(full name)

Name: Luo Yin.

Also known as Hengzi Zhao Jian.

Gender: male

Date of birth and death: 833- 909 BC

Literary period: literature of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties.

Contemporary writer: Du Xunhe Hanwo

The writer's life

The writer's life

Luo yin

Luo Yin (833-909), formerly known as Heng, was named Jiang Dongsheng. After ten unsuccessful attempts, I retired, so I changed my name to Yin. Luo was originally a famous middle-earth family. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Yongjia crossed to the south, and his family declined. He moved from Changsha, Hunan Province to New Changsha and settled in Shuangjiang Village, about one mile east of Dengxin Town. It is said that there is blue and white air on the catfish river near the village. When Luo Yin and Du Jianhui (the son of Ling Du, the general of wuyue, and later the surname of Wu Yueguo) came out, the air disappeared. There is a poem in the city: "Two unique men are extraordinary, and blue and white want to vomit."

Luo Yin lived in the declining era of the Tang Dynasty, and the imperial examination became a mere formality. Although Luo Yin's grandfather was a county magistrate, his father should have celebrated the "Kaiyuan Ceremony", but he was a poor family after all, which doomed his good fate. Shen Song, a famous scholar of Wu Yueguo, commented on him: "I was wise when I was young, but I was literate when I was young." Moreover, "I only learned ten people, all from the White House. My name is Yuxuan County, and I am famous in the world. " However, due to the lack of reference from powerful people, even the test failed. He lamented in the preface to Acts: "As a saying goes when I was young, I came to Beijing for seven years, hungry and cold, almost unlike ordinary people."

Luo Yin lived through seven dynasties: literature, martial arts, propaganda, righteousness, promise, Zhao and mourning. Wu Yue Chun Qiu said that he "failed ten times". He himself mentioned in the preface to the application for the legacy of southern Hunan: "seclusion, that is, at the end of the year, in the tribute book, only humble life, set foot in Gengyin for 12 years, depending on the change of people." It can be said that he has been an inspirational aide for most of his life, and he has traveled all over China, such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi. There is an anecdote in The Book of Songs: One day, a scholar from Luoyin went to carry it, and at a banquet in Zhong Ling, he dedicated a stunt to Yunying, a geisha. Next, after passing through Zhong Ling, it was reunited with Yun Ying Hui. Yunying clapped her hands and said, "Is Luo Xiucai still white?" Although he was ashamed of himself, he found a poem and joked, "Zhong Ling has been drunk for more than ten years, and Yunying is in the palm of his hand. I am not famous or married, but I am not as good as people. " Although it is the poet's helpless self-mockery, its taste is so bitter.

Social and political corruption led to the cruel fate of the poet. Old Master Q, a rural sage in the Qing Dynasty, criticized it well: "Ask the Li family who has been a scholar at the age of 300 since the twentieth emperor?" In the third year of Guangqi in Tang Xizong (A.D. 887), the poet got the last place in the exam again, completely despaired of the imperial examination, and decided to go east to Qianliu. At the beginning, I was ordered by Qiantang to become a secretary. Later, he became the secretary of the town navy. Later, Qian Liu was promoted to King Wu Yue, and Luo Yin was appointed as Doctor Si Xun, serving as our correspondent in Zhenhai and judge in wuyue. Finally, he transported salt and iron to the post office, aged 77.

It should be said that the poet's old age is still satisfactory. Qian Liu was born in Beowulf. It is said that Tonglu scholar Zhang was sunk because he angered him. However, he greatly praised Luo Yin, saying: "The Yellow River letter will be clarified one day, and it will be difficult for the world to continue this talent." According to the record of the West Lake Tour, there is a township in Qianjia. Fishermen in the West Lake collect several barrels of fish every day, which is called "domestic fish". The anonymous Tunxi Fishing Map said: "When Lv Wang exhibited temples, who was more like a straight hook fishing country? If you teach to plant on the West Lake. It is also necessary for' making house fish'! " So, "Qian Lan smiled and begged him." "Meng Qian's pen talk" contains: Hangzhou is newly ruled, the city base is very prosperous, and Zhejiang Shuai (Qian Liu) and his entourage are objective. Implicit refers to "but the enemy" and pretends not to know: "What's the use of setting this up?" Zhejiang Shuai said, "Don't you know you have to prepare?" Yin Heshuo said, "In that case, why not set it inside?" ..... Unconsciously, I made a patrol in Jincheng. Under the command of Wu Yong, Xu Wan and Xu Zaisi were forced to declare the death war as chaos, and then captured Midtown, only to cover the country. I have a sense of concealment and insight, and since then I have often consulted in the military. Tong Jian's notebook has the same content. After reading it, Chairman Mao criticized: "There are also military advice."

