1985 February 15, China's first Antarctic scientific research station, the Great Wall Station, was completed in the south of Fields Peninsula, king george island, Antarctica. Five days later, the inauguration ceremony of the Great Wall Station was held in the heavy snow.
Establishment process
prepare
1In June, 983, China joined the Antarctic Treaty. Under the Antarctic Treaty, it is divided into negotiating countries and contracting countries-the latter has the right to speak in Antarctic international affairs, but has no right to vote and make decisions. As there is no research station in Antarctica, China is listed as a contracting state.
In September of that year, the12nd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Canberra, Australia. A three-member delegation from China, including Guo Kun, attended as an observer for the first time. However, whenever the meeting discussed the substance and entered the voting agenda, the President of the meeting announced that the States parties were invited to have coffee outside the meeting room.
And even the voting results were not announced afterwards. "In Guo Kun's view, this is an unbearable humiliation. 1In February, 984, after the China Academy of Sciences held the "Zhu Kezhen Prize for Field Science Work", 32 award-winning scientists wrote to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the topic of "March to the Antarctic", suggesting that China establish an investigation station in the Antarctic for scientific investigation.
Starting from the height of the country, the leaders have repeatedly considered the necessity and related funding issues. The National Antarctic Survey Committee and the State Oceanic Administration also organized relevant experts to demonstrate the overall plan of Antarctic survey and Antarctic station construction, as well as the clothing, food, housing, transportation, boats, power generation, communication, surveying and mapping, meteorology, engineering machinery and equipment, and logistics support of each branch.
As a result, preparations for China's first Antarctic station are proceeding in an orderly and tense manner. Site selection is one of the tests to be faced. To set up an investigation station in the Antarctic covered with ice and snow all day, it can only be set up in the short summer, that is, from mid-June 165438+ 10 to mid-March of the following year. If you can't finish the task in summer, it will be delayed for one year.
Lay the foundation
1984165438+10 on the morning of October 20th 10, China's first Antarctic expedition took the ship "Xiang Yanghong10" and "J 12 1".
During the voyage of nearly 20,000 kilometers across the Pacific Ocean, China also conducted an all-round and continuous marine scientific expedition, including marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geophysics, marine water literature, marine meteorology and other disciplines 1 1.
12: 3 1 on February 25th, 2008, the ship "Xiang Yanghong 10" sailed 60 degrees south latitude-according to the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty, this means that China ships sailed into the South Pole for the first time, and the Antarctic expedition organized by China reached the South Pole for the first time.
During these three days, despite the bad weather, experts visited Attlee Bay, Nelson Island, Adele Island (also known as Penguin Island) and Fields Peninsula. Finally, we came to the south of Fields Peninsula, a stepped cobblestone zone.
After field investigation, Dr. Liu Xiaohan, a geologist, thinks that this place belongs to the pebble beach type, with tertiary basalt schist weathering zone above the pebble zone, which has moderate hardness and many characteristics suitable for station construction: flat and open, long coastline and flat beach; There are three freshwater lakes with good water quality and suitable for drinking; Suitable for multidisciplinary investigation; Away from other stations, relatively independent; It is 2.3km away from Ma Erkai Base Airport in Chile, with convenient transportation.
After many on-the-spot investigations and studies by the expedition members, it was determined that the southern part of the Fildes Peninsula in king george island was the site of the Great Wall Station in China Antarctic. 1984 65438+February 3 1 day 10 (Beijing time1984 65438+February 3 1 day at 22: 00), China's first Antarctic expedition was held in king george island, Antarctica, and the foundation laying ceremony of China Great Wall Station was held grandly.
Complete a project
1On February 20th, 985, the Great Wall Station, the first Antarctic research station in China, was announced to be completed, which filled a gap in China's scientific undertakings.