2 English reference holly bark, ovateleaf holly [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
3 "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": Ilex rotunda 3. 1 Pinyin name Ji ? b ? y ? n
3.2 Alias of Ilex rotunda: Silver skin, Nine-layer skin, spearmint and bear gall.
3.3 Bark (double skin), leaves and roots of Ilex rotunda. It belongs to Ilex of Ilex, and can also be used as medicine. It can be harvested all year round, scraped off the outer rough skin, chopped, dried or used sparingly; Leaves are mostly for fresh use, and roots are dug in the spring and autumn.
3.4 Sexual taste is bitter and cool.
3.5 Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Used for common cold, tonsillitis, sore throat, acute gastroenteritis, and rheumatic bone pain; External use for treating traumatic injury, carbuncle, furuncle, ulcer, traumatic hemorrhage, burn and scald.
3.6 The usage and dosage of Ilex rotunda is 3 ~ 5 yuan; Appropriate amount for external use, bark grinding and oil application; Mash fresh leaves or roots and apply them to the affected area.
3.7 Excerpted from "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine"
4 Chinese Materia Medica: Ilex rotunda 4. 1 From Lingnan Materia Medica Collection
4.2 Pinyin name ji? b ? y ? n
4.3 the English name of bing bing is Ovateleaf Holly Bark.
4.4 Alias holly bark, sheep don't eat, Hijikata Chizuru Niansheng, Astor, Guanyin Chai, gall-relieving medicine, Baiyinxiang, Baiyinshu, mountain bear gall, red purple, Ilex latifolia, white aloe, incense, Cornus officinalis, Ilex latifolia, Celastrus orientalis, nine-layer bark, etc.
4.5 Source: bark or root bark of Ilex latifolia.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: Holly.
Harvest and storage: it can be harvested all year round, but it can be fresh and dry.
4.6 The original height of evergreen trees or shrubs Kudingcha is 5 15m. Branches are gray, and branchlets are a little angular and reddish brown. Leaves alternate; The petiole length is 712mm; ; Leaf blade is papery, ovoid to oval, 4 10/0cm long and 24cm wide, with short apex, whole margin, glossy top, 5 pairs of lateral veins and obvious lateral margin. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, arranged in an umbel with peduncle; The pedicel of male inflorescence is 28 mm long and the pedicel is 24 mm long; Dragon; The length of calyx is about 65438 0 mm; Petals 45, green and white, oval and rectangular, 35mm dragon; The ovary is superior. Drupe spherical to oval, 4.56 mm long, red when mature; There is a persistent stigma at the top. The flowering period is May, and the fruiting period is 965438+ 10.
4.7 Habitat distribution ecological environment: It often grows in sparse forests or gullies at the foot of the mountain.
Distribution of resources: Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan.
4.8 Cultivation biological characteristics like warm and humid climate. Light-loving, slightly cold-resistant. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it is suitable for farming on deep and fertile sandy loam.
Cultivation techniques: seed propagation: when the seeds are mature in autumn, select the mother plant with strong growth and save it. Dry large and full seeds and store them in bags. In March of the following year, the seeds were soaked in warm water at 2530℃ for half a day, and then mixed with wet sand to accelerate germination. After the seeds germinate, ditch and drill holes according to the row spacing and plant spacing of 35 cm. After sowing, cover with soil and water to keep moisture. When the height of the seedlings is about 30cm, plant them. Open holes according to the row spacing of 400cm×300cm, apply sufficient base fertilizer, plant 1 plant in each hole, compact, and water foot.
In the first two years of field management, intercropping beans and other crops, weeding 34 times a year, applying organic fertilizer such as organic fertilizer 1 time in spring and autumn. In winter, the drooping twigs and too dense branches of the trunk will be cut off to promote the upright and thick trunk.
4.9 Character identification: The root bark is rolled or slightly curled, with different lengths and a thickness of 0.30 0.5 (1) cm. The outer surface is yellow or taupe, rough, often with lateral wrinkles or slight lateral protrusions; The inner surface is light brown or brown with shallow longitudinal stripes. Hard and brittle, slightly flat, slightly granular, yellow-white or tan. Slight qi, bitter and astringent. The bark is thin, the edge is slightly rolled inward, and there are many oval lenticels on the outer surface. Thick skin, strong bitterness and no crumbs are preferred.
