Nong Gaozhi was the barbarian leader of Guangyuan Prefecture in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Li Qing (104 1), Nong Gaozhi established a "Dali Kingdom" in Luoyouzhou (now Jingxi County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which was under the jurisdiction of Ande and other states at that time, but not Guangyuan State) to compete with Jiaozhi Li Dynasty. At the same time, the farmer's request for attachment to the Song Dynasty in order to get a position in charge of various ministries was rejected. Therefore, he established "Nantianzong" in his hometown of Ando, called Emperor Ren Hui, with the title of Jing Rui. He repeatedly repelled the cross-toed invasion, but repeatedly requested to join the Song Dynasty.
In April of the 4th year (1052), the peasants rebelled against the Song Dynasty. In May, the Yong State was broken, and the country name was changed to Da Nan Guo, and the imperial army was defeated in the calendar year. In the first month of the following year, Nong Gaozhi was defeated by Di Qing and went into exile in Dali.
Family background In the early Song Dynasty, the Nong family had close contacts with the Song regime. Song Taizong Taiping Xingguo two years (977), a rich farmer in Guangyuan, was born in Dangyouzhou, and his reputation gradually increased. He was named an ordinary collator, an ancient scholar and a pillar of the Song Dynasty. For Nong Kochi's father, his power grew further in the merger struggle. The father of the farmer, Nong Quanfu (also known as "Nong Cun Fu" and "Xu Shu"), was originally named Zhuoyoufu (now Jingxi, Guangxi). Later, it occupied Wanyafu (also known as Wanyafu, now daxin county, Guangxi) and Wulefu (now Fusui, Guangxi).
In order to gain the trust and support of the Song Dynasty, Nong Quanfu automatically joined the Song Dynasty. In the seventh year of Song Renzong Tiansheng (1029), Nong Quanfu was awarded the post of guarding Yongzhou in the Song Dynasty, but "Zhang Qi was transferred and sent away, not subject to his land." Cunfu and his son Gao Zhi plundered Longzhou (now Xinning Town, Fusui, Guangxi) from the East. Nong Quanfu used his calling ability and local superior conditions to "attract China and cave people and have a large number of followers" to develop gold resources and "make them rich and strong". Earlier, "the county magistrate of Tianzhou (now Tian Yang, Guangxi) invited him to attack it, knowing that those who lived in Tanzhou were afraid of making trouble and banned it." Nong Quanfu became more and more powerful, calling himself "Emperor Zhaosheng", making his wife "Empress Mingde", making his son "King of South Asia", changing his name to "the country of eternal life" (in other words, "the country of longevity"), and refusing to submit to the toes. So "cross your toes and hate it, send troops to attack it." In order to rescue Nong Quanfu and others who were taken hostage, "at the end of the year, Kochi had no choice but to lose a lot of gold materials." However, the ruler with crossed toes is a ruthless sword. Li Dezheng (Yue Shi Li Foma) wrote: "I have the world, and I am the minister of the land, and all the princes pay tribute. I still have blessings, and I am arrogant and arrogant, harassing the border defense. " We, Gong Xing, Shi Guangyuan and Fu Cunfu, leveled the fields and beheaded them in the city. "That was in 1039, that is, the first year of Taizong.
Nong's mother, A Nong, was from the government. Later, she was transferred to Luoyou government and married Nong Quanfu. Therefore, Nong Gaozhi, like his father Nong Quanfu, was born in Luoyou House, but he grew up in Ande House (now Ande Town, Jingxi County) to escape the war. Luoyouzhou and Ando have been the territory of China since ancient times, so it can be said that Nong Gaozhi came from China. When Jiao Di rose up and captured the government's Nong Quanfu, the 14-year-old Nong and Nong left their hometown and returned to Amdo to gather.
