He, astronomer, specializes in celestial mechanics and satellite dynamics. Take the lead in applying laser micro-new technology to domestic geodesy, and independently and accurately measure the earth's rotation parameters.

Chinese name: He.

Nationality: China.

Place of birth: Shanghai

Date of birth: 1935 65438+ 10 65438+July.

Occupation: astronomer

Representative works: He. Discovery and analysis of precession in China. Shi Wenji of science and technology, 1978, etc.

brief introduction

He,1935 65438+1October 17, was born in a small clerk's family, ranking the second in the family. Father He Kangning works as a warehouse tallyman at China Merchants Wharf. My mother Yu Gendi is an illiterate housewife who does housework all day. Less than two years after He Fu Miao was born, the "August 13th Incident" broke out. Japanese invaders attacked Zhabei, and his home was destroyed by gunfire. His parents took him and his measles respectively.

My brother fled into the concession in a hurry, but he finally survived. From then on, he spent his childhood under the iron hoof of the Japanese invaders. Conquered people-like life has buried a deep hatred for the Japanese aggressor army in his young mind, hoping to grow up at an early date, drive the enemy for the country and contribute to the rejuvenation of China. Since 194 1, Heshang Xicheng Primary School; 1947 was admitted to Gezhi Middle School, a prestigious school with a long history and a solid foundation in mathematics and physics. Academically, he loves mathematics. After class, he loves to read popular science books, especially astronomy, and has an interest in it. So he entered the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy of Nanjing University after graduating from 1953 middle school. Because his father was unemployed for many times and his family was poor, He Fu Miao avoided the threat of dropping out of school only by obtaining various grants. When he graduated from high school, he planned to find a job as soon as possible, share his worries for his family and take care of his younger brothers and sisters. Only with the encouragement of middle school teachers and the support of parents did he get rid of his worries and continue his studies. During my study in Nanjing University, I dropped out of school for one year because of recurrent bleeding from duodenal ulcer. 1956 at the climax of marching into science, he joined the Communist Youth League.

