Chinese name: Tang Dynasty
English name: Tang Dynasty
Abbreviations: Tang Dynasty, Tang State, Tang Dynasty
Capital: Chang 'an (now Xi 'an)
Major cities: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Taiyuan, Yangzhou, Chengdu, etc.
Currency: Kaiyuan Bao Tong
Political system: monarchy
Main ethnic group: Han nationality
Founding Emperor: Tang Gaozu Li Yuan
Last Emperor: Tang Aidi Lizhu.
The country name "Tang" is an ancient name of Jin, which generally refers to the central area of Shanxi Province today. Legend has it that the monarch of Yao is called "Tang Tao". During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a small country called Tang State in today's Hubei Province. Li Hu, the grandfather of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, was one of the Eight Pillars countries in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He was named "Duke Tang" and the title was passed on to Li Yuan. After the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan lived in Taiyuan and stayed. After the uprising, Li Yuan claimed to be the "King of the Tang Dynasty", then usurped the throne, became emperor on his own, and abolished Emperor Yangdi Yang Heng. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the later Tang Dynasty in Li Jianli in the Five Dynasties and the southern Tang Dynasty in the Ten Kingdoms both claimed to be the successors of the Tang Dynasty, and both took "Tang" as their country name. In fact, their emperor had nothing to do with the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous era. Li, a royal family in the Tang Dynasty, claimed to be from Zhao County of Han nationality, and the Li family was also a military aristocrat in Longxi. Li Shi in Longxi was a famous military general and soldier in Qin Dynasty. Li Guang, the flying general of the Western Han Dynasty, and other famous soldiers emerged in this family. In Old Tang Book and New Tang Book, it is said that Li, the royal family of the Tang Dynasty, is a descendant of the second child, and Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, claimed that Li Gui, the founding monarch of sixteen countries, was his distant ancestor. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Li followed the standard policy of Guanlong Group and changed his name to "Xiao Ye", which is a newly created surname. After the demise of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty reinstated him as Li. Xiang Da said: "The history of Li Tang's generation began with the aftermath of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and it was a new luck of civilization since the Song Dynasty. And take its essence and use its macro, in addition to attacking old cultural relics, but also picking foreign elites. The reason why the academic thought of the Song Dynasty can't be revived can't be traced back to this. " Ming Xianzong: "After three generations, governance flourished in the Tang Dynasty, but there was no chastity in the Tang Dynasty for three hundred years." "It helps people, it is great and powerful, almost out of reach. It's a pity that because of two emperors and three Wang Zhidao, it's a pity to cultivate one's morality, but it's not pure. However, those who are good at it can help them go further and climb higher. " Weber: "As the real founder of China's territory and culture, the Tang Dynasty was radiant." Wang Fuzhi: "The prosperity of Kaiyuan is beyond the reach of Han and Song Dynasties." "Before Han, after Song, they were all arrested." "In the early Tang Dynasty, people who dared to listen more were drawn from tyrants." ""Those who read history can learn from it and learn from it. Wells said, "In the 7th and 8th centuries, China was the most stable and civilized country in the world. At that time, the people of Europe were still in the religious shackles of huts and docks, and the life of the people of China had entered the realm of happiness, love, freedom of thought and physical and mental comfort. The Tang Dynasty and Sui Dynasty are regarded by historian Huang Renyu as the second imperial period of China after Qin and Han Dynasties, while Japanese historians generally believe that the Tang Dynasty was the end of China's Middle Ages. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in China's history, so China people were also called "Tangren", and today China people in the west are also called "Chinatown".
The establishment of Tang dynasty
At the end of Sui Dynasty, warlords were separated, and the people didn't talk about Tang Dynasty founder Li Yuan.
Healthy. A peasant uprising broke out at the end of Sui Dynasty. In May of the 13th year of Daye (6 17), Taiyuan stayed behind, and Tang Guogong and Li Yuan set out for Jinyang. In November, he occupied Chang 'an, made Yang Di's grandson emperor, and changed to Yining, the Emperor of Sui Palace. Tang Gaozu was appointed Prime Minister and became the king of the Tang Dynasty. In May of the second year of Yining (6 18), Li Yuan usurped Sui as emperor, made the country Tang, and the Sui Dynasty perished. Emperor Yangdi was demoted to duke, lived in Chang 'an and died in May of the following year. Tang Gaozu is Tang Gaozu. Changed to Wude, the capital is still in Chang 'an. Then, the eldest son Li was made a prince, the second son was the king of Qin, the third son Li Xuanba died young, and the fourth son Li Yuanji was the king of Qi. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to conquer the four sides and destroy the heroes of all parties (see "Tang Dynasty Unified War"). On the fourth day of June, Wude launched the Xuanwu Gate Revolution, which made great contributions in all aspects. Li and Li Yuanji were killed. Tang Gaozu was forced to abdicate because of the emperor's father. Li Shimin acceded to the throne, and Li Shimin was Emperor Taizong. The following year, I changed to Zhenguan (627-649).