Microscopic identification of root bark cross section: the cork layer is 5 12 rows of tangential extension cork cells, and the cortex is scattered with single or group stone cells, and the inner stone cells are arranged in a ring along the longitudinal direction. The stone cells are rectangular or quasi-circular, with a long diameter of 64 100μm, a diameter of 3250μm and a wall thickness of 816μ m. The phloem is wide, with scattered stone cells, ray series, radial extension of cells and some square crystals. The parenchyma cells in cortex and phloem contain starch granules and calcium oxalate cubes with different sizes, with a diameter of 832 μ m, which are similar. The main difference is that the tangential arrangement of cortical stone cells is intermittent in two rows, while the phloem stone cells are few.
4. The bark of10 contains flavonoid glycosides, phenols, tannins and triterpenoid glycosides, and rotundic acid, 3 o 23 isopropylidene rotundic acid and 3 acetyl oleanolic acid are separated. Stearic acid, sinapine, syringaldehyde, sinapine glucoside, syringaside, pedunculin, β-glucosinolate, β-sitosterol.
4. 1 1 pharmacological action 1. Hemostasis: Titanium white base (triterpenoid glycoside) can shorten the coagulation time in the test tube, and can shorten the hemostasis time for cutting off the femoral artery in dogs, liver lobes in dogs and rabbits, spleen in dogs, ears and mesenteric veins in rabbits.
2. Effect on smooth muscle: Ilex rotundifolia perfuses the ear of rabbits, which proves that it has contractive effect on vascular smooth muscle. Its flavonoid glycosides can partially relax the isolated ileum of guinea pigs and antagonize the intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine.
3. Antibacterial effect: The decoction test tube can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, dysentery (Freund's disease), typhoid fever and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4. 12 Physical and chemical identification Take about 2g of this product powder, add 10ml ethanol, soak for 30min, shake well from time to time, and filter. The test of the filtrate is as follows: ① Take 2ml of the above ethanol filtrate, add ferric chloride test solution, and its color will turn green and blue. (Flavonoids examination) ② Take 5ml of the above ethanol filtrate and put it on a water bath to dry. Add a few drops of acetic anhydride to the residue, and then add 12 drops of sulfuric acid, which is purplish blue or reddish purple. (check triterpenes)
4. 13 bitter; cold
4. 14 meridian lung; Liver; Large intestine meridian
4. The function of15 is mainly used for clearing away heat and toxic materials; Diuretic; Pain relief. Main cold and fever; Sore throat; Stomach pain; Damp diarrhea part; Jaundice; Dysentery; Fall and get injured; Rheumatalgia; Eczema; furuncle
4. 16 oral administration and dosage of Ilex rotunda: decocted, 9 15g. External use: appropriate amount, tamping; Or boil it.
4. 17 Attachment ① Treatment of scrofula and strangulated intestinal carbuncle: Ilex rotundus, Sophora Tonkinensis, Dracaena draconis and Chrysanthemum morifolium. Decoct with water. (Guangxi) 2 Treatment of exogenous wind-heat headache: one or two of Ilex rotundus, decocted in water, and taken three times. ③ Treatment of sore throat: dry Ilex rotunda and San Qian in the sun and decoct them in water to make tea. ④ Treatment of traumatic swelling and pain: two yuan of Ilex rotunda Thunb, one or two pieces of white sugar, and boiled water. ⑤ Decoction for fire injury: dry holly bark. Grind into powder, mix with cold boiled water to make paste, and apply it five to six times a day. (2) Guangxi Chinese herbal medicines are announced as follows) ⑥ Treatment of common stomach diseases: Tiedongqing San Qian, eggshell five yuan, Jiangnan five-flavored San Qian, Bletilla San Qian and Acorus gramineus one yuan. Grind into fine powder, five yuan each time, twice a day, and take it after meals. (Jiangxi Handbook of Materia Medica) ⑦ Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer: Kudingcha 22, cuttlefish bone 42, Schisandra Chinensis 22, bamboo leaves pepper 12. Grinding into fine powder, and making into small particles. Five minutes three times a day. (Jiangxi Handbook of Materia Medica) 8 Treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis: one and a half copies of Ilex rotunda, and eight cents of Wang Wu. Both medicines use bark, scrape off rough skin, slice, add two bowls of water and fry to half a bowl, one dose for each mouth, and take it twice. (Guangxi "Collection of New Medical Prescriptions of Chinese Herbal Medicine") 9 Treatment of neurodermatitis: bear bile skin is three or two, and the decoction is washed outside. (Guangxi New Medical Prescriptions of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
4. 18 Clinical application of Ilex rotundifolia against infection. Making into injection, tablet and solution. 2ml intramuscular injection each time, 4 tablets each time, 34 times a day; The solution is for local external use. Suitable for suppurative diseases (such as skin furuncle, cellulitis, deep abscess, etc.). ), upper respiratory tract infection, acute tonsillitis, acute gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery, burn infection and postoperative infection prevention. 26 cases of surgical suppurative infection were treated clinically, and 23 cases were cured. It was used to prevent postoperative wound infection in 9 cases, and the effect was satisfactory in 8 cases. In addition, the tablet also has analgesic effect, and can be used for stomachache, abdominal pain, renal colic, etc. Generally, there will be no systemic adverse reactions during the treatment.
