu Zhang, and went up to the county with Zhuge Liang. To Jiangzhou, the broken Zhang will be the prefect of Ba County and will be respected. Yan Fei said: "The army has arrived, how dare you refuse to fight?" Yan replied, "Qing and others invaded our state invisibly, but there were beheaded generals in our state, and no generals surrendered." Fly in anger, make the left and right pull the head. Color unchanged, said: "lick your head. What is anger and evil! " Fly strong and release it. Lead as a guest ("Zhang Feichuan") In the face of Yan Yan, Zhang Fei turned anger into joy and turned prisoners into guests. This is not something that ordinary reckless men can do. Yan Yan's willingness to be a "decapitated general" is respectable, and Zhang Fei's "being strong and letting go" is also very commendable, which is why this matter has become a beautiful talk for generations. In addition, there is another thing that is rarely mentioned: Zhang Feichang (Liu) stayed at the hotel, but Ba ignored him and flew away angrily. (Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu quoted by Liu Ba) It happened in the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei seized Yizhou, and Liu Ba joined Liu Bei soon. Liu Ba, born in a noble family, is brilliant and conceited. It is not surprising that he looks down on Zhang Fei, born in Beowulf. Zhang Fei does not pretend to be a winner, nor does he hate Liu Ba's repeated opposition to Liu Bei. Instead, he takes the initiative to show closeness because of his high surname, which clearly shows Zhang Fei's style of falling in love with elegant people. Although Liu Ba was "angry" because of his impolite attitude of "not talking to others", after Zhuge Liang's persuasion, especially after Liu Ba became arrogant and conceited, they still wanted to make up. Later generations recorded Zhang Feishan's calligraphy and knew how to paint, but it was probably the result of his long-term contact with talented people. Fourth, the personality is impatient, unfortunately. As a brave general, it is not surprising that he has experienced twists and turns, impatience and even a little impatience. However, after decades of fighting, you should at least know how to be kind to your subordinates. However, Zhang Fei just doesn't understand this. He was extremely rude to his foot soldiers and was whipped to death. This is a fatal weakness. Liu Bei has warned Zhang Fei many times: "Your punishment and killing are too bad. You whip athletes every day, and you can get both ends meet. This is also the way to take trouble. " (Zhang Feichuan) But Zhang Fei is still the same. Or take it out on subordinates at will, of course, will cause some subordinates' dissatisfaction and even revenge. Sure enough, in June of the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), just as he was preparing to send troops from Langzhong to Jiangzhou to meet Liu Bei, he was killed by Zhang Da and Fan. It's a pity that a generation of tiger generals died unexpectedly, but this is a terrible consequence of his rude personality! Chen Shou commented on Zhang: "Fei loves to respect a gentleman rather than a villain. ..... flying fiercely without kindness, taking short and losing big, and managing the number is normal. " This is really not wronged him. To sum up, Zhang Fei in history is worthy of being a generation of famous soldiers, Liang, and his personality is also very distinct; But in dealing with people, his most prominent feature is that "he loves gentlemen but not villains". In terms of thoughts and feelings, he has a considerable distance from ordinary people, and it is difficult for ordinary people in later generations to feel cordial and lovely. Second, since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the growth of the folk class and the development of popular literature and art, the history of the Three Kingdoms has gradually become a hot topic. When telling the stories of the heroes of the Three Kingdoms, people often transform history and figures according to the citizens' own historical view, moral view and aesthetic view. Under the leading tendency of "respecting Liu and belittling Cao", Zhang Fei became one of the most famous figures. Among the dozens of Yuan Zaju Three Kingdoms operas known today, Zhang Fei is the protagonist, such as flying over the government, breaking xing lin cun, breaking Lu Bu, offering three small performances, throwing Yuan samples, flying over the pomegranate garden and so on. , the number is among the best. Zhang Fei saw the yellow turban insurrectionary in Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms published in Yuan Dynasty.