Since the publication of Water Margin, there have been different opinions on Song Jiang. Song Jiang is the most complicated and enduring character in Water Margin. Is he treacherous or has both loyalty and righteousness? Is it sanctimonious, or a Jianghu hero?
Song Jiang's nickname
Every hero in the Water Margin basically has only one nickname. Song Jiang has four nicknames: Black Sung River, Xiaoyi Heisaburo, Timely Rain and Hu. And each of his nicknames shows his characteristics in this respect and also shows the complexity of this character.
Water margin 18:
Nayas, surnamed Song, is a famous Jiang, surnamed Ming, ranking third, and his ancestral home is Songjia Village, Yuncheng County. Because of his dark face and short stature, everyone called him Black Sung River. Moreover, he is filial to his family and generous to those in need. Everyone calls him filial to Kursaburo. ..... home in Yuncheng County. He is proficient in knife and pen, and he is proficient in the official road; I also like to learn guns and sticks, and I have learned many kinds of martial arts. I've been trying to get to know the hero in the Jianghu all my life, but someone came to see him. There are high and low, take whatever you want, and stay in the pavilion on the villa, chasing it all day, and you are not tired. When I think of it, I try my best to help, and I spend money like water. People ask him for money and things, and they don't shirk it; And it is easy to do, and it is often difficult to solve disputes, but it is only considerate of people's lives. ..... Shandong and Hebei are very famous, and they are all called timely rain.
Where is Hu? The fourth nickname is "Hu". The word Hu, until today, is unclear to everyone. There is an explanation that Baoyi was a military attache in the Southern Song Dynasty, named Bao Ichiro. Another explanation, saying "guarantee", is guarantee; "Righteousness" means loyalty, and "protecting righteousness" means keeping loyalty and calling, which is what everyone calls him. Generally speaking, the word Hu actually refers to Song Jiang's attitude towards the country, the court and the emperor.
Understand Song Jiang's first angle;
That's what he did. He works as an escort in the county government. Therefore, judging from his family background, education and occupation, his family background endowed him with a certain sense of justice, and his occupation cultivated his habit of being cautious and improvising, and also cultivated his means of playing politics. This is our understanding of Song Jiang from the first angle. ? Song Jianggang gave him a comprehensive introduction when he appeared in the Water Margin 18 episode. He farmed for generations, farmed for generations, and kept some fields to live. I studied the history of Confucian classics since I was a child and was educated by traditional culture. more importantly,
Understand Song Jiang from the second angle;
Second, is Song Jiang a hero? Or a loyal minister of the country? We can analyze several things before and after he went to Liangshan. Before going to Liangshan, he privately played classical music for his confidant brothers. Killed Yan Poxi for fear of exposure. From these things, we can say that Song Jiang is a brave hero. Then he went to Liangshan and became the leader of a rebel army. He led several battles of Liangshan brothers, which fully demonstrated his command and organization ability. After being accepted, he became a loyal minister of a country. He changed the hall name of Liangshan from "doing justice for heaven" to "protecting the country according to heaven", which was only the behavior of a loyal minister of the country. Therefore, no matter what kind of subjective feelings we praise or belittle Song Jiang, or love or hate him, we can't deny that he is a successful artistic image in the gallery of classical literary figures in China.
Song Jiang has many commendable advantages. He is filial to the old lady, good to his friends and loyal to his country. These are all in line with the virtues of life that we understand and believe in. It is precisely for this reason that almost all people in the water margin can accept him, so that on the day after Wang's death, he became the leader of all heroes more smoothly. This is not only the opportunity given to him by history, but also the result of his accumulated virtue and hard work. To put it mildly, it is called "conforming to public opinion."
However, Song Jiang also has many limitations. The previous criticism of Song Jiang once attributed the problem to his "surrender". I don't quite agree with this view. As far as political relations are concerned, his behavior is a kind of "surrender". Because he belongs to the camp of the peasant army, and the camp represented by the emperor belongs to the aristocratic landlord class. In particular, he led his brothers to attack Fang La and wiped out the strength of another peasant army with the strength of one peasant army, which really involved the issue of class stance. But judging from Song Jiang's consistent ideological characteristics, he doesn't seem to regard himself as a "peasant class". He has always paid attention to "upholding justice for heaven", in which "heaven" represents the continuation of "bloodline" More specifically, he cares about the "country" rather than the "regime". Supposedly, with his military strength, he could kill Kaifeng and "seize the bird seat", but in the end this concept of "bloodline" bound him and made him make the final decision. This "bloodline" here is actually the "country" in his eyes and heart.