Luo Yin wrote a lot in his life, including five volumes and more than 60 essays. Lu Xun's comments on "all resistance and anger" were once banned by the court. Ji Yun didn't dare to accept it when compiling Sikuquanshu. There are more than 400 Poems A and B, which are mainly divided into two categories: one is Xia Di's poems full of grievances; The other kind of poetry is "poems about objects and poems about history", which is full of satire and warning.

In the collection of Fengzeyuan, the former residence of President Mao Zedong, there are two works, Luo Yin Collection, Luo Zhaozhong's Collection and A&B Collection, many of which are marked with dense circles by Chairman Mao. According to rough statistics, there are about 9 1 head. Comrade * * * once quoted Luo Yin's poem "The national economy is confident, and wealth is not for future generations" as an epigram, warning leading cadres at all levels to put national interests first and enhance their ability to resist corruption and change. Luo Yin's profound thoughts still shine after more than a thousand years.

Luo Yin's greatest influence on his hometown is his legendary story. The Three Integrations of Chinese Folk Literature compiled by 1988 has 14 Luo Yin legends in Fuyang volume, and 1977 the number of Luo Yin stories compiled by China Citizens' Research Association has increased to more than 50. These legends and stories fully reflect Luo Yin's strong character and outstanding wisdom, but also vaguely reveal the poet's wandering and poor life.

Attachment 1: Interpretation of Luo Yin's Poems

Zhang

Luo Yin's poems have been praised many times, with few comments and few interpretations. In the mid-1980s, Mr. Jiang Zuyi set a precedent and selected more than 200 of them. After school, the author has some fruitful works, and I want to record a few as follows. A thorn in the side, talk attracts jade.

(1) peach blossom

Warm touch skirts are lonely and fragrant, and plum blossoms cover willows.

A few branches of Yanfu Wenjun wine, half a mile of beauty and jade wall.

No one doubts. They bow their heads all day, and sometimes it's bleak after the rain.

This is still the case at the foot of the old mountain. Looking back at the east wind, my heart aches.

Peach blossoms are gorgeous and easy to wither, and there are many poems, which are often referred to as unlucky beauty and frivolous beauty, such as "Peach blossoms set each other off in red" and "Fine peach blossoms chase water". However, this poem is a self-evident work. It tells you with "indifferent fragrance" and "don't grab fragrance" that your talent is superb, but you use "Yanfu Wenjun wine" and "Beauty Song Yu Wall" to catch up with each other and Song Yu. The last four sentences turn to express their coldness and desolation, revealing infinite sadness.

"Biography of the Talented in the Tang Dynasty" said: "(Hidden) relying on the talented, arrogant, many people are quite jealous. I thought I was very useful, but when I first fell down, I passed the food to the princes ... There was a lot of resentment, as can be seen from this poem.

Mr. Jiang Zuyi's interpretation of this poem "A Work that Hurts Spring" is not bad, but it is not entirely true. Three or four of them are interpreted as "flowers are made by beautiful women and men"

(2) Willow

It's sunny on the shore, so it's hard to say goodbye.

I'm still uncertain about my flying flocks, and I'm trying to solve the problem of tripping over passers-by.

In The Book of Songs, there is a sentence of "willow trees grow into shadows", which was later used as a metaphor for friendship, while Liu Yongzhi's "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue" is famous all over the world, and "Baqiao Liu Zhe" is a model of farewell. However, Luo Yin's "Liu Yong" is out of line and creative. It's a poem, which Mr. Jiang interprets as "sighing about being homeless by catkins", but it's not. The last sentence of the quatrain should be a point, and "stumbling" is the finishing touch, mocking those treacherous people and deliberately hurting people by slandering them.

The Chronicle of Tang Poetry said that Zhao Zong wanted to use it as a branch, and a minister said, "Although I am talented, I am easy to learn. If I knew the virtue of the emperor, I would still be slandered. How can I avoid it? " ..... and then it went to sleep. "A Dream in the North" also records: I am not satisfied with it frequently, but I hate it, but I am ranked by your children. Huang Kou is calm and wants to visit the sage. Wei Yifan said, "... (hidden) If I get a general certificate in a subject, I will only be poor." Because it didn't work. It can be seen that Luo's half-life depression is also a reason for being excluded. "Try to solve the problem of tripping passers-by" is not "lamenting", but refers to reprimand.

(3) Peony flower

The east wind seems to have different reasons, and it is too high for spring.

