I. Historical Figures (Ming Dynasty)

Liuji former residence

Compilation notes of Liu Ji's book Wonders of Hundred Battles

Second, the painter (1964-)

Three. Dalian Xigang District Cultural Center Cadre (Painter)

[Edit this paragraph] I. Historical figures (Ming Dynasty)

Liu Ji (1311July1-kloc-0/375 April 16). Military strategist in the early Ming Dynasty, Han nationality, born in Bowen, posthumous title Wencheng, Yuan Wuzong, was born in Wuyang Village, South Tianshan Mountain, qingtian county, Chuzhou Road, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in four years (131). His ancestral home is Liu Shunqi, the grandfather of Yifeng Tianbao in Jiangxi, and his father Liu Zhiqi lives in Tianbao. Military strategists, politicians and writers at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty were familiar with classics and history, were familiar with astronomy and made good use of the method of selecting soldiers. He assisted Zhu Yuanzhang to complete the imperial industry, founded the Ming Dynasty, and tried his best to maintain the stability of the country, so he was famous all over the world and was compared to Zhuge Liang by later generations. Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly called Liu Ji: "My ovary is also."

1, early life

Liu Ji, whose real name is Bowen, was born in Yuan Wuzong on June 15th (13 1 1 July 1). He has a strange temperament and an extraordinary mind since he was a child. Inspired by his father, he is very eager to learn. It is said that reading speed is extremely fast, and you can "read all seven lines". In the first year of Taiding, Liu Ji listened to his father's decision, left his hometown, traveled all over the state capitals, entered the county to receive formal school education, and studied Chunqiu Jing. (1324) In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), Zheng Fuchu, a famous philosopher at that time, gave a lecture in Shimen Cave, 70 miles away from Qingtian County. During a visit, he praised Liu Ji's father and said, "Your ancestors accumulated profound virtues and sheltered future generations; This child is so excellent that he will shine at your door in the future. " Later, Zheng Fuchu's prediction was initially fulfilled when Liu Ji was twenty-one years old. In the first year of Yuan Shundi Yuan Dynasty (1333), Liu Ji went to Beijing to take the exam, and was admitted to the Ming Classics Department in high school.

2. Occupation

In the second year of Zhiyuan (1336), Liu Ji was appointed as the county magistrate of Gaoan County, Ruizhou Prefecture, Jiangxi Province. During his five years as an official, the principle of dealing with local affairs is "be strict with others", be sympathetic to people's feelings, but not forgive illegal acts; For traitors, it is not to avoid power. Therefore, he is loved by the local people, but the local tycoon hates his guts and always wants to find trouble to frame him. Fortunately, officers and subordinates trusted him and avoided disaster.

After resigning, Liu Ji returned to Qingtian for three years (1343), and the court recruited him as the deputy envoy of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai Confucianism and the provincial examiner. Later, due to the criticism and supervision of Yushitie, he could not get the support of the minister of the DPRK and gave him a lot of blame. He had to write and resign for about a year.

In the sixth year of Zheng Zheng (1343), Liu Ji accepted the invitation of his good friend Ouyang Su, went to Dantu with Ouyang Su, lived in Jiaoxi Bookstore near Ouyang Su's home, and lived a semi-secluded life. Make a living by teaching children in the village to read, and occasionally come back with friends such as Moon and Tao Kai.

In the eighth year of Zheng Zheng (1348), Liu Ji ended his semi-secluded life in Dantu for about two years and rejoined the crowd. He came to Hangzhou to live, and his wife gave birth to a son, Liu Lian. During his four years in Hangzhou, he kept in touch with masters of Sichuan, masters and other literati, and also made friends with the poems of scholars such as Liu, Xiong and Yue Hunan. In July of the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1352), Xu Shouhui captured Hangzhou. Before the fall of Hangzhou, Liu Ji returned to his hometown with his family. Shortly after returning to my hometown, a document came from the court. The court appointed him as the Marshal's Mansion in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and his main task was to help local governments wipe out thieves in eastern Zhejiang, especially in Fang Guozhen.