4. 19 from Chinese materia medica
5 Pharmacopoeia standard of Ilex rotunda 5. 1 name Ilex rotunda
Jiubiying
Ilex rotundifolia
5.2 Source This product is the dried bark of Ilex rotundifolia. Ilex plants. Peel and dry in summer and autumn.
5.3 Properties This product is drum-shaped, semi-drum-shaped or slightly curled with a thickness of1~15 mm. The outer surface is grayish white to light brown, rough and wrinkled. The inner surface is yellow-green, yellow-brown or dark-brown, with thin longitudinal stripes. Hard and brittle, with a slightly flat section. The gas is slightly fragrant, bitter and astringent.
5.4 Identification (1) The powder of this product is light brown to brown. There are many stone cells, light yellow green or light yellow, scattered individually or in groups, with a diameter of 14 ~ 569 m and obvious pores and grooves; Some cells contain calcium oxalate crystals. There are many square crystals of calcium oxalate scattered or existing in parenchyma cells, which are 17 ~ 40μ m long and 7 ~ 25μ l wide. Calcium oxalate clusters can be seen in some parenchyma. Cork cells are colorless or light brown.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 25ml of methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 20min, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add 20ml of water to dissolve the residue, shake and extract with water saturated n-butanol twice, 25ml each time, combine the n-butanol solutions, wash with 20ml of ammonia test solution, discard the ammonia water solution, take the n-butanol solution, evaporate to dryness, and add 65438±0ml of methanol to dissolve the residue for later use. In addition, 0.5g of Ilex rotundifolia was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take syringin reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing lmg/lm 1 as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 2μl of each of the above three solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, develop with chloroform-methanol-anhydrous formic acid (16: 4: 1) as the developing agent, take them out, dry them, and spray them with 10% sulfuric acid-ethanol. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots of the same color or fluorescent spots appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.
5.5 Check that the moisture content in 5.5. 1 shall not exceed 1 1.0% (appendix ⅸ H, first method).
5.5.2 The total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).
5.6 The extract shall be determined by the alcohol-soluble extract method (Appendix X? A) Under the hot dip method, when ethanol is used as solvent, it shall not be less than 25.0%.
5.7 The content shall be determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix ⅵ b).
5.7. 1 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; Use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution according to the following table; The detection wavelength is 2 10nm. Calculated by syringin peak, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 3000.
Time (minutes): mobile phase A(%), mobile phase B (%) 0 ~10/2010 → 4090 → 6020 ~ 3040605.7.2 Preparation of the reference solution, and accurately weigh the appropriate amount of Ilex longipedunculata reference substance.
5.7.3 Preparation of test solution Take about 0.65438±0g powder of this product (passing through No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 25ml of 50% methanol accurately, plug it, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 30min, let it cool, weigh it again, and use 50%.
5.7.4 Determination method Accurately absorb the control solution and the test solution of 10ul respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine to obtain the final product.
The contents of syringin (C 17H24O9) and Ilex longipedunculata (C36H58O 10) should be no less than 1.0% and 4.5% respectively.
5.8 Cortex Ilicis Rotundae pieces 5.8. 1 Processing to remove impurities, washing, wetting, slicing and drying.
5.8.2 Sexual taste and bitter and cold meridian tropism. Enter lung, stomach, large intestine and liver meridian.
5.8.3 Functions and indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting diuresis and relieving pain. Can be used for treating summer-heat and dampness, fever, sore throat, damp-heat diarrhea, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, rheumatic joint pain, eczema, furuncle, and traumatic injury.
5.8.4 Usage and dosage 9 ~ 30g. Appropriate amount for external use, thick soup applied to the affected area.
5.8.5 Store in a dry place.
5.9 Source: People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia 20 10.
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