Title Wang Xiangyun Moran
There are different gods in the fragrant posture, and the fragrant wind is blowing in Chi Chun. According to Hell of Yan, I took a photo in Xiangtan.
Lan Yan Shop was published in Historical Materials of Yan Dou Liyuan in Qing Dynasty, and was written by Wu Taichu and "An Le Qiao Shan".
Wang Xiangyun is an outstanding Shaanxi Opera actor, who is known as the "four beauties".
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Brief introduction of Qin opera
Shaanxi Opera, also known as Luantan, originated from the western Shaanxi Opera and is popular in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other places in northwest China. Because it uses jujube bangzi as a percussion instrument, it is also called "Bangzi Opera", commonly known as "Bangzi". At the end of Ming Dynasty, the legend of Lotus in a Bowl written by an anonymous person used the qupai of "Two Offenders in Western Qin Opera", so it was known that it originated in Gansu. Gansu was called Xiqin in ancient times, hence the name. When Kangxi was in the Qing Dynasty, Justin Cheung, a native of Jingyang, Shaanxi Province, looked forward to writing On Shaanxi Opera, which showed that Shaanxi Opera had developed to a mature stage. During the Qianlong period, Wei Changsheng went to Beijing to perform Shaanxi Opera, which caused a sensation in Beijing. It has a direct influence on the formation of Bangzi tune in various places.
Classification of Shaanxi Opera
Shaanxi opera is a plate variant, which can be divided into two kinds: joyful sound and bitter sound. The former is good at expressing cheerful and joyful emotions. The latter is good at expressing grief and sadness. Choose to use it according to the plot and the needs of the characters in the play. There are flexible boards, 26, substitute boards, lifting boards, sharp boards, rolling boards, flower cavities and dragging cavities, which are particularly distinctive. The main musical instrument is banhu, with sharp and crisp pronunciation.
Characteristics of Shaanxi Opera Performance
The performance of Shaanxi Opera is simple, rough, delicate and profound, touching and full of exaggeration. There is a 13 school in the football lottery, which is divided into four students, six Dan, two clean and one ugly, also called "Thirteen Nets". It plays well and sings well. After the Revolution of 1911, Yi Sushe was founded in Xi 'an, specializing in Shaanxi Opera, determined to reform, and absorbed the nutrition of Peking Opera and other operas. His singing changed from high-pitched and passionate to soft and beautiful, which not only retained the original style, but also incorporated new styles.
The origin of Qin opera
Shaanxi Opera originated from ancient folk songs and dances in Shaanxi and Gansu, and grew up in Chang 'an, the ancient political, economic and cultural center of China. It is gradually formed through the creation of several generations. Since the Zhou Dynasty, the Guanzhong area has been called "Qin", hence the name "Qin Opera", which is a quite ancient drama. Because jujube bangzi is used as a percussion instrument, it is also called "Bangzi cavity", and because it makes a "dreamy" sound when hitting, it is commonly known as "Bangzi". Li, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in Rain Village Drama: "According to legend, the Qian family has hundreds of books, which have a cavity." It started in Shaanxi, with the clapper as the board, and responded to it, but it was also tight and slow, commonly known as the clapper cavity, which Shu called a random bomb. The word "strumming" has many meanings in the tune of China traditional opera. In the past, all kinds of operas except Kunqu Opera and Gaoqiang Opera were called "random play", and some operas were called "random play". Some operas named after Luantan, such as Wenzhou Luantan and Hebei Luantan, are still regarded as the general name of Bangzi opera system based on Shaanxi opera.
The development of Shaanxi opera
Shaanxi Opera "was formed in Qin Dynasty, refined in Han Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, completed in Yuan Dynasty, matured in Ming Dynasty, broadcast in Qing Dynasty, and evolved into a grand view after several times". It is a very old drama, the originator of China opera, and a replica of the legendary Lotus in the Bowl during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1573- 1620).
The evolution of Qin opera
Because of its different popular areas, Shaanxi Opera has evolved into different schools: Donglu Shaanxi Opera (also known as Tongzhou Tiezi, also known as Old Shaanxi Opera and Donglu Bangzi) is popular in Dali and Pucheng in Weinan area in the east of Guanzhong; Popular in Fengxiang, Qishan, Longxian and Tianshui areas in the west of Guanzhong, it is called West Road Qinqiang (also known as Xifu Qinqiang and West Road Bangzi); Popular in Yangxian, Chenggu, Hanzhong and Mianxian in Hanzhong area (actually Lu Nan Shaanxi Opera, also known as Diao Han Shaanxi Opera and Xunxi); Popular in Xi 'an, it's called Zhonglu Qinqiang (that is, Xi 'an's random play). Among them, the west road became a bangzi after entering Sichuan; East Road is Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Hebei Opera. Therefore, Shaanxi Opera can be regarded as the originator of Beijing Opera, Henan Opera, Shanxi Opera and Hebei Opera. Influenced by local dialects and folk music, each Shaanxi opera is slightly different in pronunciation, aria and music. In the past 50 years, the development of the eastern, western and southern Shaanxi operas tends to stagnate and tends to be replaced by the central Shaanxi opera.