3. Assisting Zhu Yuanzhang

In the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng (1360), Zhu Yuanzhang invited him to be a counselor in Yingtian (now Nanjing), which showed the talent of a very successful strategist. In view of the situation at that time, Liu Ji proposed to Zhu Yuanzhang the strategy of avoiding two-front operations and dividing by one, which was adopted. Zhu Yuanzhang concentrated his forces to destroy Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and other forces successively. Liu Bowen also suggested that Zhu should break away from the independent forces of "Da Ming", and on the other hand, he should take the name of "Da Ming" to attract the hearts and minds of righteous teachers all over the world. In the twenty-seventh year (1367), Zheng Zheng participated in the formulation and realization of Zhu Yuanzhang's plan to destroy Yuan Dynasty. Participated in military aircraft for eight years and planned the overall situation. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Liu Ji was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Pavilion. 1 1 month, Zhu Yuanzhang made great contributions to the country, and was appointed as the official of the country, the doctor of blessing, and the military guard, and was named "sincere". The annual salary is only 240 stone.

4. Late life

In the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Liu Ji, like all officials in Beijing, still attended the early hours of New Year's Day, and then wrote a song "Sui Dynasty in Yi Mao" in Fengtian Temple. Although this is a social entertainment text praising virtue, Liu Ji's mood can still be seen in the poem. In the middle of the first month, Liu Gang, a master of Song Lian, came to Liu Ji's residence and asked Liu Bowen to compile more than 100 volumes of Song Lian's works for reading, and also asked Liu Ji to preface the new book. He agreed without hesitation. In the second half of the first month, Liu Ji caught a cold. When Zhu Yuanzhang knew about it, he sent Hu to see the doctor. The physician made a prescription, and he came back to decoct the medicine according to the prescription. He felt as if there were some uneven stones crowded together in his stomach, which was very painful.

In mid-February, Liu Ji came to see Zhu Yuanzhang when he was ill, and told him tactfully that Hu had come to visit the doctor, and he felt even more uncomfortable after taking the medicine prescribed by the doctor. Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang simply said some words of comfort to let him relax and recuperate, which made Liu Ji quite chilling. In late March, Liu Bowen, accompanied by Mclynn Killman Liu and Zhu Yuanzhang's task force, left Beijing for home. After returning home, he refused all the medicine stones found by his relatives and the village, just trying to maintain a normal diet.

A few days later, Liu Ji knew that the future was numbered, so he found two sons to explain the aftermath. After he finished the account, he asked Mclynn Killman Liu to bring a gobbledygook from his study and said to him, "After my death, you should present this book to the emperor immediately without delay; From now on, don't let our descendants of the Liu family learn this knowledge. " He also said to his second son, Liu Jing, "The essence of politics lies in the combination of leniency and severity. What the imperial court should do now is to cultivate morality as much as possible, and the law should be as concise as possible. Those who are in office on weekdays, if they can lead by example and influence the masses with morality, the effect will win over the punishment and have a far-reaching impact. Once a subordinate or person makes a mistake, he can put himself in others' shoes with a kind mind, and the sentence will certainly be fair to others and alert people to turn over a new leaf. If the law can be as simple as possible and easy for people to understand and abide by, it can avoid people being at a loss, and also establish the credibility of the government and a good image of benevolent people. In this way, God will help me live forever. " He went on to say: "I originally wanted to write a detailed suicide note to tell the emperor my last thoughts and lessons, but Hu is still here, and it is useless to write it." However, when Hu was defeated, the emperor would definitely think of me and ask you my last words. Then you can secretly play my words to the emperor! " Finally, he died in his hometown on April 16 at the age of 65. In June, he was buried in the summer countryside.

In the eighth year of Emperor Zong Zhengde's reign (15 13), the imperial court gave him a surname, posthumous title Wencheng. In the tenth year of Emperor Sejong's Jiajing (153 1), due to the suggestion of Li Yu, a doctor of punishments, the court again discussed Liu Ji's achievements and decided to let Liu Bowen enjoy the ancestral hall like Xu Da and other founding heroes.