Song Jiang's limitations are actually very obvious. He accepted the invitation on his own initiative. His starting point, as he has been chanting, is to find a bright way out for his brothers. In fact, how many of his brothers have such a bright future as "rarity"? Lin chong? Chai Jin? Lu Junyi? Huarong? Are there any Ruan brothers, jy and others who have already lived at the bottom? It can be said that almost no one wants this so-called "bright way out", and the most typical person who really needs this "bright way out" is only Song Jiang. But how did he end it? From being an escort in his early years to being appointed as a state official, it is just one thing, not as high as his position as a leader of Liangshan. As for Song Jiang, who was born as an escort, from an escort to a state official may be a bright way out. Supposedly, Song Jiang felt at ease.
Song Jiang's feelings are not evaluated for the time being. Just say how much Song Jiang has paid for this so-called "bright way out". 108 will lose more than half and kill so many of his own brothers, which is one of them; It destroys the class brothers and deviates from the feelings as "class", which is the second kind. Maybe three or four. Judging from the comprehensive performance, Song Jiang's behavior is not worth the loss. Perhaps, in doing so, he maintained his deep-rooted "country" and "lineage", but whether this belief is pure nobility or pure selfishness is really worth discussing in that particular story.
1. Song Jiang has several nicknames. What do they mean?
Everyone in Water Margin has nicknames, such as Zhi Duo Xing Wu Xingyong, Black Cyclone Li Kui jy, Leopard Head Lin Chong and so on, while Song Jiang has several nicknames. Song Jiang, nicknamed Black Song Jiang, Black, Timely Rain, Hu, etc. Now explain it in the order before and after the nickname appears.
1, Koichi Kursaburo: This is from Song Jiang's handling of family relations. Song Jiang's handling of family relations is mainly filial piety, especially for his father, and other things will not be detailed.
2. Timely Rain: It mainly means that he is ready to help others. There are 25 such narratives in Water Margin, which shows the heroic nature of Song Jiang to some extent.
3. Hu: Until today, we still can't give a satisfactory explanation. According to textual research, it is related to an official name in the Song Dynasty. Most scholars believe that this nickname reflects Song Jiang's attitude towards the imperial court.
Second, how to evaluate Song Jiang's life?
In the evaluation of Water Margin, there are different views on Song Jiang. Jin Shengtan was the first to comment. He said that Song Jiang was an inferior person, and he was very righteous. Song Jiang himself said: black in appearance, short in stature, born in a small official, he can't be literate, can't be convinced by force, can't be tied with the strength of a chicken, and can't be an arrow (Chapter 68 of Water Margin). Explain that Song Jiang still has self-knowledge. To tell the truth, I don't know Song Like Jiang, but we should judge Song Jiang from the reality and rationality of his works, not from his personal likes and dislikes. Now I will analyze Song Jiang's family background, education and occupation.
1. The influence of Song Jiang's birth and occupation on his thought, personality and life path.
When Song Jiang appeared in the novel, he said that he and Song Taigong (Song Jiang's father) were farmers in the village, lived in some rural areas and worked as escorts in Yuncheng County. He is proficient in knives and pens and officials. ......。
Song Jiang studied Confucian books since childhood, received traditional education, and entered the society to be a escort (petty official) in the county government. He is proficient in knives and brushes. His birth experience and personality enable him to understand and experience the sufferings of the people, have a sense of justice, develop a cautious and resourceful attitude, and like to play politics. Because he is a small official, he knows the law and has the habit of obeying it. After Song Jiang arrived at the water margin, he dealt with the problem comprehensively. Some people say that he is hypocritical and plays politics, which is his way to deal with problems. Such as capturing Qin Ming and ceding Lu Junyi. After he committed a crime, the yamen put a cangue on him. Others flail, he said no. This is a national law.
2. Before going to Liangshan, Song Jiang was a hero and a classic of benevolence and righteousness. When there was a contradiction between law and righteousness, Song Jiang ignored statutes. He made a certain contribution to the cause of Liangshan. He killed Yan Poxi when he gave the Liangshan hero the last straw.