If you teach Jieyu to pour the country, it will be ruthless and moving.

Peony and Jun are personal attendants. Where can hibiscus avoid fragrant dust?

Poor Han failed China after his success.

Peony is also called "the flower of wealth", and the poet calls it "the beauty of the country", which is a famous sentence in poetry couplets. In the sixty-third "Shouyihong Banquet" in A Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Baochai drew a peony on it and said: Ren is heartless and moving.

Cao Shi's writing style is deep, and the peony jade treasure chai is rich and graceful, which lays the foundation for the "golden jade marriage". On this basis, it is far-fetched for some people to turn the original poem into a poem praising Yang Fei. Mr. Zu Ti's interpretation of "the author uses the peony's' flower flower' as a metaphor to express his exclamation of erudition" seems to be somewhat reluctant.

According to the sentence in the poem "Cold Mausoleum" in Yiyuan Huang Ru, in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties, Han Hong stopped spreading the words of Wu Yin and began to spend his life in Chang 'an, saying, "Do I serve the children?" In detail, poetry should be regarded as a sentimental poem, lamenting the impermanence of life, wealth and splendor, and comforting myself that I can't reach my goal for many years.

(4) Mei Zi

God-given rouge wipes the cheeks, and the food is sad.

Although I didn't drink a mouthful of soup, I still tried to quench my thirst with the general.

The title of this poem is "Mei" in Ming Dynasty and "Hongmei" in Qing Dynasty. According to the first sentence, Mr. Zuyi also has a better meaning of "red plum", but this is wrong. Rinse around the ripe pedicel of plum, Asian rouge. Therefore, poetry is the fruit of Yongmei, and now it is corrected according to the Ming version.

Plum is an ordinary fruit, and the ancients often used its sour taste as seasoning. In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Wei Wu marched and pointed out that Merlin made his soldiers salivate, and "Looking at the plum to quench their thirst" was taken as an allusion. Yang Shen's Total Record of Dan and Lead in Ming Dynasty ridiculed this poem as "the mystery of officials staying in prostitution", which is totally absurd and boring. Mr. Jiang explained that "this poem says that Mei is fine, but it is also of great use", and quoted the sentence "Dai Sheng knows everything" in Qujiang Gan Chun as proof. However, Mei is also the author's self-imitation: although it is an ordinary small product, it can also be put to good use, showing the spirit of self-improvement.

(5) Komatsu

There has been a clear rhyme, and the singer of love is willing to pass it on.

If the tomb moves to the valley, it must be a monk, not a doctor on earth.

This is a poem. Wang Dezhen's Chronicle of Luoyin has not yet been written, and Mr. Zu Ti's Selected Poems of Luoyin has not been annotated. Previous people thought it was wrong to borrow pine to express one's ambition. Fine poetry, hidden in old age, "Mo Xiang" is not like self-warning, but intentional irony.

Wuyue's Northern History records that after Zhu Wen compiled the Book of the Tang Dynasty, Yin strongly persuaded Shuo to deny Liang's independence. It is said that Luo Yin was deeply influenced by Confucianism and regarded Zhu Wen, who stood in the Tang Dynasty, as a heresy. In his "Two Poems on the Father of Marshal Qiantang in Spring", he said that "if there are many purple beards, there are graceful roses", which is also intended to praise Qian Liu as a three-point sun quan.

Wang Songying-lin's Notes on Sleepiness said: "Luo Zhaojian said in Song Yong:' If the tomb is moved to the valley, it must be a noble person, so he will not be a doctor on earth. "His ambition is also sad, and his loyalty can be seen. He regards Du Xunhe, who is a slave to Zhu, as dirt."

Although the viewpoint is slightly biased, the understanding of this poem can be described as incisive.

(6) The emperor was lucky in Shu.

Qing Xiang in Mawei Mountain saw Luan Yu returning to Shu.

People under the spring should have a saying: "Don't blame Yang Fei this time!"

This poem was written around the age of 50. In 88 1 year, he fled chaos and moved to Shu, repeating the story of his ancestor Xuanzong more than 100 years ago. The poem is obvious, ridiculing the ruler's incompetence in governing the country, but putting the blame on the "female disaster." It is absurd for some predecessors to mistake "one person" for posthumous title of Xuanzong. Xuanzong's nickname "Shun" is similar in sound, but a person is a real person. Tang Zheng's "Miscellaneous Notes on Ming Taizu" contains that there is a female singer in Xinfeng City who is good at dancing "Ling Bo Qu" and often enters the palace. Yang Fei is very thick. Yi, a contemporary poet, befriended Yin, and wrote poems such as "Ming Taizu Bieman Dance" and "Dragon Pool". Zhu, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, said, "If you let Ming Chengzu see you that day, there will be no plan for a man." Wu, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty, also mentioned this woman. It is said that Xie Aman died of a "horsetail mutiny".