5. Works

Liu Ji is a famous politician, thinker and writer in the history of China. He has profound attainments in politics, military affairs, astronomy, geography and literature. His works are as follows:

* Yu ion

* "Fu Bu Ji"

* "Love Story"

* "Li Mei Gong Ji"

* spring and autumn are quiet.

All of the above are included in the collection of Sincere Bo.

Orangeman's words

* "Hundreds of battles"

* "Eighteen Strategies for Current Affairs"

* "Dragon Artifact Array" These are all attached by later generations.

In addition, there are many folk novels about Liu Bowen. Among them, it is said that he often travels incognito and observes people's feelings. He also said that he was good at divination, often dressed as a Taoist, and wrote Pancake Song, suggesting to Zhu Yuanzhang the future of Daming, even hundreds of years after the death of Ming Dynasty. However, since Liu Bowen died as early as eight years in Hongwu, the truth of these stories and predictions is in doubt.

Among them, Yu ion is depressed and quite literary; Li, one of the gossip, represents fire; Depression means civilization, which means that if the future generations of the world use four words, they will certainly reach the rule of civilization. "Residual ion" is Liu Bowen's excuse. When Liu wrote Jade Ion, he was 47-50 years old and was at the peak of his life. He was depressed for the first half of his life and was unable to display his ambition. Later, he was deprived of military power, so he gave up his official position and retired to his hometown Qingtianshan to write about Yu Ion. Soon after writing, he ran away from home and became Zhu Yuanzhang's confidant, helping Zhu Yuanzhang to establish a unified Ming Dynasty.

"Yu" not only reflects Liu Bowen's thought of governing the country and protecting the people as a politician, but also reflects his talent view, philosophical thought, economic thought, literary achievement, moral conduct and profound knowledge. In the process of writing Yu, Liu Bowen's whole ideological system, especially his views and opinions on social politics, became more mature and systematic.

6. Family

Liu Ji's ancestors can be traced back to his seventh ancestor, Liu Yanqing. Before that, it was difficult to verify, only knowing that the Liu family lived in a rich area.

* Liu Yanqing, the Northern Song Dynasty Xuandutong Shaobao, was a naval officer in the town. The difficulty of Jingkang lies in the fact that the remnants died under the enemy's arrows when they fled.

* Liu Guangshi, whose name is Shu Ping, is the second son of Liu Yanqing, and the official to the surname Yang Guogong.

* Liu, a scholar who is willing to be indifferent to lofty morality, is unwilling to be an official and cannot live in seclusion. He even moved his family from Lin 'an to Zhuzhou, away from the hubbub, making mistakes in class and bowing to support himself.

* Influenced by his father, Liu Ji did not take office and moved the Liu family to Wuyang in Qingtian, so Liu claimed to be Qingtian. By practicing the self-demand of benevolence and righteousness, we urge our children to follow the way of benevolence and righteousness taught by sages.

* Liu Hao and Yi Zeng saved Lin Rong, an anti-Yuan righteous man, and a group of righteous men, and set fire to their homes. Later, people even predicted that such a righteous act would bring blessings to future generations.

* Liu Tinghui, whose name is Suntech, is knowledgeable. He dabbled in astronomy, geography, Yin and Yang, medical divination and other knowledge, and worked in imperial academy in Yuan Dynasty.

* Liu Xuan, with a dark word, read widely, and was an official in Suichang.

children

* Mclynn Killman Liu, the eldest son of Liu Ji, was born in Yuan Shundi in the eighth year of Zheng Zhi (1348) and the tenth year of Hongwu (1377). He clashed with party member in Hu and was coerced into falling into a well and died.

* Liu Jing, the second son of Liu Ji, was born in Yuan Shundi in the 10th year of Zheng Zheng (1350). Later, he bluntly said to Ming Chengzu, "After your highness dies, you can't escape a usurper." Arrested and imprisoned, hanged himself in prison.

