Ya ya āi ji

& lt； Fang > 1, grandma; 2. Respect old women. This explanation should come from Hunan dialect. Dictionary of Chinese dialects: Mian, Grandma and Xiang dialect; Honorary appellation of elderly women, southwest mandarin, Hunan dialect; Mother, from Jinjiang, Linwu, Hunan. Another sister, grandmother or old woman. Xiang dialect. Hakka dialect uses eldest sister, meaning 1, grandma; 2. grandma; 3. Respect for elderly women, etc.

Miao and Jie have the same etymology, but their usage, meaning, color and geographical scope are different. In fact, the meaning and usage of sister words in Xiang dialect and Hakka dialect are much richer than those in Modern Chinese Dictionary and Chinese Dictionary. Comparing their similarities and differences, exploring their sources, and analyzing their meanings and usages can deepen the understanding of Ami reconciliation, deepen the understanding of dialect appellations, supplement the shortcomings of existing dictionaries, and enrich the study of modern Chinese vocabulary.

1 Like the elder sister.

1. 1 Min and its solution and related cognates

The word "Min" appeared earlier in dialects: between Nanchu Waterfalls, and its mother names are Min and Min. After dialect, this word appeared in Guangya, Jiyun, Leipian and Discourse successively. She is actually a knowing word, that is, mother also.

The word "elder sister" appeared earlier in Shuowen: Shu people are called mother sisters. Later generations often quoted Shuowen, such as Jade Piece and Guang Yun. I am a pictophonetic character.

Min and Jie were both called mothers in the early period (Han Dynasty or before).

According to the sixth interpretation of Boya Yin in Tang Dynasty, its pronunciation is I cut my scissors and the son leans on it. Check the manual of ancient Chinese characters: the pronunciation of the word is Jingmu, and its onomatopoeia is ts. My ancient Chinese character pronunciation is Yi Song. Take the sound, the onomatopoeia is A, and I must be tsa. The ancient sound is a shadow song, the upper sound is a quasi-sound, the sub-leaning cut is ts ǐa me, Guang Yun is a five-cut, the doubtful fruit is a, the mother and son are ts, and the sub-I cut is tsa；; Yi, "Guang Yun" is in the first place, the shadow paper is in the third place, and E, the sub-cut is ts?e, which is consistent with Qi Zujie's pronunciation and should be closely related in meaning.

Sister's pronunciation can be found in Ding Shengshu's "Manual of Ancient and Modern Phonetic Alphabet Control"; Midnight, driving in Sanma. Only alto. Manual of ancient phonetic notation: Yee, Guang Yun asks for leave for Yuma, and the onomatopoeia is jǐa, so it is refined mother ts, and the onomatopoeia is TS ǐ a, and Guang Yun is divided into seven sections, Qing Ma is divided into three sections, tshǐa: Zu, Guang Yun is divided into ancient, refined and old meet, tsu. Sister is consistent with the middle ancient sound, and so is the ancient sound. Big sister and ancestors are the result of transfer (according to Lv Zongda).

There are also social fathers, fathers, grandfathers and so on who are in the same strain as Min and Sister.

Wen Tingyun once discussed the phonology of "Jie", "Min" and related cognate words in "dapu county Xin Yan Zhi No.2" ... The article said: Grandpa is called Grandpa, or Gong Dade is too eager for him; Grandma is the sister outside. Or big sister. Listening to Classics Press: Dialect, between Nanchu Waterfall and Huaihe River, refers to the female as the mother and the father as the father. Alas, Guo Pu has many sounds, and many of his sounds can be reversed, just like Gu's. Say the beauty of literary training, the cut of sound scale. It has the same voice as the ancient sister society, so it is said that it is the same as the father and sister society. Guangya's father also taught his father a lesson, and Cao Xianyin was extravagant, and he was no longer extravagant. According to legend, the Shu people call it the mother sister Huainan Weishe. Gao said that Huainan said that the mountain was a training cloud, Jianghuai Wei Mu was a society, and Luo Jia called the public a society. Gai Zhumin is called his grandparents' parents, but because he wants to say goodbye, he is different in different places ... Father is the father of dialect and sister is the mother of dialect. It turns out that the two keys are different, and the ones that can be cut more and more are the same as my dad. Those sound the same as sorority.