Nong Gaozhi, the background of the uprising in the characters' lives, said, "It's not the first time to learn." (17) A bad career and the resentment of the murder of a loved one are integrated. 104 1 year (Li Taizong was in office for three years), farmers and their mothers went to war to establish a "Dali Kingdom" in Judea. It is impossible for the ruler to allow the peasant descendants to make a comeback and send troops to crusade. Unable to match, Nong Gaozhi was captured and spread to Jiao Di Shi Jing. Li De was put back to his hometown because his father was punished and failed to conquer the forces of the peasants. He was named Zhiguangyuan Prefecture, and the four caves of Lei, Huo, Qi and Po and Shirangzhou (also known as Shirangzhou, now Vietnam west of Jinlong in Longzhou, Guangxi) were placed under his management. Two years later, he was given a capital letter and worshipped as "Taibao". ( 18)
However, Nong Gaozhi did not surrender, but suffered * * * and "internal resentment". Four years after his release, he occupied Ando (now Ande Commune, Jingxi County, Guangxi), established Nantian, and changed its title to Jing Rui (the title of the country was Nantian Dali Kingdom, and the title was Tian Rui or Qili). ( 19)
In the eighth year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (1048), Nong Gaozhi gradually occupied and controlled the minority areas of Tianzhouyi Road in Youjiang area. (20) In the same year, taking Bie Evil Cave (now southeast of Jingxi, Guangxi) as the base area, we began to break through with tiptoes. Jiao Zhi ordered Qiu Guo to crusade, but he was defeated and returned. (2 1) After repelling Guo's military attack, in September of the first year of your reign (1049 10.4), Nong made his first attempt to deploy troops in Yongzhou, an important town on Guangnan West Road, and called Jiangnan and Fujian to make preparations. In that year 1 February, Jia Zi (1050 65438+ 10/) sent Gao Huai to arrest the followers of Nong Gaozhi who had entered Yongzhou. (22)
In February of the following year (1March 24th, 050), the administrative department of Guangnan West Road requested to set up a village in Luoyou Cave, Yongzhou (now northwest of Longzhou, Guangxi), as a barrier to curb agricultural wisdom, which was approved by Song Ting. (23) Soon after, Jiao Zhi sent troops to attack Nong, so that he was outnumbered and fled to Fushan. When Guangnan West Road Transshipment reported this situation, the Song Dynasty took preventive measures, and "Zhaoben Road was ready". (24)
In the same year, the transshipment Guangxi sent Xiao Gu to direct the baby to "stab". (25) When he was young, he "wanted to invite outstanding achievements", secretly launched a war and was captured by farmers. Afraid of being killed by Nong Gaozhi's sword, he lied and said, "I didn't come to fight. The court sent me to welcome your ears." "I didn't expect all my men to know each other, so I got up by mistake, so this happened." (26) Nong Kochi untied himself, led him to sit down and poured him wine. During the dinner, he asked in a tentative tone, "Why is Mr. Wang depressed for a long time?" Today, Fang crossed his toes, out of control, and the border officer rose safely. He is lonely, and wants to merge with Hunan in the north, and then parade around in the west. Later, he made progress, that is, he could not cross the South China Sea and cut off the contact between the operator and the country. Does the court allow me to be equal? "Seeing his outspoken statement, I expressed my opinion:" The first step is a tiny place, and it is like sweeping the dust on the stove to rise up and rebel. "What's more, the husband and Tianhe, don't understand, also embarrassed. Why not wrap yourself in armor and beg for your life, without losing your reward? Whose is the husband's leadership and the wife's death? " After listening to this statement, Nong Gaozhi felt very insightful and smiled happily: "I firmly think about it and make it public!" (27) Immediately, he "sent dozens of members of his own party to Yongzhou" and requested to return to the Song Dynasty, which was rejected. Song Ting also dragged out an ignoble existence in the name of defeat with troops, and made false promises to farmers to pay tribute in the name of national life, even leading the whole state (now Quanzhou, Guangxi). (28)