[Edit this paragraph] Liu Ji's former residence

The former residence is a five-bay room. 13 1 1 June 15, where Liu Jisheng was born; 1375 April 16 died here. There are inscriptions and stone mortars built by Liu Ji after he abandoned his official position at the age of 48. "Ming history? Liu Jichuan "contains:" Hongwu gave him his old age in the first month of the fourth year, but he didn't talk about drinking and playing chess. I can't ask for an audience with the city order, but I am an audience with an anonymous savage. The base is full of feet, so that my son can be introduced into the hut. " This shows Liu Ji's humble abode and noble character at that time.

Liu Ji's historical achievement is that he can conform to the historical trend and actively help Zhu Yuanzhang bravely shoulder the great cause of reunifying China. He mainly did the following six major events:

(1) Zhu Yuanzhang abandoned Wang Xiaoming and stood on his own feet. Zhu Yuanzhang is the ministry of Guo Zixing. After Zixing's death, Guo Tianxu was appointed viceroy, deputy viceroy and Zhu Yuanzhang as deputy viceroy. Zhu Yuanzhang borrowed the title of Dragon and Phoenix, nominally controlled by Wang Xiaoming. After Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Nanjing, he went to Zhejiang according to the left area of Huaihe River, was regarded as Wu Gong by his subordinates, set up a book province in Jiangnan, and still served Han Liner. At the beginning of the year, Zhongshu made a salute to the throne, but only the base did not worship. He said, "What did you give me?" Because I met Mao, Chen's fate was there. The so-called destiny is to make Zhu Yuanzhang ambitious, accomplish a lot and shoulder the mission of establishing a new dynasty.

(2) Zhu Yuanzhang made a "conquest plan". Zhu Yuanzhang started in Huaiyou, and after crossing the river, his power developed rapidly, but he was still confined to Zhejiang, with Zhang Shicheng in the east and Chen Youliang in the west, all rivals. If he is not careful, he will be in danger of destruction. At that time, many people thought that Zhang Shicheng should be captured first according to the rich and Rao area of Suhu. However, Liu Ji believes that "scholars are self-sufficient and careless; Friends dare to rob the main association, the name is not correct, they are based on the upper class, and they forget themselves every day. It is advisable to find out first. Chen's downfall and Zhang's potential loneliness can be decided at one stroke. Then go north to the Central Plains, and Wang Ye can become a great instrument. " Zhu Yuanzhang adopted this strategic decision and became emperor.

(3) in major battles, or strategizing, or personally directing the battle at the front. Liu Gene is proficient in military strategy and astronomy and geography, so he is often "fearless in times of crisis, courageous, firm in strategy and unpredictable." For example, in A.D. 1360, Chen Youliang led 300,000 chosen men and 5,000 warships to capture Taiping, enter Caishiji and reach Jinling, which was very powerful. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had only 100,000 troops in Jin. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, the civil and military ministers in Zhu Yuanzhang's army were in chaos: some advocated surrender; Some advocate giving up the sky and accumulating strength to care; Some people advocate attacking and fighting to the end ... Liu Ji is alone, and Zhu Yuanzhang invited him to his bedroom for advice. Liu Ji said: Liu Zhang's surrender and escape should be punished by beheading, because they don't look at the good situation and spread the feeling of failure. In fact, Chen Youliang thought his troops were very strong, and he won several battles. He is even more complacent and supercilious. We took advantage of his pride, set an ambush, led him deep and broke a drum. After listening to Liu Ji's opinion, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to conquer. Liu Ji had the courage to work hard and made a plan: first, send someone to lie about surrender, let Kang Maocai lure Chen Youliang to attack the city at night, and agreed to call "Lao Kang" as a contact signal from Chen Youliang to Jiangdong Wooden Bridge. Chen Youliang doesn't know what the plan is. As a result, he ordered 300,000 soldiers to go to Jiangdong Bridge. There is no wooden bridge, only an iron bridge. People are called "Lao Kang", but no one agrees. Just as he was wondering, he was caught in a rainstorm. Ambush on all sides, Chen Youliang fled to the river. Who knows that Liu Ji will seize and plunder as many warships as possible, leaving only 300 broken ships by the river. Chen Youliang's defeated army was eager to cross the river when they heard the gunfire, and the wrecked ship sank more than half of the people. As a result, Chen Youliang's main force was completely annihilated, Chen's momentum was defeated, Taiping was recovered, and Anqing, Xinzhou and Yizhou were captured. Chen Youliang had to lead the rest of the wounded and defeated troops to flee to Hanyang in panic.