After Song Jiang went to Liangshan, he became the leader of the rebel army. He himself says that he has no advantage in both civil and military skills. Why can he be the leader of the water margin? This is because Song Jiang has the following advantages: he has a certain appeal in the rivers and lakes; Caring for brothers and trying to save them when they are in trouble; Have certain organization and military command ability, such as Sanda Zhujiazhuang Campaign. He paid attention to summing up experience, starting with investigating the actual situation, and broke up Zhujiazhuang and the other two alliances.
4. After Song Jiang was recruited, he became a loyal minister of the imperial court. His idea is to contribute to the country and ensure the safety of the people. After the death of Chao Gai, Song Jiang changed "Juyitang" to "Loyalty Hall", which was a great event for the insurgents and a key for Song Jiang in Water Margin. After he was called up, he changed the banner of "doing good for heaven" in Liangshan to "protecting the country according to heaven", and also changed from a rebel leader to a subordinate who obeyed the court. At this time, Song Jiang's thought is: I love the country, the emperor represents the country, the court does not live up to me, and I do not live up to the court. He didn't listen to the dissuasion of Wu Yong and others, and went to woo Fang La, the leader of the rebel army, and played miserably.
5. Tragic ending. After Song Jiang led the people to recruit Fang La, there were 27 heroes left in the original 108, and the rest were either sacrificed or left, but the court didn't trust him and killed him. Before Song Jiang died, he was afraid that Li Kui jy would rebel again and let Li Kui jy drink medicinal liquor and get poisoned.
Song Jiang's life is tortuous. First, he is a hero and a Liangshan hero. After joining the army, he became a loyal minister of the court and finally had a tragic ending.
Third, what do you think of Song Jiang's acceptance of "woo"?
1, Song Jiang's acceptance of woo has a historical basis, not created by the author out of thin air.
In the 32nd chapter of Water Margin, it is said that woo was put forward by Wu Songxian, and Song Jiang agreed. There are stories about courtship in history, but it is only about 100 words, and there are quite a few scenes in the novel, and the plot is very specific.
2. The stories of Song people and folk stories describe Jiangdu in Song Dynasty.
There are records of courtship in the posthumous works of the Great Song Dynasty, and there are also courtship contents of Song Jiang and others in folklore stories.
3. What do you think of Song Jiang's acceptance of harness?
This is related to Song Jiang's contradictory personality. On the one hand, he is a heroic hero and the leader of the rebel army. On the other hand, he wants to serve the court and be loyal to the monarch and the people. However, it is consistent for Song Jiang to want to woo, unlike Song Wu, who proposed it at first, but when Song Jiang proposed to woo, Song Wu was the first to stand up against it. Song Jiang insisted on wooing and serving the imperial court until death do us part.
In the thirty-ninth chapter of the Water Margin, Song Jiang wrote an anti-poem: The heart is in Shandong, the body is in Wu, and the heart is floating in Pengjiang Lake. When she was young, Ling dared to laugh at Huang Chao's husband. I think this is because he is drunk, but it doesn't represent what Song Jiang really thinks.
Four, about "two kinds of" Water Margin "and" two sung rivers ".
This was put forward by a scholar of Hubei University.
1. From the perspective of typology, this statement is not completely in line with the reality of novel creation.
2. The key is how to treat Jin Shengtan's addition, deletion and modification of Song Jiang's image.
Jin Shengtan changed the Water Margin from 120 to 70 chapters. During this period, he made a lot of revisions to the original text, including additions, deletions and changes to the novel. It should be said that he contributed to the spread of Water Margin.
Song Jiang is a controversial figure in Water Margin. People have different opinions about him for many years, but while we hate and criticize Song Jiang, we have to admit that Song Jiang is one of the most successful and representative figures in Water Margin, and he has a lot of room for future generations to comment.
The audience applauded Professor Zhang's speech warmly. Finally, the host researcher Fu Guangming said: After listening to Mr. Zhang Jun's wonderful analysis, can we think and understand Song Jiang, a contradictory and complicated figure? However, no matter what kind of subjective feelings you have towards Song Jiang, whether it is praise or disgrace, love or hate, it is undeniable that he is an opportunist under the banner of benevolence and righteousness, a rebel leader with impure motives, a capitulator who betrayed Liangshan and took refuge in the imperial court, or a peasant leader with revolutionary temperament. He is an extremely successful artistic image in the gallery of classical literary figures in China.