In the third year (105 1) in February, Nong once again asked Song to join the club, and Song Ting "sent a letter road (Guangnan West Road) to dispatch envoys, raise part of the prison and take charge of the court." (29) Nong Gaozhi was not discouraged by this. "The court refused to offer elephants, gold and silver because of his service." (30) In the name of our company, we made the reply from Guangxi Transshipment Department and Money Administration Department; "Guangyuan Prefecture is a cross-toe, and if it pays tribute in its country, it will be allowed." (3 1)
In April of the following year, Nong Gaozhi continued to "pay tribute to local things and seek the inner Lord" to Song Ting, but Song Ting still refused to accept it. Nong Kochi attached Song Zhi's heart to his death. "After that, I sent a tribute letter to invite him, but even though I learned that Chen Xun had heard about it, I didn't report it." (32) In addition, Nong Gaozhi repeatedly asked Song Ting for officials to "take charge of all ministries". (33)
For the first time, he asked to be the secretariat of Sunday, but Song Ting didn't agree. The second time, he was asked to be a coach with a lower status, but it was still not approved. The third time, he didn't ask for an official position, but only asked the Northern Song Dynasty to give him official clothes and official clothes as a symbol of Song Dynasty officials. Song dynasty still didn't agree; The fourth time, he simply demanded that every time the Southern Suburb Ceremony was held in the Song Dynasty, 200 yuan's tribute should be1in exchange for the treatment of equal management, but the Song Dynasty still refused. (34) This series of actions by the imperial court in the Northern Song Dynasty ignited the fuse of anti-Song.
Guangyuan started to fight. Just as Nong was expecting to be rejected, he called everyone together and said, "Now I have offended my toes, but China won't accept me, so I can't stand it. Just annoying! " So he frequently moved around Zuojiang and Youjiang, secretly exploring the strength of the government army in the Song Dynasty, and looking for someone to act as an inside man in Yongzhou to prepare for the anti-Song Dynasty. In the meantime, "taking advantage of mountains and rivers, I recruited a fugitive." In order to paralyze the local officials in Song Dynasty, he "counted the disadvantages of food and clothing". Spreading the saying that "the hungry tribes are scattered", Yongzhou officials think that the farmers are too weak and weak to be enemies, so they don't take precautions.
However, Nong and Guangzhou Wei (also known as "Huang Wei"), Huang Shimi and his party conspired with Nong and Nong Zhizhong (also known as "Nong Zhizhong") day and night to plan an attack on Yongzhou. After getting ready, one night, Nong Gaozhi "burned his nest" and said to all the people, "My life's accumulation, now I burn it with fire. I have no idea of living. I am poor. When you pull Yongzhou, according to Guangzhou, you are king, otherwise the soldiers will die! " In this way, an anti-Song struggle broke out unconsciously in the Song Dynasty.
After four years' tour (1052), in April, an advance team with an agricultural rate of 5,000 (or 7,000 clouds) went down the Youjiang River, one of the headwaters of Yujiang River, and first captured the Hengshanzhai in the upper reaches of Youjiang River (now Ma Ping Town, Tiandong County, Guangxi). "The people in Ludingzhai have given them great relief because of their warehouse."
Since the heng shan cun was broken, Chen Kun, the magistrate of Yongzhou, "worried about trouble, lost his cabinet door, didn't play in bed, and was not prepared." This created favorable conditions for the smooth March of the agricultural army. On the third day of May of that year (1052 May 3 1), Nong Gaozhi came to the gate of Yongzhou. Seeing that the situation was not good, Chen Xun quickly arranged the defense forces and ordered Wang Ganyou to stay away from home. The spy supervised Su Li to guard the Da 'anmen and instructed Wu Ji to guard the Chaotianmen.