The word "one" and "two" are the transition between my sister and my father. Their relationship is: Chi-Jie, and more importantly, Chi-Dad. Dad prefixed with father should be the last word to appear. According to Guo Xiliang's Handbook of Ancient Chinese Characters, my father's ancient sounds are all the rhymes of songs, and those of the society are all the rhymes of fish, but the rhymes of songs and fish are very close. The initial consonants of She, Yuan and Yuan belong to the supralingual sound, while the initial consonants of Dad belong to the lingual sound, with similar pronunciation positions. Therefore, the cognates "Sister", "Min", "She", "Aunt" and "Dad" have phonological basis. Besides, leaves are also cognates. Grandpa, the ancients only used the word "ye". Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop; Father, mother, son and wife, staring at you. Note from the cloud: Gu Yuefu: I don't smell Ye Niang crying, I smell the Yellow River splashing. Later, the word "leaf" came into being. Jade Piece: Ye, with Geqie and Vulgarity as the father words. According to the ancient phonetic alphabet manual:

Ye (ancient) and Yang Ping; (wide) cover cut, the rest of the hemp leaves are three flat holidays.

The ancient sound of this word is also tricky. The initial consonant is the equivalent lateral sound of Japanese vowels on the tip of the tongue, similar to Chang Shuchan and others. Should live in the same clan as my sister, aunt, society, aunt and father.

Judging from today's dialect, the cognates related to Bamin and Jiejie are "Yiya" and "Ye Yi".

In some places, mother is called Yi Ya (the homonym chosen by the author when studying Wuping dialect). In fact, in Wuping dialect, sometimes there are suffixes, sometimes there are no suffixes, and the front or back are ambiguous), Loudi dialect dictionary is written by leaves, and in Chinese dialect vocabulary, Jian 'ou dialect is written by * □, with the specific pronunciation as follows:

⑴ Wuping: I 452 Ia32 Wudong i453ia 2 (Lin Qingshu, Wuping Dialect Research);

(2) Yongfeng: I2A1; Yongxiu i5 (Liu Lunxin, Comparative Study of Hakka Dialect and Gan Dialect);

⑶ Jian 'ou: i54ia22 (Chinese Department of Peking University, vocabulary of Chinese dialect);

(4) Loudi: Ye Yi i32i 44= Munai m 1 1ma5 1, with a common mother name (Yan Qinghui, Liu Lihua, Loudi Dialect Dictionary).

In addition, the Dai language is called Grandma ja6 or Me 7ja6. In Zhuang, Dong, Shui and other Zhuang and Dong languages, mother is called ja.

We think that "eyah" is a meaningful division of elder sister, with tortuous changes in pronunciation. In Hakka dialect, eldest sister is mainly used as the title of grandmother, and eyah is mainly used as the title of mother. I could have called my mother and her peers, or my grandmother and her peers. Maybe at some point, my sister divided into Yi. In Dai language, grandma is called big sister, also called Yiya. In Zhuang, Dong and Shui languages, mother is called ja. It provides a clue for the evolution from eldest sister to eyah, and also provides a basis for the Hakka dialect eyah to come from Zhuang and Dong languages.

To sum up, Yi Yi and Jia in Zhuang and Dong languages have the same or similar pronunciation, and both refer to female elders in the sense, which is undoubtedly cognate words; In phonology, father, father, grandfather, etc. It is also related to sisters, fathers, mothers and Jia in Zhuang and Dong languages. In the sense, it refers to male elders. In ancient times, there may be no distinction between male and female elders, or matriarchal clan society only called female elders, and patriarchal clan society appeared male elders. Therefore, Yiyi, Jia Dong and Dad Ye are homologous.