1in the autumn of 958, He Fu Miao was assigned to the Sheshan Observatory of China Academy of Sciences (which was affiliated to the Purple Mountain Observatory at that time) as a research intern, and since then he has lived a monk's life of astronomical observation and research. At that time, the conditions in Sheshan were still very poor and the traffic was inconvenient. He only goes down the mountain once every other month to visit his parents and get together with his brothers and sisters. From 1958 to 1966, under the guidance of Hengli and Wanlai, I participated in two projects, namely "General perturbation calculation and orbit improvement of asteroids" and "Self-determination and statistical study of RR variable stars in Lyra". The words and deeds of the two tutors made him establish a firm belief in astronomical observation and research. Inspired by this spirit, he took the mountain as his home and took pleasure in suffering. Observe all night at night and be busy with calculation and analysis during the day. In this way, He Fu Miao spent his youth on the top of Sheshan Mountain. What excites him is the results of the above two topics: 100 new orbital elements of many asteroids were adopted by the asteroid calendar edited and published by the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy of the former Soviet Union entrusted by the International Astronomical Union; There are nearly 100 RR variable stars in Lyra, both in quality and quantity, which belong to the advanced level of similar work in the world. These two achievements have won awards successively. Six related papers have been published, among which the research article on perturbation function is his graduation thesis written under the guidance of Nanda Yi, and it is also his first paper published. From 1974 to 1977, he served as the leader of the research group on the history of astronomy, sorting out and studying the ancient astronomy of the motherland. From 65438 to 0978, he was promoted to assistant researcher and deputy director of photographic astrometry and stellar astronomy laboratory. 1July, 1979, He went to the Institute of Advanced Orbital Mechanics at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, and served as a visiting scholar in American national public schools. This is something he never dreamed of, and naturally he is very excited. During the two-year research, he devoted himself to the study of satellite dynamics and its applications under the guidance of Professor B.D. Tapley, director of the Institute and academician of the American Academy of Engineering. Relying on his years of hard study and accumulated knowledge and experience in planetary orbit research, he quickly mastered a series of knowledge from precise orbit determination of artificial satellites to data processing and reduction methods of laser satellites. When his further education was about to expire, his American tutor once again retained him and promised to continue to give him financial support. And his brother in Nigeria (1949) also advised him to stay longer in order to reunite his long-lost brotherhood in a foreign country. However, he finally chose to return from his studies and serve the motherland, and did not live up to the trust and expectations of the party and the people. 198 1 In July, he returned to Shanghai from Biyan in the Pacific Ocean as scheduled. At the Shanghai Observatory, he was appointed to set up a satellite dynamics laboratory as the deputy director and director of the new laboratory. And passed the promotion to associate researcher exam on 1982. 1September 28th, 983 is an unforgettable day for He who became a member of China. Under his leadership, the institute actively participated in the national 7435 satellite dynamic geodesy mission; Take the lead in opening up new fields of satellite laser observation and application research in China; Strive to establish a global laser measurement and health data processing center. 1September 1983 to1984+05438+September 2000, under the leadership of Academician Ye Shuhua, all relevant stations in China participated in the international main joint measurement of the earth's rotation. Shanghai Observatory is recognized as an international auxiliary center for various observation data processing, among which He is responsible for the processing and analysis of global laser observation data. 1In June, 1985, he served as the deputy director of Shanghai Observatory. In September of the same year, he was approved as a doctoral supervisor of astrometry and celestial mechanics, and was promoted to a researcher in June 1986. 1987- 1994 presided over two international cooperative research projects: geodesic research using EGP satellite between China and Japan (one of the national-level scientific and technological cooperation projects between China and Japan) and China-GDR's measurement of earth rotation parameters using advanced satellite geodesic method (one of the cooperative projects between the two institutes, 1990 was suspended). 1995 ~ 1999 is a visiting researcher at Changchun Satellite Observatory of China Academy of Sciences. In more than 40 years of scientific research work, "perseverance, perseverance; "Open your mind and keep your feet on the ground" is his motto in life. "Up to now, he has published more than 60 papers, 4 works 14 and 5 translations in the fields of celestial mechanics, satellite dynamics, space geodesy and astronomical literature history. The achievement won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award 1 item and the first prize of provincial and ministerial science and technology progress award 2 items; 6 second and third prizes; Training 6 doctoral students, master students 1 person. With deep feelings of his youth, he attached importance to the popularization of science, wrote articles, books and lectures, and disseminated astronomical knowledge to students and the public.

He also served as vice chairman of the Chinese Astronomical Society and director of the professional committee of celestial mechanics (1989 ~ 1992), member and deputy head of the astronomy evaluation group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (1988 ~ 1993), and progress in astronomy (19893). Member of the scientific organization of the professional committee of celestial mechanics and almanac of the International Astronomical Union (1988 ~ 1994 and 1994 ~ 1997). 1986 and 1993 were invited to Japan for short-term lectures and cooperative research. 1988, the Ministry of Personnel awarded him the title of "Young and Middle-aged Expert with Outstanding Contributions", 1989, and was commended by the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council and the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese as "National Excellent Intellectuals of Returned Overseas Chinese and Their Families". 1991July began to enjoy the special government allowance issued by the State Council.

Biographical notes

1935 65438+ 10/7 was born in Shanghai.

1953 ~ 1958 studied in the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy of Nanjing University.

1958- 1962, research intern at the Purple Mountain Observatory of China Academy of Sciences.

1962- 1977, research intern at Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1974, head of astronomy history group.

1978- 1979, assistant researcher at Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and deputy director of the Laboratory of Photoastrometry and Stellar Astronomy.

1979- 198 1, a visiting scholar at the Institute of Advanced Orbital Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin.