In addition, Zhang Li, the governor of Guangxi, also led troops to reinforce from Pennsylvania (now Binyang North, Guangxi). When reinforcements arrived, Chen Xun rewarded the sergeant in the city. Just as they were in high spirits, the agricultural army broke into the city with lightning speed. This is related to the fact that Nong Gaozhi has placed insiders in the city to cooperate with the action in advance, so people say that "people in the city should be insiders" and "people in the city should respond". At that time, the minister guarding the south gate joined the army, and Kong Zongdan "called the neighboring soldiers for books and wanted to refuse them." Shi Yao in Song Dynasty, a legendary figure whose history was cut off by the agricultural army, was still staking the land, but he was unable to save the Tanzhou crisis. In a fierce battle, the government troops of the Song Dynasty died 1000 people, and a number of important officials such as Chen Xun were captured.
When he occupied Yongzhou City, Nong Gaozhi read the military library and found the gold letters he had sent before. He was furious and asked Chen Xun why he didn't submit the letter he requested. Chen Xun argued that it had been played, but Song Ting disagreed. Nong Gao Zhi ordered people to search for grass, but when it disappeared, he released Chen Xun, the "sick eye", and beheaded him. After Nong Gaozhi occupied Yongzhou City, he established "Great South China" here, calling himself "Emperor Kindness", and took "Li Kai" ("Duan Yi") as the title, and established officials and offices along the Song system to strengthen his ruling power. At the same time, Amnesty the world. The army has been greatly developed, and the number of soldiers has increased to more than 10 thousand.
Shortly after the farmers moved eastward to Yong, they left Yong and moved along Yujiang River. At that time, because "the Lingnan satrap was unprepared, once in Enemy at the Gates, he didn't know what to do, and the defenders abandoned the city and fled, so Gao Zhi succeeded in achieving his goal", he quickly occupied a large area of eastern Guangxi and western Guangdong: Guichou in May of the fourth year (1June 8, 052), and the agricultural army entered Hengzhou (now Hengxian, Guangxi) in the lower reaches of Yongzhou, and as we all know, in May (.
In May of Gengshen (1052 June 15), the peasants led troops into the city and fled with Xu in central Yunnan. The next day, the peasant army entered Tengzhou (now tengxian, Guangxi) and escaped with Prince Li Zhi. Subsequently, the agricultural army easily occupied Wuzhou (now Wuzhou, Guangxi), and Cheng Jiangyan, the well-known secretary, refused to resist and abandoned the city. In May, Guihai (1052 June 18), the peasant army entered Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province), and the magistrate was frightened, and he only ran for his life, regardless of the city. When Wang Anshi wrote an epitaph for Shi Ding, he said that he had "gone to war, was able to capture and chop, and was invincible, so he went to avoid it with all the people in his state."
Bing Yin (1052 June 2 1) arrived at the gate of Guangzhou in May after four years of siege in Huang You, Guangzhou, and began the most difficult and longest siege war since the uprising. In June (1July 9, 052), inspector Gao of Duanzhou, Guangzhou, held a military contest with the farmers in Shiping Pavilion, Guangzhou, and was defeated by the farmers. However, due to Guangzhou's strong defense and foreign aid, the city could not be captured for a long time, giving the Song Dynasty time to concentrate its troops on the south. Facing the increasingly tense situation, Nong Gaozhi had to lift the siege of Guangzhou for more than 50 days. The peasant army retreated from Guangzhou, and was forced to detour across the river from Shatou, go north to Qingyuan County, and March into Lianzhou (now Hexian County, Guangdong Province) and Hezhou (now southeast of Hexian County, Guangxi Province), because Yingzhou (now Yingde, Guangdong Province) knew that Suzhou was on a 40-mile-long road and was prevented from laying trees and boulders. Unable to capture Hezhou, he fought in this area for more than a month. Geng Shen (1052, 10, 13) In September, the agricultural army attacked Zhaozhou (now Pingle, Guangxi) in the west, and the magistrate Liu abandoned the city and fled. This is the first city to fall after leaving Guangzhou.