Mr. Jiang Zuyi, a fellow countryman, once said that "a certain man was another name of Xuanzong and Yang Fei before his death" (Journal at Home and Abroad, No.55, published by new york, USA, 1984), and his meaning was vague, but when he annotated Selected Poems of Luo Yin (published by Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987), he determined that "a certain man" belonged to Yang Fei.

Therefore, poetry is not only a mockery of the Nuo school, but also a far-reaching purpose, that is, through a man's mouth, to blame Xuanzong for the country's mistakes, and to blame Feiyang.

Attachment 2: The schools of Luo Yin's poetry creation and their influence on later generations.

Wang Yuanyuan

In the late Tang Dynasty, there were many schools of poetry with different styles. Poets have different attitudes towards social reality, so their creative tendencies are different. Among them, besides Luo Yin, there are poets such as Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Dugouhe and Nie. They are realistic poets.

Pi Rixiu, whose name is Shao Yi, is from Xiangyang. Family farming, Tang Yizong Xian Tong eight-year entrance examination scholar. He used to be a writer and so on. Huang Chao and Pi Rixiu joined the insurgents. Huang Chao died after the defeat. Pi Rixiu has more than 300 poems. The preface to "Ten Chapters of Yuezheng Yuefu" says: "Yuefu makes good use of ancient sages and sages and collects poems from all over the world. If you want to know the benefits of the country, the people will rest. " He also said: "The beauty of poetry is enough to appreciate merit; The thorn of poetry is enough to resign. "

Pi Rixiu has a masterpiece "The Sigh of Oak", which is very long and specifically describes an old lady who feeds her hunger by picking acorns. The old lady gave all the harvested polished rice to the government, so she could only pick acorns to satisfy her hunger. At the time of handover, one stone with more grain can only be counted as five buckets.

They are all realistic poets, "If you want to know the benefits and diseases of the country, the people will share weal and woe". Pi Rixiu's creative view is the same as Luo Yin's.

However, in terms of creative methods, Luo Yin does not take the life of working people as a direct and concrete description object like Pi Rixiu. His poems are not about specific and direct social life events, but mainly about contradictions and conflicts, thoughts and feelings of that era.

Luo Yin has a song "Send the Prince of Xizhou".

Soldiers and bandits are disabled and their national strength is weak, so they use good doctors from Central and South China.

Phoenix bit the mud and wrote a letter to Danque, carving a flag on the frosty wind.

The official position need not be light, and the creatures are only temporary.

Baqiao lit up the witch moon in Guizhou. Since then, Jiang Xin has thought twice.

Another song "Friends after the Chaos":

The sea has gone, but you can't get it.

When all living things are stolen, towns will become more frequent.

The old place in my dream, the new rich people in front of me.

Never like this. Don't touch the towel alone.

-"A and B"

In the above two poems, Luo Yin wrote the social reality of the country at that time. The people in Luo Yin's works are suffering greatly. However, there is no specific description object and no specific life events in the poem.

Du Xunhe has a collection of poems called Tang Fengji. Du Fu's poems mainly reflect the social outlook and people's sufferings after the Huang Chao Uprising. There is a poem "Widow in the Mountain", which talks about the heavy corvee tax:

Because of the soldiers, the husband clung to Mao Peng and the linen skirt was burned.

Santo's waste is still taxed, and the rural shortage is still seeking seedlings.

When picking wild vegetables and roots for cooking, spin raw wood and burn leaves.

If you are in a deep mountain, you should also avoid the levy.

Even if you escape to deeper mountains, you can't evade taxes. Mao Peng, ramie, weeds and firewood are all written in great detail. It reflects the social situation in the late Tang Dynasty from a specific angle. "The same is true of things." (Ming Hu Xiangzhen's "Tang Yin Gui Qian")

Luo Yin's method is different because of the cry of people's livelihood disaster. Such as Qiu Jiang:

Qiu Jiang stays in the evening tide, and guests think about it.

The drizzle turns the reed leaves, and the high wind turns the wicker.

War-torn, hungry, arrogant.

My scholar is also connected with this, looking at the soul outside and selling it inside.

-"A and B"

There are no specific events in the poem, but the brushwork is sharp and sharp, and the poet's thoughts and feelings are vividly on the paper.