1982- 1985, deputy director and director of the satellite dynamics laboratory of Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1985 ~ 1993, deputy director of Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1986- 1995, researcher and doctoral supervisor of Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1995- 1999, visiting researcher at Changchun Satellite Observatory, China Academy of Sciences.

scientific and technical payoffs

An accurate real-time satellite forecasting method is proposed.

Before measuring the distance of artificial satellite with laser, the satellite should be predicted in advance so that the laser beam can hit it accurately when flying over the sky. The three-dimensional position (including direction and distance) prediction of satellites used as laser targets was originally provided by the Smithsonian Astrophysics Station and Goddard Space Center. However, the practical experience shows that the satellite calendars calculated by their conventional forecasting methods often fail to reach the accuracy level of satellite position prediction required by narrow divergence angle laser beams except for the near epoch time. Moreover, the low-precision prediction of satellite distance also prevents the signal detection system of ground laser rangefinder from using just the right short time window or distance gate, which is one of the main reasons why satellites, especially high-orbit satellites such as LAGEOS (Laser Geodynamics Satellite) with a ground height of 600km, cannot be hit by laser during the day. Therefore, in order to prolong the observation period of laser satellite and realize automatic tracking during the day, it is urgent to improve the satellite forecasting method. During the period of 1979, based on the fact that each station can generally track the first few laps of the satellite according to the rough ephemeris, and each station is usually equipped with a small electronic computer, He Fu Miao proposed to popularize the application of Kalman filter in cybernetics to process several laps of laser ranging data in real time to improve the orbit, so as to accurately predict the near-term position of the satellite. He also tested this method with LAGEOS ranging simulation data and real data respectively. The results show that this method can accurately predict the position of the satellite in the following laps even if it processes the observation data of a single station for several laps. And because the calculation program established by this method can run on the small electronic computer at that time, and at the same time, it can maintain its due accuracy, so it has practical value and wide application.

Independent calculation of earth rotation parameters

During the international short-term joint survey of the Earth's rotation from August 1980 to October 10, 13 satellite tracking stations all over the world carried out laser ranging on small satellites, and it was observed that the satellites passed 63 times10, and nearly 50,000 distance data were obtained. 198 1 At the beginning of the year, under the guidance of Professor tapply, He Fu Miao cooperated with the professor's doctoral student R.J. Ince to analyze the data Eanes immediately process them. Finally, they calculated the two components of the three-month pole shift from the numerous distance data of this small near-earth satellite whose ground height is less than 1000km, and its accuracy is better than that of traditional optical technology. After returning home, He compiled these results and published them in China Science. It is considered to be the first time in the world to successfully calculate the long-term polar shift value by using the ranging data of near-earth satellites. 1985, He He, Ph.D. student Huang _, etc. The range data of nearly 47,000 standard points obtained by the intensive observation of LAGEOS satellite by dozens of satellite tracking stations around the world during the period from1September 1983 to1June 1984 were analyzed and processed by our own SHORDE program, and the problem was solved. This work is not only the first time in China, but also compared with similar work done by several other international analysis centers, which is obviously superior to the results obtained by the analysis centers in France, Britain and the Soviet Union, and the accuracy of the results obtained by the analysis centers in the United States is equivalent. Therefore, the result of He's independent calculation has become one of the important references for the Paris-based International Earth Rotation Service Organization to adopt new technologies such as laser satellite measurement instead of classical optical technology since 1988.

One of the main contents of this work, "New Research on Inversion of Earth Rotation Parameters", won the first prize of 1986 China Academy of Sciences for scientific and technological progress.