2) Lu
Lu, formerly known as Lu Da, is an official of the Seed Department of Song Weizhou. He was eight feet long when he was born, with a wide waist and a big face, a straight nose and a beard on his cheeks. He was attacked because he was like the fire of human nature. He died in Guanxi town with three punches and fled to avoid disaster. Later, he became a monk in Wutai Mountain Wen Shu College. Because of the embroidery on his back, he became a monk in the Jianghu.
The reason why Lu went to Liangshan: After Jiuwen Dragon entered Shijiazhuang, he came to Weizhou to find a master, and met the master and the ruler Lu Da successively. As soon as Shi and Lu hit it off, they went to the restaurant to drink together. Just as he was happy, someone in the next room cried. Lu Da called Kim's father and daughter and asked why. Only when he knew that the golden girl was occupied by the local bully Zheng Tu, Luda was very angry and went to get even with Zheng Tu. He was persuaded by Shi and Li Er, and the three men gave the money to Kim's father and daughter. The next day, Lu Da sent the Kim father and daughter away first, and then found them under the Champion Bridge. He didn't do it, but killed him and ran away with three punches. He reunited with Kim's father and daughter in Yanmen County and became a monk in Wutaishan Hospital on the recommendation of her husband, Mr. Zhao. He can't stand monks because of two drunken troubles. With letters from wise elders, he voted for Sokokuji in Bianjing and defeated Zhou Tong, the bully in Taohua Village. When I came to Tokyo, I was sent to the vegetable garden, uprooted weeping willows, and the town took the masses to splash the skin. While performing martial arts, he met Lin Chong and became friends. Lin Chong was trapped, and Lu made a scene in the wild pig forest to save Lin Chong. Later, I met Yang Zhi, Cao Zheng and others to win Erlong Mountain. After the Three Mountains Juyi War Huyanzhuo, it was the same as Liangshan. Astronomical stele is a lone star in the sky, accounting for 13 of 100, making it a leader in the water margin army.
Lu's ending: Lu went up to Liangshan and was brave and good at fighting, opposing wooing. After Liangshan surrendered to the imperial court to pacify Liao, Lu went to Wutai Mountain to see Elder Zhizhen and asked about the future. Elder Zhizhen said: Catch in summer, hold the wax, listen to the tide, and see the letter silently. Later, Fang La's general Xiahou Cheng was captured, and Fang La himself was captured. On his way back to Beijing, it happened that Qiantang River arrived in Hangzhou. Lu remembered the words of his elders, asked the meaning of "death", bathed and changed clothes, burned incense as a seat, and died without regret. The imperial court made Fang La a righteous Zen master because of his outstanding achievements in capturing him.
1) Love and hate are clear. He is heroic, brave and resolute. He is crude and meticulous. He helps the poor and needy. He hates hatred: he is very sympathetic and concerned about the Kim family's father and daughter who are bullied by the local bully town Kansai. After listening to the complaints of Kim's father and daughter, he offered them silver coins and personally protected them from escaping from the jaws of death. It was only after Kim's father and daughter escaped from the jaws of death that he came to the town's Kansai butcher shop to provoke Zheng Tu, let him do it himself, and finally killed the people, showing his excellent quality of helping the poor and hating evil.
(2) Generosity, valuing righteousness and being stingy with money: It has nothing to do with Kim's father and daughter, but after listening to their complaints, they immediately asked Kim's father and daughter to return to Tokyo. When he felt that all his money was not enough, he turned to nearby Jong Li for help. When Jong Li took out two taels of silver unhappily, Lu Da thought that Jong Li was not generous and returned the silver to him.
(3) forthright and bold, courageous and resourceful, and the details are rough: In order to ensure that the father and the daughter can leave safely, Lu Da actually "sat for two hours" at the door of the store, dragging the clerk to pursue the actions of the Kim family, "waiting for Gong Jin to go away before getting up."
When punishing the bully town in Kansai, we didn't do it indiscriminately. Instead, we adopted the strategy of stimulating first and then attacking, and let Zheng Tu do it with boning knife first, leading him to the street and questioning Zheng Tu in public, so that everyone could understand that "beating Zheng Tu" was a just move. Until Zheng Tu died unexpectedly, he was improvising, and he was not surprised by embarrassment: "This fellow faked his death, so take your time to pay attention." "One scolds and one strides" ... all these show Luda's brave and resourceful personality characteristics.