Qin opera repertoire
According to the current statistics, there are about 3,000 repertoires performed by Shaanxi Opera, most of which are based on the legend of heroes's or tragic stories, as well as myths, folk stories and various case-solving dramas from Three Kingdoms, Yang Jiajiang and Shuoyue. Its traditional repertoire is rich, with a total of 2748 copies copied.
Excellent Shaanxi opera actor
In addition to Wei Changsheng, a famous northern and southern scholar in Qing Dynasty, there are Wang Xiangyun, Chen Jibi and Shen Xianglin from Weinan School, Luan Xiaohui from Tongzhou School, Tao Suoer from Zhouzhi School and Yue Sezi from Chang 'an School. In the middle and late Guangxu period, there were Runrunzi, Yu Xier, Chen, Zhao Jiemin, Li (Hong) and Liu (Carpenter Hong). Since the Revolution of 1911, there have been the famous ugly Ma Pingmin, the famous young student Su Zhemin He, the famous Su Zhen (neck and neck), Wang Tianmin (known as "Mei Lanfang in the northwest"), Li Zhengmin (known as "authentic Shaanxi opera"), He Zhong Zhen and Song Shanghua. Tian Denian, a famous online school, and famous students He, Geng Shanmin, Zhong, etc. In particular, Chen,,,, and Li Yisheng and Su Zhemin, former editors of Sanyi Society, have made innovations in singing, performance and makeup modeling.
The Artistic Features of Shaanxi Opera
The aria of Shaanxi Opera consists of "Lu Ban" and "Cai Qiang", and each part is divided into joyful sound and bitter sound. Bitter tune can best represent the characteristics of Shaanxi opera, which is deep, sad and generous, and is suitable for expressing grief, nostalgia and sadness. Yin Huan is cheerful, lively, full of energy and strength, and is good at expressing joy, cheerfulness and heartfelt feelings. There are six basic types of plank road: board 26, flexible board, arrow board, inverted board, belt board and rolling board. Color cavity, commonly known as two tones of an octave, is often used in places where the characters' feelings are agitated and the plot development is ups and downs. It can be divided into four categories: slow board cavity, double-inverted board cavity, substitute board cavity and back board cavity. All plate vocals are voiced by real people; They all use falsetto. Xu Sheng, Tsing Yi, Lao Sheng, Lao Dan and Hualien all sang in Shaanxi Opera, which is called "disorderly singing". There is a folk saying that "Dong 'an Anxi Adagio, xi 'an sings well at will". Before the end of the Qing Dynasty, Qin Opera, also known as Xi Luantan, was named after its two people. Some big boards have horns, which are dozens of sentences long. For example, in "The West Wing", Xian Di's crying sounds are all sweeping the strings, and he has to sing more than 50 sentences, paying attention to the natural and beautiful singing, which is called "crisp board sweeping the strings" by the people. Forty-eight tones in Lower Hedong should be sung in rows; Seventy-two lines of "Chop Li Guang" can no longer be sung. Hualian pays attention to "Jiang Yin" and "Ao Yin" in singing. If it is difficult to sing when raising, those who can become famous. Qinqiang Qupai can be divided into six categories: strings, suona, Haidi, Guan Sheng, Kunqu opera and divertimento, mainly strings and suona Qupai. The musical accompaniment of Qin Opera is called the "bravery" of Qin Opera. The pianist plays an important role in the Shaanxi Opera Troupe and often sits in the middle of the stage. Accompaniment music is good at playing the old tune, and the pitch is "three-eye tone", which was changed to the tone change (that is, pull down) after the 1930s.
The performance of Shaanxi Opera is unique, and the role system has four lines: life, Dan, purity and ugliness, and each line is divided into many kinds, which are collectively called "Thirteen Nets". Generally speaking, a three-way role system with "four beams and four pillars" as the backbone should be established according to the business. The main characters include Xu Sheng, Hua Lian, and the secondary roles include, Uncle Sheng, Lian, and the clown. The other roles Lao Dan and Laosheng are all three roles. The best of all roles can be top grade, and the others are supporting roles. Troupe with superior conditions often pay big money to invite famous actors. All walks of life can, Wen; Martial arts, Kunming and Chaos are all generalists, who are good at handling, that is, the so-called "playing the burden" or "eating a full stomach". The performance skills of Shaanxi Opera are very rich, with all kinds of characters and stunts, such as riding a horse, pulling a shelf, spitting fire, jumping down, sweeping snuff, playing with fire sticks, carrying a gun, holding a dome light, grinding teeth and turning a chair. The performance skills of fairy drama are more peculiar and colorful. For example, The Yellow River Array uses five magic props. Measure the sky ruler, turn over the sky, can cast a long string of fireworks, and gold scissors can fly out of butterflies. In addition, Hualien pays attention to scaffolder to show its heroic spirit and is called "shelf" by the masses.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 8, 2007, Shaanxi xi Qinqiang Theatre won the first Cultural Heritage Day Award from the Ministry of Culture.