Even death stars arrived in England, and Yang Yi, who was stationed there, was afraid of being besieged, and even adopted the method of clearing the field-abandoning the land to burn food. The insurgents bypassed the city and continued to March north into Shaozhou. At this point, Song Jun had been prepared. The peasants learned the lesson of being surrounded by Guangzhou, no longer stationed troops at the gates, and moved to Huangzhou (now Lianxian County, Guangdong Province), pointing directly to central and northern Guangxi. The defenders there were defeated and invincible. Hezhou in Guangxi was quickly destroyed. What is particularly worth mentioning is that the insurgents have achieved brilliant results there: they killed two famous Song generals, Zhong Zhang, on Guangnan East Road and killed Jiang Xie on Guangnan East Road (according to Taiping Zhi).
In the Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhen appointed Di Qing, deputy history of the Privy Council, as our southern ambassador, commanding 200,000 troops, and went south from Kyoto day and night to suppress the uprising. The first is the famous descendant Yang (Yang Zhuan in Song Dynasty).
According to the original plan, after the insurgents marched into Hunan and Jing, they should take the initiative to make peace with the Song Dynasty. However, Nong Gaozhi clearly realized that they could not compete with it at all. Therefore, after occupying Quanzhou, he made an important decision to return to Tanzhou after secret discussion with Huang Shimi and others.
At this moment, Di Qing's vanguard troops arrived. As a pioneer, Yang led the troops to meet the insurgents head-on near Guizhou. Fighting until he was injured, Yang was trapped.
After regaining the land of Zhou Yong, Kochi clearly realized that there was no room for compromise with Song Ting, and he was not strong enough at present, so he was ready to return to Guangyuan, gather 36-hole Zhuang and other minority chieftains, consolidate the rear area, and then move north. When he was in Yong, he wrote a pair of couplets: Emperor Ye was not an adult and was old; Wang and Guo Hugh.
The first part expresses his helpless sigh, and the second part points out the relationship between his subordinates and Great South China.
After Banshi moved to the west and captured Pennsylvania, Nong returned to Yongzhou in October (1052 1.6) and proclaimed himself emperor and founded the country. In order to draw on the strength of other barbarians, the farmer personally wrote to Huang Shouling, the chieftain of Jiedong, who was powerful and had superior geographical conditions, and proposed a strategic plan of "marching straight into the south of Jinghu Lake" if he could defeat it, and exchanged land for Huang's support. Huang Shouling was very appreciative of this and said, "Glutinous rice is good luck." . Later, due to Yu Jing in Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi), Shi Jian, a native of Yongzhou, was sent to lobby, and Huang Shouling gradually alienated the agricultural intellectual. He also recruited "farmers and Huang as leaders, each with his own duties, which are not in line with each other." The connection between streams and caves was cut off, and it became popular again in Song Dynasty. In addition, Nong Gaozhi made many mistakes in strategy and tactics, which eventually led to a fiasco.
In the Battle of Guirenpu, Di Qing selected elite troops to go south, joined Sun Mian and Yu Jing, and sailed from Guangxi to Pennsylvania, with more than 3 1000 loyalists and Tuding. In order to unify the military discipline, Di Qing beheaded 32 defeated soldiers, including Chen Shu, who attacked agricultural intelligence without authorization. "You generals are too nervous to look up." Then, Di Qing began to doubt the soldiers, held his ground and ordered the mobilization of ten days' rations. This was the so-called "truce". According to the report of the scouts, Nong Kochi was convinced of this and was unprepared. Di Qing, however, sent three armies to March in an emergency the next day and came to the natural barrier Kunlun Pass (now the junction of Yongning and Binyang on Yongbin Highway). On the occasion of the Lantern Festival, he put on big lanterns and gave a banquet to distribute schools, but Nong still didn't see the flaw. In fact, Di Qing has braved the storm and spent the night in natural danger, and sent troops to wait for "Baiguan: Please go out for dinner." And the array is in Guirenpu. (Today, between the second and third ponds of Yongbin Highway), it shows that this is a showdown with Nong Gaozhi.