Lu, known as the Flower Monk, is an important figure in the novel Water Margin, and is also one of the top eight generals in Liangshan. His real name is Lumingda, and his dharma name is profound after he became a monk. Lu Daben served as a policeman in Weizhou's ethnic economy and was appointed as the economic governor. In order to save the weak woman Jin Cuilian, he killed Zhenxi with three punches and was chased by the government. On the way to escape, introduced by Mr. Zhao, Lu arrived at Wutaishan Academy and became a monk. Elder Zhizhen said, "A little light is worth a thousand dollars. Buddhism is vast and famous. " He found a place to live and remained anonymous. However, in the temple, it was difficult for Shen Zhi to abide by the rules and regulations of Buddhism, which caused the catastrophe of Wutai Mountain. Elder Zhizhen had to ask him to vote for Sokokuji in Bianliang, Tokyo, and gave him four parting words: "Every forest will be rich, and every mountain will be rich. When it comes to water, it will be prosperous, and when it comes to rivers, it will stop. "
Lu guarded the vegetable garden of Suoguo Temple, surrendered to the local ruffians, uprooted weeping willows, met Lin Chong and became brothers. Lin Chong was in trouble and stabbed Cangzhou. Shen Zhi secretly protected him all the way. In the wild pig forest, he and Xue Ba tried to hurt Lin Chong, but they took timely action and saved Lin Chong's life. After that, he was escorted to Cangzhou, 70 miles away. Shen Zhi fled the Jianghu again under the pressure of Gao Qiu. Later, together with Yang Zhi, he laid the Zhu Bao Temple in Erlongshan, Qingzhou, and became an outlaw. After Song Wu became a walker, he joined in.
Hu's serial horse was cut off by Xu Ning, and he went to Murong, the magistrate of Qingzhou, to make trouble. So Erlong Mountain, Taohua Mountain and Baihu Mountain joined forces to attack Qingzhou. Song Jiang led the leaders of the two slopes down the mountain to reinforce. After success, everyone went to Liangshan on an equal footing, and Lu and Lin Chong met again.
Liangshan 100 single 8 will be assembled and seating will be arranged. Lu is a lone star in the sky, ranking thirteenth and first in the battle sequence of infantry leaders. Soon, Song Jiang showed the meaning of courtship in her red poems, and both Song Wu and Li Kui jy were unhappy. Lu said to him, "Today, all officials and soldiers in the imperial court are evil and deceive saints. Worse than mine. It was dyed into soap. How can you wash and kill? It's not easy to woo! Then I will say goodbye, and I will look for them one by one tomorrow. " After Song Jiang and others were wooed, Lu accompanied Song Jiang to Wutai Mountain to attend the ceremony of the wise elder. Master said, "It's not easy to kill and set fire to a disciple for several years!" Four more parting words: "Catch in summer, and pay close attention to prevent waxing. Listen to the tide and be round, see the letter and be silent. "
Later, Sung River conquered Fang La and fought against Wulongling. Lu chased Xiahou Cheng, but lost his way in the mountains; With the help of a monk, he broke free from the entangled well and captured Fang La alive. Sung river exultation, advised Shen Zhi to be an official. Yinzi sealed his wife to worship his ancestors. Shen Zhi said, "I am ashamed of my family and don't want to be an official. I just want to find a clean place to settle down. " Song Jiang also advised him to live in a famous mountain, show off his sect style and repay his parents. Shen Zhi said, "No! It's no use asking for more. Only the body is powerful. " Song Jiang and others won a great victory and stayed in the Liuhe Temple in Hangzhou for one night. When Shen Zhi heard the tide letter from Qiantang River, he suddenly realized. He said: "Every summer. I killed it in Wansonglin and captured a Xiahou Cheng alive. Holding on to wax, I captured Fang La alive; Today is the answer of "listen to the tide and circle, see the letter and be silent". When you meet the tide, I want to be silent. " So he bathed and changed clothes, and died of nirvana, leaving a eulogy saying, "I have never cultivated good fruit in my life, but I only love killing people and setting fires." "Open the golden rope abruptly and break the jade lock here. Hey! The letter from Qiantang River came, and today I know that I am me. " The final evaluation of Master Jing Shan Dahui on Lu is: Lu, Lu! Get up from the green forest. Two arson eyes and a murderous heart. Suddenly, I drifted home, and there was nowhere to be found. Duh! Solution makes the sky full of white jade, which can turn the earth into gold.