Three years later, Chen Youliang rallied, claiming to be a master of millions, and once again launched a life-and-death Armageddon with Zhu Yuanzhang in Poyang Lake. At this critical moment of victory or defeat, Liu Ji and Zhu Yuanzhang always participated in the military aircraft to help each other and strategize. Once, he suddenly found that the waterfowl flew in surprise. Liu Ji predicted that this was Chen Youliang's fleet focusing its fire on Zhu Yuanzhang's command ship. At this critical juncture, he immediately pulled Zhu Yuanzhang up and transferred him to another ship. Before they were seated, the original ship had been smashed by Chen Youliang cannon. At that time, Chen was overjoyed to see Zhu Yuanzhang's command ship sunk. Unexpectedly, Zhu Yuanzhang was still directing the battle, and the soldiers became more and more brave, and finally defeated Chen Youliang and Kerwin Chen. This war is an example in the history of our country, and it is called the Battle of Poyang Lake.

(4) Before the founding of Hongwu, it was ordered to build Nanjing in 1366. 1367, obtained the Taishi Order, which was applied to Shanghai Dali, and made laws together with Li Shanchang, yang xian, Fu Xian and Tao An. After Zhang Shicheng was pacified, Zhang Yun wrote a letter praising merits and urged Zhu Yuanzhang to eat, drink and be merry in time. Liu Ji immediately pointed out: "I want to show it to Zhao Gao." Remind Zhu Yuanzhang in time to be prepared for danger in times of peace.

(5) After the founding of Hongwu, Liu Ji formulated the Law on Military Defense, and put forward the idea of "leniency for the people and severe punishment for greedy officials" in order to purge military discipline, rectify official management and severely punish greed and waste. For example, Bing Lin, who is in charge of the book province, committed corruption. Although Prime Minister Li Shanchang interceded for his friend, Liu Ji still resolutely opposed Bing Lin. Liu Ji also protested against the construction of the East Capital, reminding Zhu Yuanzhang not to underestimate his enemy. He said: "Fengyang is the hometown of the emperor, but it is not the capital. Wang Baobao cannot be light. "

(6)6 1 year-old retired from his hometown and advised Zhu Yuanzhang that "after the frost and snow, there will be spring. Now that the national prestige has been established, it is advisable to be lenient and use less. " Zhongjing, the second son of his dying will, played Zhu Yuanzhang after Hu's defeat: "The husband is as lenient as reincarnation. Today's thing is in Xiu De Province, praying for eternal life, all forms are more important than the key place. It is appropriate to contact the capital. "

Of the above six major events, the first three helped Zhu Yuanzhang conquer the world, and the last three helped Zhu Yuanzhang consolidate the world. It shows that Liu Ji is an outstanding strategist and politician. He is not only a founding hero, but also a good minister of governing the country.

[Edit this paragraph] Description of the compilation of Liu Ji's work Hundred Wars

"Hundred Wars in the Vernacular Chinese" consists of five parts: prompt, translation, original text, annotation and appendix, which are explained as follows:

(1) "Prompt": It includes two parts. First, briefly summarize the central content and spiritual essence of each "exposition", and point out the relationship between its exposition and classical military theory, as well as its desirability or limitations. The second is to analyze the relationship between the gains and losses of each "historical case" in operational guidance and the success or failure of operations, as well as the experience and lessons that can be learned. Because most of the historical cases quoted in this book are relatively simple, the author generally analyzes them with original historical cases. The quotations in the analysis are the same as those in Hundred Wars, and the source is no longer indicated. Those that are different or lacking include the source.

