Lu people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China, the founder of Confucianism and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world.
China's first chronological history book Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled. Confucius' thoughts on words and deeds are mainly contained in the prose collections "The Analects of Confucius" and "Historical Records of Confucius' Family" preserved in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties.
2, "Peach Blossom Garden" Author: Tao Yuanming, Ziliang,No. Mr. Liu Wu, posthumous title Jingjie, later renamed Qian. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty.
Musang people in Xunyang, Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home, and then lived in seclusion. Rural life is the theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Returning to Xi Ci, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden and so on.
3, "Humble Room Inscription" Author: Liu Yuxi Introduction: Liu Yuxi, word dream, Tang Dynasty writer and philosopher. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet".
Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan).
4, "Love Lotus" Author: Zhou Dunyi Introduction: Zhou Dunyi, Mao Shu,No. Lianxi, a famous philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, is recognized as the founder of Neo-Confucianism in academic circles. 5, "Three Gorges" Author: Li Daoyuan Introduction: Li Daoyuan, a native of Zhuoxian County, Fanyang County, Northern Wei Dynasty, is a famous geographer and writer in China.
He wrote a great geographical work "Notes on Water Classics". 6, "Tian Temple Night Tour" Author: Su Shi Introduction: Su Shi, the word Zi Zhan, and the word He Zhong, the number "Dongpo lay man", the world called "Su Dongpo".
Han nationality, Meizhou native, ancestral home Luancheng. A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets.
His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.
7, "Ma Shuo" Author: Introduction to Han Yu: Han Yu, word back, Han nationality. Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world.
Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in Song Dynasty. Ming people called him the head of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred generations of literate Sect", he has written forty volumes of Han Changli's Collection, ten volumes of Waiji, Shi Shuo and so on. 8, "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang" Author: Song Lian Brief Introduction: Song Lian, the word Jinglian,No. Qianxi, alias Xuanzhenzi, Taoist, Dunlao.
Han nationality, Pujiang people, writers in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It was once praised by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, as "the head of the founding civil servants". 9, "Biography Pond Ji" Author: Liu Zongyuan Introduction: Liu Zongyuan, thick-worded, known as "Liu Hedong" in the world, also known as "Liu Liuzhou" because of the official history of Liuzhou.
Han nationality, ancestral home in Hedong. Writers, philosophers, essayists, thinkers and Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty jointly advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and called it "Liu Han".
Also known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Also known as "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei.
Together with Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Tang Dynasty, they are called "the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". 10, "Yueyang Tower" Author: Fan Zhongyan Profile: Fan Zhongyan, the word Xi, formerly known as Zhu Shuo.
Posthumous title was a statesman, writer and strategist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, ancestral home in Binzhou, Shaanxi.
In the eighth year (10 15), Zhenzong was a scholar in Dazhong, and later became an official (deputy prime minister). 1 1, "The Drunken Pavilion" Author: Ouyang Xiu Introduction: Ouyang Xiu, the word Yongshu, is also called Drunken Weng, also known as a layman.
Han nationality, a native of Yongfeng, Ji 'an, calls himself Luling. Posthumous title Wenzhong and Ouyang Wenzhong were outstanding writers and historians in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment.
Prose is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. 12, "Model" Author: Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang, alias Wolong (also known as Wolong), Han nationality, prime minister of Langya, an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period.
When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments.
Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple.
In addition, Du Fu, a great poet, also has the classic Shu Xiang handed down from ancient times. 13 "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" Author: Introduction of Mencius: Mencius, named Ke, was born in Lu during the Warring States Period.
China was a famous thinker and educator in ancient times and a representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period. He is the author of Mencius.
Inherited and carried forward Confucius' thoughts, and became a generation of Confucian masters second only to Confucius, known as "saints" and collectively known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. There is a work, Mencius, which is handed down to later generations.
14, "I want fish" Author: Introduction of Mencius: refer to the above. 15, The Debate between Cao Gui and Cao Gui is an article in Zuo Zhuan, which comes from Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong, and the title is created by later generations.
The title of this article is also "Battle of the Long Spoon in Qilu" or "Battle of the Long Spoon", which is one of the famous examples in history. Zuo Zhuan is a literary and historical masterpiece in the Spring and Autumn Period. Biography is a chronological history book compiled by Zuo Qiuming according to the historical materials of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is a masterpiece of history and literature.
The chronicles began in Luyin (722 BC) and ended in Lu Daogong (453 BC), which recorded the political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural conditions of the vassal states during this period (Spring and Autumn Period). 16, Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi, and coachable, the king of Qi, which is selected from the famous national history book "The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce" and tells the story of Zou Ji, a counselor of Qi during the Warring States Period, persuading coachable, the king of Qi, to open his mind and improve his politics.
