190 1 was knighted by Queen Victoria. He is an excellent weapon designer. The Maxim machine gun designed and invented by him initiated a new era in the development of automatic weapons in the world. Ma Keqin also made great contributions to the development of smokeless gunpowder, which made his machine gun more effective.
Chinese name: Hiram Stevens Maxim mbth: Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim Nationality: British birthplace: Maine, USA Date of birth:1February 5, 840 Date of death:1916 65438+1October 24 occupation. Inventor's main achievement: 1884 made Maxim machine gun. Profile, resume, family, life experience, education background, workshop worker, employed by machinery company, middle-aged brilliant career, retired Ma Keqin, Maxim machine gun, profile. Hiram Stevens Maxim was born in Abbott Rowe, an ordinary and poor village in Sangersville, Maine, on February 5, 1980. 19165438 2006+065438+1October 24th, Ma Keqin died in Stresen, England. He is one of the greatest mechanical geniuses in history and is known as the father of automatic weapons. During his decades of designing automatic weapons, he designed a variety of automatic mechanisms and made outstanding contributions to the development of light weapons in the world. Its outstanding achievements are as follows: first, three automatic modes (free bolt, air guide and short recoil barrel) are realized by using the energy of gunpowder gas for the first time; Secondly, the automatic ammunition feeding system is successfully developed, which uses the energy of gunpowder gas to complete the ammunition feeding. This kind of ammunition supply mechanism, which takes the bullet chain and bullet gear as the core, is still widely used in various automatic weapons, especially various light and heavy machine guns. Ma Keqin's resume 1840 Ma Keqin was born in Maine, USA. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he was apprenticed to a carriage manufacturer and started his invention career in his uncle's factory in Massachusetts. 1886, he obtained a patent for a perm, and later invented a gas generator for lighting and a headlight for a locomotive. He emigrated to England on 1883. 1884 He makes machine guns. After retiring, Ma Keqin devoted himself to the research and invention of large amusement machines. Relying on the patent income of machine guns, he built the world's first amusement park in Blackpool, northwest England, and installed large amusement toys such as electric swivel chairs. Ma Keqin's brother Hudson Maxim Cochin was also a military inventor, especially in explosives. Ma Keqin's son hiram percy maxim (1September 2, 869-1February 7 1936) was also a mechanical engineer. He invented the silencer and improved the internal combustion engine. Life Experience Education Background Like most self-taught people, Ma Keqin doesn't have enough money to receive a better education. He relied entirely on his own efforts, and a limited number of books played a vital role in his life development. Of course, the influence of family on him should not be underestimated. The Ma Keqin family is descended from the French Hugo family. After being deported from France to England, he moved to Plymouth, England and Massachusetts, USA. From 65438 to 0846, 6-year-old Ma Keqin was sent to a local primary school in Sangersville, and his extraordinary mechanical talent was revealed at an early age. /kloc-entered a carriage workshop as an apprentice at the age of 0/4. At that time, he made a small wooden boat and a horse-drawn hoe and rake. At that time, he basically worked 16 hours a day. This early hard apprenticeship not only honed Ma Keqin's will, but also enabled him to learn many skills, which is very beneficial to his future development. A few months after the production of the hoe and rake machine, he went on a short trip and hunting with his brother, which not only exercised his body, but also gave him a preliminary understanding of the structure of weapons, laying the foundation for his future development of weapons. After that, he returned to school with the money he earned from selling hides, but his student life was short. Sir hiram tried to shoot a worker in Maxim's machine gun workshop, and then Ma Keqin was hired as a worker in Flint's carriage workshop. Many machines in the workshop are driven by water. Ma Keqin studied painting and many machining arts here. He devoted a lot of time and energy to designing various carriage parts. Through his efforts, the carriage business of the workshop has gradually improved. I worked in the carriage workshop for four years and opened a small flour processing factory, which was both a boss and a worker. At that time, all flour mills were invaded by rats. Ma Keqin invented an automatic mousetrap, which made his flour mill a success. Unfortunately, at that time, flour processing generally did not pay cash, but only paid flour. In the end, Ma Keqin was unable to run his own business, and the flour mill closed down. 186 1 year, he came to Dexter, Maine alone, where he was hired as a carpenter. At this time, when the American Civil War broke out, he signed up for the local security team, but he soon got tired of this life, which he dubbed "playing with soldiers." Soon after, he left Maine and went to Huntington, Canada. Since then, due to business dealings with various business partners, he has often moved from one place to another. In Canada, he has done dozens of jobs. 1863, after he returned to his hometown in Maine, there was a book that had a great influence on his future research, that is, the Juul Dictionary of Art, Mineral Resources and Manufacturing Technology. He spent the whole winter reading this book, which became an important stage of Ma Keqin's lifelong education. During this period, he spent much more time studying than spending time with his girlfriend who is about to get married. Sir hiram is testing the Maxim machine gun 1885. King Edward VII of England watched Ma Keqin operate a machine gun. In the late civil war, he was employed by a machinery company. He is employed by Olivier Company, which specializes in mechanical production in Boston. Because of his improvement of gas lighting, he introduced many important inventions, one of which was the automatic fire extinguisher, and he also obtained the invention patent of the fire extinguisher. At present, the automatic fire extinguisher still adopts the basic principle of Ma Keqin's successful development. He used this patent to establish a gas lighting production company at 264 Broadway, New York, in partnership with Mr. A.T. Stewart, the richest gentleman in the United States at that time. A brilliant career in middle age During the bidding for municipal lighting in the United States from 65438 to 0880, Edison tried his best to crowd out his competitor Ma Keqin, forcing him to sell his company and leave the United States. In war-torn Europe, Ma