Vasily andreyevich zhukovsky, Russian poet. Father Bunin is a rich landlord, and mother Sharich is a Turkish female prisoner. He was adopted by Andrei zhukovsky, a ruined landlord, and lived in Bunin's house since childhood, and his childhood was very lonely. He attended the noble boarding middle school affiliated to Moscow University.
At that time, during the debate between Russian classicism and sentimentalism, the headmaster was familiar with western European romantic literature, which had a certain influence on Zhukovsky's literary interest. After graduation, I continued to study English, French and German literature. 1802 The first poem published was Elegy of the Graveyard translated by the English poet Gray. From 1808 to 18 10, he edited the European Bulletin and published poems. 18 12 participated in the Great Patriotic War and wrote a poem "Singer in Russian Military Camp", which was well received.
Since 18 15, he has been serving in the court, first as Bandu, Queen of Paul I, and since 1825, he has been the teacher of Alexander II. He lived in the imperial court for 25 years and wrote less.
Zhukov's political views are conservative, and he has always disapproved of revolutionary actions. However, he used his close relationship with the Tsar to try to reduce the punishment of The Decemberists poets, improve the situation of Shevchenko, Pushkin and lermontov, and help poor literati.
1839, gave up his position in the imperial court and went to Germany. Later, she married the daughter of German painter Leiteng and lived in Germany for a long time.
Zhukovsky is recognized as the founder of Russian romantic poetry. His poems mainly describe inner life, dream world and feelings about nature, and are often based on folk fairy tales (such as the elegy Dusk,1806; Jean and Essien,1815; Story poem lyudmila,1808; Svetlana,1808 ~1812; Twelve sleeping girls, 18 17).
Zhukovsky's poems are not in contact with social themes, and have a vague and mysterious color, which is the representative of negative romanticism. Although his poems are influenced by sentimentalism, the language is pure and beautiful. It can be said that Pushkin is a pioneer in expressing his inner feelings and creating new expressive skills and rhythms, which has a good influence on the development of Russian poetry. Belinsky said that he "gave Russian poetry a soul". He added, "Without zhukovsky, we wouldn't have Pushkin." But his romantic tendency is conservative because he is divorced from the real society and immersed in the inner world.
Zhukovsky has made great achievements in translation. He has translated Homer's epic The Odyssey, the oriental epic Lu Sturm and Zorab, and the poems of Byron and Schiller into Russian. Before his death, he was still translating the Ilion. Living abroad in his later years, his eyes gradually became blind, and his religious concepts and conservative thoughts were strengthened. He finally died in baden-baden, and his body was buried in Petersburg.
Zhukovsky also loves painting. Among Russian writers, poets are the best at painting, and zhukovsky is the best at painting.
In his poems and paintings, there is a stable, dignified, reserved, peaceful and human temperament.
It should be said that he is a landscape painter. Unlike lermontov, he is not an all-rounder in painting. The figures he painted are very small in the landscape, only figures without faces, much like the "finishing touch" in China's landscape paintings. Sometimes when putting people in front of the screen, he only paints the back of the characters, even the portrait he painted for his mother is sitting at the table, facing the window and facing away from us, without drawing the nose and eyes on the side. He avoided his own shortcomings and highlighted his own advantages.
According to Nicola Nikolai Gogol, his single-line sketch is very fast. Every time he goes out to sketch, he can draw many works, and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol envies him.
In Zhukovsky's time, sketch was a means of collecting materials, and it had to be processed and created after returning to the studio. So sometimes zhukovsky will arrange these sketches into watercolors or oil paintings. For example, in Room in Pavlovsk Palace, he added watercolor to the elaborate line drawing, and he drew the royal family in cool blue at the end of 18. His best works are eight watercolor sketches brought back by his trip to Caucasus, which should be regarded as masterpieces in the history of Russian painting.
Zhukovsky and his art are very much in line with his status as a court teacher. He is knowledgeable and well-educated; He is rigorous and peaceful, and his appearance is elegant. Whether poetry or painting, there is a noble spirit. His paintings are quiet, solemn, stable and noble. He once made a very complicated map based on his travel records in the Caucasus and other places, and from today's point of view, this map is also very accurate. He also painted "frontispiece illustrations" for his complete works of literature, adopting the style of copperplate printing. Painting is lyrical, meticulous, elegant and poetic. These extraordinary talents enabled him to sit firmly on the throne of the court teacher for 25 years. On the other hand, only the superior conditions of the imperial court can fully and evenly release his talents.