In Mao's Wild Guest Series, he said, "In Tang poetry, only Du Xunhe and Luo Yin use common sayings. ..... Luo Yin said in a poem:' If history destroys the country, who will die in Yue?' Say,' If you are drunk tonight, you will be sad tomorrow.' Say,' How much power can you destroy, and you won't be affected by the sun and a little kindness. He said,' only the governor should look ahead, and he will never feel that he always starts from scratch.' "There are many sayings in the poem, which is the same place between Luo Yin and Du Xunhe.

Ming Min's Yuan Song "The Story of Luojiang East" says: "You must learn poetry from beginning to end before you can become a famous person, and you will not waste your life. For example, Luo Yin and Du Xunhe, who are humble and weak, have their own ears. "

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was another poet named Wei Zhuang. Poetry critics after the Tang Dynasty often put Wei Zhuang and Luo Yin together to comment. For example, Hu Zhenheng of the Ming Dynasty said in "Tang Yin Gui Qian": Duan Wei is close to elegance and integrity, and it is too easy to cherish, but the meaning is not deep. "Luo Zhao remonstrance sound love and full of ink, there will be. There is no shortage of good articles, but floating shadows cover them. However, in terms of written materials, it is outside the puppet country. " In the Qing Dynasty, Xue Xue commented on Luo Yin's poems in A Piao Shi Hua: "The rhyme in the late Tang Dynasty is not trivial, just like that in Duan Wei."

Wei Zhuang, a native of Chang 'an, Ling Du, lost his father in his early years. Born in poverty, he once roamed the south of the Yangtze River, and was admitted as a scholar in the first year of Ganning. He is the author of ten volumes of Huanhua Collection.

Wei Zhuang's poems have outstanding talent in event narration and scene description. Such as the long poem "Fu Qin Yin". However, the ideological tendency of this poem is wrong today: it gives a distorted and false description of the uprising troops in Huang Chao. However, this poem was very artistic and was widely circulated at that time. In addition to long poems, Wei Zhuang's lyric landscape poems are full of flavor, beauty and gentleness. Such as "Taicheng":

The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing.

Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.

In Tang Yin Gui Qian, the phrase "body is close to elegance, but too easy to cherish and too deep in meaning" refers to Wei Zhuang's lyric poems.

Poetry critics naturally say that each has its own merits. Or Luo Yin and Wei Zhuang are "not in the same breath", or Luo's poems are "more affectionate" than Wei Zhuang's, which depends on the point of view and emphasis of poetry critics. For example, Tang Yinguiqian admired Luo Yin, saying that Du Xunhe's poems were "shallow", Wei Zhuang was "meaningless" and Luo Yin was "out of all the songs of the Puppet Manchuria".

In the history of China's poetry, realistic poetry, which pays attention to the countryside and reflects reality, has a long history. Luo Yin's Collection of Poems A and B is a piece of rough jade in origin, which has a great and far-reaching influence on later generations.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a poet named Wang Mian in Zhuji, Zhejiang. I grew up in a poor family and suffered repeated failures. Later, when he saw that the world would be chaotic, he gave up the idea of being an official and decided to retire. In his later years, he moved to Jiuli Mountain in Huiji and made a living by farming. He wrote four volumes of Zhu Zhai's Poems. The main content of his poems is to reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and social ills. Satire and attack the rulers who exploit the people. In his masterpiece "Frog Mountain", he used the story of frog to condemn those officials who took bribes and perverted the law and harmed the people, alluding to the ruling class who exploited the people.

Today, when a new person or someone talks about a scholar in Luoyin, he will naturally mention Xu Wenchang in Shaoxing in the Ming Dynasty. As the saying goes, "Luo Yin is newly built and Shaoxing has a long history". Xu Wenchang was Xu Wei, but it was also a bumpy life and suffered repeated failures. But he is versatile and makes a living by selling poems, paintings and calligraphy. There is a zaju "Simian with Four Tones", the most famous of which is "A History of Crazy Drum and Three Pavilions to Yuyang", in which the story of Mi Fei scolding Cao in the late Eastern Han Dynasty actually alluded to Yan Song, the power phase at that time.

According to the Biography of wuyue and Luo Yin, Luo Yin once compared himself with Mi Fei: "An Mi Fei couldn't tolerate it, so he thought Huang Zu was a hero".

Luo Yin was from the late Tang Dynasty and Xu Wei was from the Ming Dynasty. Later generations naturally linked them together, because they had the same fate, which was a bitter satire on the ruling class and the dark society.

Can we say that Luo Yin's satirical poems have more or less influenced both Wang Mian and Xu Wei?