(2) "Translation": Under the premise of being faithful to the original intention, it strives to be accurate, popular, vivid and easy to read, and conforms to military terminology. If the original content is incomplete or too brief, which affects the coherence of the text, brackets "()" are generally added to the supplementary translation.

(3) The Original: In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1504), Ma's edition of The General Outline of Military Classics and the Strange Method of Hundreds of Wars was the base edition (referred to as "), and in the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1599), Tang Fuchun's edition of The General Outline of Military Classics and the Strange Method of Hundreds of Wars was the first edition. However, this edition only contains the revised version of Wang Qishen's Amazing Methods of Hundreds of Battles (referred to as "Wang Ben"), which is included in the series of "The Art of Military Strategy" engraved in the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636). As a reference school, all important collations are noted in this book. There are two problems to be emphasized in the collation of the original text:

First, the ancient art of war quoted in this book (that is, the content of "Fa Yue") is different from the original text, which affects the original intention. It shall be corrected according to the original text, and the reasons for correction shall be explained in the Notes; Although the quoted text is different from the original text, it does not affect the original intention. Generally, only the original text is indicated, and no text changes are made. Where the quotation is missing, add square brackets "]" after the supplement.

Two, the historical examples cited in the book, where the quotation is contrary to the historical records, are revised according to the original; Although the quoted text is different from the original text, it has not changed its original intention and generally will not change; If there are important omissions in the quotation, if it is not supplemented, it will affect the coherence and integrity of the text or belittle the military characteristics of the book, then it will be supplemented according to the original history book, and the supplementary components will be placed in square brackets.

(4) "Notes": Try to be accurate and concise, and generally do not make textual research on etymology and etymology. The main contents of the notes are: the interpretation of uncommon words, important technical terms, quotations and historical examples of Sun Tzu's Art of War, historical figures and place names, important collating notes and taboo words that can prove the age of the book. What needs to be emphasized here is that historical figures involved in historical cases are generally marked, but when the same figure appears many times in different articles, it is only marked for the first time; Historical place names involved in war cases are generally marked with today's place names, but although the same place name in the same dynasty has appeared many times in different historical cases, it is only the first time to be marked, and the same place names in different dynasties are marked separately.

(5) Appendix: In order to facilitate readers to know the writing time and author of this book, there are two appendices at the end of this book: 1, Hundred Wars is not the work of Liu Ji in Ming Dynasty; 2. Questioning "distinguishing fakes from hundreds of battles".

[Edit this paragraph] Second, the painter (1964-)

(1964- up to now) 1984- 1985 Air Force literature and art teaching team engaged in art work, 1986- 1989 studied in the oil painting department of An Academy of Fine Arts,1999-200650.

Major achievements:

* 1999 oil painters participated in the 9th National Art Exhibition * In 2002, the oil painting Yak series participated in the 16th Newcomer Art Exhibition of China Artists Association * In March 2002, the oil painting Plateau participated in the 10th National Art Exhibition.

[Edit this paragraph] III. Dalian Xigang District Cultural Center Cadre (Painter)

1956 was born in Dalian. 1984 to 1986 studied in the Oil Painting Department of Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts. He graduated from Liaoning Institute of Education, majoring in fine arts education, and is a member of Liaoning Artists Association. Now I work in the cultural center of Xigang District, Dalian. The oil painting Lama was selected for the Eighth National Art Exhibition, and many works such as Night Wind and Street were selected for the Provincial Art Exhibition, and many works were published in newspapers at all levels. , participated in the 8th National Art Exhibition and published the following albums: Liu Ji's Painting Collection (1), Liu Ji's Painting Collection (2), Zhu Changdu by Zang Dongming from 2002 to 2006 and Quiet Place in Tibet.