Demonstrate the discovery of precession in China

The precession of the earth's rotation axis in space will cause the vernal equinox (vernal equinox and autumnal equinox) or the second solstice (summer solstice and winter solstice) to slowly retreat westward along the ecliptic, which is called precession. The discovery of precession is an important event in the history of astronomy at home and abroad, because it has a bad and important influence on the compilation of accurate catalogues and accurate calendars. In the west, precession was discovered by the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus in 125 BC. Around 330 AD, China Jin astronomer Yu also discovered this phenomenon. So how did Yu make this important discovery? Why is precession found in China 400 years later than in the west? JosephNeedham once pointed out when talking about this issue: "But the whole story has not been paid enough attention." From 1975 to 1977, He proved that Yu discovered precession by observing the stars that appeared directly south of the sky at dusk in winter. Observing the stars at dusk, dusk and night has always been a basic astronomical work in ancient China. Yu compared his own observation results with those of his predecessors, and found that the satellites in winter evening were obviously different. Yu clearly attributed this change to the continuous westward movement in winter. According to the interval of more than 2700 years from Tang Yao's time (about 2400 BC) to his time, the distance between the stars in the Pleiades cluster and the stars in the evening of winter solstice is 53 equatorial degrees, and the 50-year equatorial age difference (referring to the ancient degree of China) is calculated. There are three reasons for the late discovery of precession in China: ① The equatorial coordinate system was mainly used in ancient China; (2) The method of determining the winter solstice before Jin Dynasty was rough; (3) The profound influence of the metaphysical world view of "the sky remains unchanged and the Tao remains unchanged" made many ancient astronomers insist that the winter solstice should last forever. He also pointed out that in 604 AD, Liu Zhuo of Sui Dynasty not only gave a more accurate age difference, but also put forward a more accurate concept of precession of the ecliptic. Before the end of the Ming Dynasty, only Liu Zhuo correctly realized that precession should be calculated along the ecliptic instead of the equator. Unfortunately, Liu Zhuo's correct concept was not accepted by later generations. He's views have been recognized and quoted by astronomers on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

Main thesis

1 he. Discovery and analysis of precession in China. Shi Wenji of Science and Technology, 1978, 1: 22 ~ 30.

He, Tan Detong, et al. Preliminary estimation of GEOS-3 laser ranging accuracy at Shanghai Observatory. Science bulletin,1982,27 (11): 647 ~ 677.

This is Fu Miao. Application of extended Kalman filter in satellite precise prediction. Journal of Astronomy,1982,23 (2):163 ~174.

4. He is TapleyBD, Fu Miao, EanesRJ. The earth rotation parameters of 1980 from August to June were calculated from the laser ranging of small satellites. China Science Series A: 1982 (7): 636 ~ 643.

This is Fu Miao. Comparison of two sequential estimation methods in satellite laser ranging data processing. Journal of Astronautics, 1983 (1): 37 ~ 45.

6. He is Fu Miao. A satellite laser ranging and positioning method. Acta surveying and mapping, 1983, 12 (1): 30 ~ 38.

7 He Fu Miao. Tidal disturbance in orbit of small satellite. Journal of Astronomy,1983,24 (4): 332 ~ 341.

He, Wang Xiaolong, et al. Satellite laser measurement of baseline length from Shanghai to shore. Atlas of Military Surveying and Mapping, 1986 (17): 65 ~ 67.

9 He, Tan Detong, et al. Accurate determination of geocentric coordinates of satellite tracking station of Shanghai Observatory by using global laser ranging data of LAGEOS satellite. Journal of Surveying and Mapping, 1986, 15 (3): 224 ~ 228.

10HeMF (He), HuangC (Huang _), FengCG (Feng Chugang), etc. aseriesoferfromlageosduring emeritcampaign . infeisselmed . tau—iuggreportsonthemeritcampaigneoarthrotationandreferencesystems。 Paris: National Tourism Administration, 1986, Part III, B 103~ 1 10.

1 1 He, Zhu, Feng, Feng Chugang, etc. Short programming system and its application. Celestial mechanics, 1989, 45: 6 1 ~ 64.

12 He, Chea Chang. Application of general perturbation I. I. Hansen method to automatically deduce asteroids in flora on computer. Journal of Astronomy,1990,31(1): 27 ~ 38.