Keqin wants to start a new career. One of his friends said to him, "throw away your chemistry and electricity." If you want to get rich, invent a weapon to make it easier for Europeans to kill each other. " This sentence greatly inspired Ma Keqin, so he began to study efficient killing weapons. Ma Keqin and Ma Keqin, who invented the machine gun, began to design automatic weapons. In the 35 years after his 19 16 death, they designed countless automatic weapons and mechanisms. At the initial stage of Ma Keqin's research on automatic weapons, a variety of automatic rifles and automatic pistols were designed, but none of them were commercially produced or produced any economic benefits. The first fully automatic weapon mechanism designed by Ma Keqin started from 1882 and was completed in 1883, which is also the first truly successful automatic weapon mechanism in the world. Automata is improved on the basis of the automaton designed by Gardello in the United States. It has become a successful automatic machine without guns, and it is the first automatic system that uses the energy of gunpowder gas for automatic circulation. He designed a detachable gunstock. There is a passage in the rifle butt, and the butt plate is connected with the trigger fixing rod through a connecting rod and a spring passing through the passage. When shooting, gunpowder gas drives the bolt to recoil, compressing the spring between the bolt butt plate and the rifle itself, pushing the connecting rod to act on the lever of the trigger holder, unlocking the bolt and pulling out the shell, and the compressed spring pushes the bolt to re-enter, pushing the next bullet into the chamber and locking the bolt, so that the next bullet can be fired, and the weapon can realize full-automatic shooting. 1883, this mechanism was successfully applied to winchester 1866 rifles, which attracted the attention of the whole of Europe and was immediately applied to many 0.44 inch winchester rifles. Since then, it has also been applied to many weapons. For example, the first fully automatic rifle successfully developed-the American rapid-fire rifle with a sliding chamber adopted the Ma Keqin automatic system. Ma Keqin began to develop and test machine guns in 1884. His first experimental machine gun used a 0.45-inch gatling barrel. During the test, six bullets were placed in the air inlet, and all of them could be fired within half a second. The ammunition feeder used in the experiment is an old vertical funnel. He soon realized that it was impossible to realize automatic shooting with this ammunition supply system. After many tests and improvements, a large ammunition chain with a length of 6.4m and 333 rounds of ammunition was successfully developed. The ammunition supply organization designed by Ma Keqin can automatically pull the ammunition chain through the ammunition entrance. The first experimental machine gun was equipped with external firing rate controller and firing device, which was later cancelled. From 65438 to 0884, Ma Keqin's machine gun design was basically completed. After more than a century, this basic automatic mechanism designed by Ma Keqin has rarely changed, and it can still be seen in many modern automatic weapons such as machine guns. 189 1 year, the first Maxim machine gun was installed in the British army. After 1893, the British began to equip one after another. The regular army is equipped with two guns per battalion, replacing the Gatling machine gun equipped by the British army. Since then, Maxim machine guns have been equipped with armies from all over the world. Maxim machine guns entered the United States and China from 1888, 1899 was equipped with German armored forces, and 19 12 was equipped with Turkish troops. In World War I and World War II, various types of Maxim machine guns were widely used by countries all over the world. The automatic loading system shows the retired Ma Keqin. The various automatic weapons he studied brought more violence and cruelty to the war and brought more suffering to people all over the world. He has seen too much blood and tears. After retirement, he completely gave up the research on automatic weapons and began to study large-scale electric entertainment facilities, and used all his income to build the world's first playground in Blackpool, England. 1 91165438 In 2006+10/24 October, the Battle of the Somme with casualties of110,000 just ended. On this day, Ma Keqin passed away, but the automatic weapon he left to the world still roars on the battlefield. Maxim Machine Gun Since the first Maxim machine gun came out in 1884, there have been many different types of Maxim machine guns, large and small. The big one is a heavy machine gun that needs two people to carry the March, and the small one is a light machine gun that can be picked up with one hand. Typical models are 1893 maxim machine gun, British 0.303 inch MK 1 maxim machine gun, Russian M 19 10 Ma Keqin, Austro-Hungarian Empire "Schwartzlos _07- 12", and German MG08//. M188611.43mm maxim heavy machine gun 1893 maxim machine gun is the world's first automatic weapon with gunpowder gas as its energy source, and it is also the world's earliest water-cooled machine gun. The appearance of this machine gun is an important milestone in the history of world weapons development. The 0.303-inch (7.7 mm) MK 1 machine gun is a medium-sized machine gun produced by the Royal Light Weapons Factory, which is improved on the basis of the 1893 machine gun. From the appearance, the main difference between it and 1893 machine gun is that a cooling groove is added outside the water cooling pipe, and the shape of the shell is slightly changed. In essence, the shape and structure of the bracket and connecting hoop of the two guns are completely different. MK 1 machine gun adopts a disc-shaped bracket, which can be mounted on a wheeled gun rack and is easy to carry, and the structural action reliability of this gun is much higher than that of 1893 machine gun. MG08/ 15 7.92mm Ma Keqin light machine gun is improved on the basis of MG08 Maxim heavy machine gun. The main differences between this gun and MG08 Maxim heavy machine gun are: adding a tripod and a stock; The shell and barrel socket have been partially improved; The elastic chain is installed in the elastic drum with a reel, and the elastic drum is hung on the right side of the chassis when launching; The bipod is movable and can be fixed near the muzzle or at the front edge of the drum, and the needle spring box is provided with a needle spring force indicator. Maxim's heavy machine gun was invented and applied in the war. 189 1 year, the British colonial army fought the Zulu people in Rhodesia. A team of 50 British troops repelled 5,000 Zulu attacks with four Maxim heavy machine guns, killing 3,000 Zulu people, which fully demonstrated the power of heavy machine guns. MG08 Maxim heavy machine gun