On the fifth day of the first month of the fifth year of Emperor Yangdi (1February 8, 053), Nong personally commanded the whole army to form three sharp arrays. They are armed with big shields and javelin, dressed in crimson clothes, and look like fire. After a fierce battle, Song Jun gained the upper hand. The carelessness and underestimation of Nong Gaozhi led to the defeat of Guirenpu. His army was beheaded by 2200 soldiers, 57 officers were killed and more than 500 people were captured. Nong Kochi had to retreat. At dawn the next day, Di Qing marched into Tancheng, cut off the heads of Huang Shimi and other agricultural army leaders, hung them in Canzhou, and built 5,341 corpses in the northern corner of Tancheng. For this reason, Di Qing wrote the Chronicle of Jing Guan with 42 inscriptions. He also said in the exposed cloth: "The culprit has been arrested in prison, and the rest of the parties have been buried in the shop." This has a certain purpose. The so-called "culprit" has not been caught, and Di Qing knows it. They drove into Tancheng, and someone found a body in a golden dragon suit among the bodies. They thought it was an agricultural intellectual who wanted to make contributions, but Di Qing stopped him. The fact is that Nong Gaozhi retreated to Yongzhou City. When he saw that the tide had gone, he immediately abandoned the city and fled.
After the peasant whose family was ruined withdrew from Yongzhou, there were different opinions about what Di Qing did. Some said that his subordinates suggested pursuing, but Di Qing "thought it was a big deal to take advantage of the situation and take it by surprise", so he did not adopt it; Others said that Di Qing sent "a general to chase, and it was too late to cross the Tianzhou." (88) Folklore is very different from local chronicles. Nong Kochi made a long-term plan before his failure. Through generous gifts and marriage, he established contact with Nong Xiacheng, the chief of Temozhai, who is "connected to Dali in the west and rich in land", and built a palace there for retreat. After the defeat of Guirenpu, Nong Gaozhi settled down with his mother, brother, wife and son. After his mother Nong arrived in Temozhai, under the threat of Nong, she collected more than 3000 people to practice riding in an attempt to fight the Song Dynasty again. However, the new Xiao noticed that "the handsome teacher went begging and got benefits." "Lead him into bed, talk to him, and make him feel like a thief (referring to agriculture). Military secrets are leaked, belonging to the 60 families of Xishan in agriculture, and also broke up with Yang sent by Yujing. Nong Gaozhi left his relatives. " He sent 500 soldiers, his six wives and six sons to Dali to borrow soldiers to attack the prince. "Daoan (that is, Yu Jing) sent ten people, sent warlords and other six state soldiers, attacked Temo Village, killed Ya Ya, and was returned by his mother, brother and son. At that time, Nong was over 60 years old, his younger brother Nong was 28 years old, his eldest son Nong Jifeng 14 years old and his other son Nong was 8 years old. (92) It was December of the fifth year of Emperor Yangdi. (93)
How was Nong Kochi's funeral? Most of the folklore of Zhuang nationality ended in his death, but the cause, time and place of death are different. (97) There are conflicting records in the literature and history of the Song Dynasty, that is, the cloud is "unknown", (98) "its existence is unknown", and (99) it is said that "Nong defeated Dali, but his country seized it" (100) (Xiao Note). (10 1) According to the available data, it is more credible that farmers died in Dali, such as Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Long Ping Ji, Su Zhe's Longchuan Biezhi, Chen Bangzhan's Chronicle of Ming and Song Dynasties, and Wang Shouren's Textual Research on the Descent of Sicheng Tufu in Dali, Yunnan not long ago. (102) According to Sima Guang's Memorabilia of Officials, in April of the following year, Nong Gaozhi was killed. (103) It is inferred that he is thirty-one.
Now, Nong has been punished, and the objects seduced by his mother, brother and son no longer exist. Song Ting merged them on June 3 (1055 July 15).
Academic Viewpoint: Does Nong Gaozhi belong to China or Viet Nam? It was clear that history was related to this record, but some people had ulterior motives and simply forged Nong Gaozhi's Vietnam story. The logic that Nong Gaozhi belongs to Vietnam is that Nong Gaozhi is from Guangyuan and Guangyuan Prefecture is Guangyuan County of Vietnam. Therefore, it seems clear and logical that Nong Gaozhi belongs to Vietnam. However, such commentators have overlooked an important historical fact. The farmer was not from Guangyuan House, which was in the Song Dynasty in China. According to "History of Song Dynasty", the biological mother of the farmer is the elder sister of the farmer who was in power in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the wife of the leader of Guangyuan country, Nong Cunfu. According to experts' research, Nong is not from Wulefu, but from Luoyoufu (now in the east of Jingxi County, Guangxi) —— Guangxi Ethnic Studies No.2, 1998. Although the peasant's native place is not within the scope of caves in ten states, such as Guangyuan Prefecture, where he was originally a peasant, his father and son both served as Guangyuan Prefecture, and their rise came from Guangyuan Prefecture. They relied on the power in charge of Guangyuan Prefecture and the manpower, financial resources and material resources of ten states, such as Guangyuan Prefecture, to resist the invasion of the Li Dynasty, and finally rose up and rebelled against the Song Dynasty. Understanding the location and ownership of Guangyuan House in Song Dynasty is also an important aspect to understand the peasant family. According to Gu Zuyu's Record of Reading Historical Records (volume 1 12), nirvana in fire Guangyuan City written by Annan, Song Guangyuan House is in the northwest of nirvana in fire, Annan, bordering Longzhou, Guangxi. In other words, it is said that the Plain State established in the Tang Dynasty is the Plain Pavilion in Jinzhou, the capital. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (839), it administered Longshi, Linping, Longdang and other counties, and was under the jurisdiction of Baodu Prefecture in Annan. The Song Dynasty was the seat of Guangyuan Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou Governor's Office. "Biography of Yao Ji in Song Hui Fan Yi 439" contains: "Li Yong, an old man in Guangyuan Prefecture, was originally from Jiaodi (Yue)." Therefore, the main activity place of the farmer at that time was Guangyuan House, which was originally the territory of China, and his birthplace, Luoyou House (now Jingxi County, Guangxi), has been the territory of China since ancient times. It can be seen that Nong's National Character has not been published in China, which has been proved by a large number of research results today. (See Bai Zhu's Study on Nong Nationality II, No.3 of Guangxi Ethnic Studies in 2000. ) Those arguments about forging the nationality of agricultural intellectuals are often fabricated out of thin air without even knowing or turning a blind eye to these basic historical facts, which is obviously difficult to establish.
Nong Gaozhi Temple Nong Gaozhi Temple, located in Gaoping, Vietnam, is the only well-preserved temple dedicated to Nong Gaozhi.
There is a horizontal plaque on the front door of the temple with the words "Cenqi Hall" written on it. The inscription "Maocen Temple" is written on the door plaque of the main hall, and couplets are posted on the pillars on both sides. On the left is "There is a picture of Shu Qi outside the monument", and on the right is "Phoenix Dance Martyrdom before the case". There is a sacrificial platform on the main hall. Two wooden columns are erected on both sides of the central sacrificial platform, and a pair of couplets are attached to the columns. The left-wing couplet reads "Leidong Xuefu Temple" and the right-wing couplet reads "? The mountain shows life with the highest virtue and is the sage of Kun. " Images of Twenty-eight Hostels are hung on the walls on both sides of the hall.
Behind the main hall is a temple with couplets. The Right League is "the emperor grows old before he is young" and the Left League is "sealing the king and the country."
The horizontal plaque and door plaque of Nong Gaozhi Temple are written as' Cen Qi Temple' and' Mao Cen Temple'. Because Nong Gaozhi rebelled against Vietnam, the king of Vietnam sent troops to clear it up and the people were not allowed to set up a temple to commemorate it, so he made a name for himself, changed his face and sacrificed it to Nong Gaozhi.