This article is a classic in the Warring States Policy. Warring States period
2. Introduction to the two authors of classical Chinese: Author of Yi Xue:
Mencius (about 372 BC-about 289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province). He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. According to legend, he is a descendant of Qingfu, the son of the noble Lu. His father's name is Ji and his mother's name is M Mǎng. Mencius was a great thinker and educator in the Warring States period, and a representative of the Confucian school. Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Representative works such as I want what I want, I get more help from the Tao, but I don't get much help from the Tao, Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, Wang Gu talks about him around me, etc. have been compiled into junior high school Chinese textbooks, and I am the country has been compiled into senior high school Chinese textbooks.
"The debate between two children" author:
Liezi, a Han nationality, was born in Yukou ("Liezi" is the honorific title of the world) and was born in Putian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) in China during the Warring States Period. An outstanding representative of Taoist school, a famous thinker and writer. It has a far-reaching influence on later philosophy, literature, science and technology and religion. The author of Liezi.
The theory of celestial body movement, the theory of earth movement and the theory of infinite universe in Liezi written by Li are far earlier than the similar theories in the West. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Liezi was named as a "real free man".
3. Junior high school 1 senior high school entrance examination ancient poems (junior high school 1-6 Volume 9 1) Li Bai 1 "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and Long Biaoyao had this letter", Huayang fell to the ground, and Wen Daolong crossed the five streams.
I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang. 2, "Emei Mountain Moon Song" Emei Mountain is half a month and autumn, and it is reflected in the Pingqiang River.
In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou. 3. "Smell the flute on a spring night in Los Angeles" Whose rain flute is flying in the dark and scattered to the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
In this nocturne, the willow is broken, and no one can afford to be homesick. 4. The north of the "Farewell to Friends" wall is a blue mountain line, and the east is a white waterline.
Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away. Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.
With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave. 5. "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" sailed from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. 6. "Farewell Secretary of Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Villa" had to leave me since yesterday; It hurts my heart even more today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine. The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.
We are all lofty distant thoughts, longing for the sky and the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. 7, "Difficult to Go (I)" The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10,000 copper coins and a hip flask, and a jade plate is 10,000 yuan.
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain. I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun. Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today. One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Drinking the bright moon alone, since from a pot of wine among the flowers, I drink alone. No one is with me. Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.
The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind. I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.
The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering. When you are awake, you are happy together, and when you are drunk, you go your separate ways.
I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way. Du Fu 1, On Encountering the River, is common in Qi Wang's family, but it has been heard several times before Cui.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance. "Looking at Yue" The grandeur of Mount Tai! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket.
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. "Hope in Spring" Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation is spring.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. 4. The "Stone Clan" threw themselves into the Stone Clan Village, and some officials arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? Before listening to his wife's speech: three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. The night is long and silent, like crying and choking.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. 5。
In August, the wind roared and rolled up the Sanhe grass on my house. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief. Openly holding the hair in the bamboo, my lips are dry and I can't breathe, and I sigh when I return.
The wind in Russia sets the color of clouds and ink, and the desert becomes dark in autumn. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which makes all the poor people in the world very happy! The wind and rain are calm as a mountain.
Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! 6. The chicken in "Three Songs of Qiang Village (Part III)" is crowing, and the guests are fighting with the chicken. Drive the chicken to the tree, and only then can you hear the sound of chopping wood.
Four or five elders asked me about my long trip. Every hand is lifted, and mud and sand are falling.
Don't say that the wine tastes weak, and there is no cultivation in the millet field. The war has not stopped, and the children have already marched eastward.
Please sing an old song for your father and feel sorry for your hardships. After singing, I sighed and cried.
7, "Climbing the Building" flowers, high to my window, hurt the heart of the wanderer, because I see from this commanding height, there is sadness everywhere. The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable.
The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet. Alas, the ruler and emperor of Shu are still enjoying sacrifices in the temple, and I will recite Liang Yinfu in the evening.
Su Shi 1, "Huanxisha" The blue buds at the foot of the mountain are short immersed in the stream, and the Songjiansha road is clean and mud-free, and it is drizzling at dusk. Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can also flow west! Don't bemoan the passage of old age!
2. When will there be a bright moon in Shuidiao Tou? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time.
I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth.
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past.
We hope to live a long life for each other to share the beauty of this beautiful moonlight, even though we are separated from Wan Li. 3, "Huanxisha" rustling clothes towel falling jujube flowers, the village south village north ring car.
Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers. The sun is shining, but he is too thirsty. He wants to find some water to drink.
So he knocked on a villager's door and asked, can I have a bowl of tea? 4. "Jiang Chengzi? Hunting in Michigan, the old man talked about juvenile madness, with yellow in his left hand and blue in his right.
Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan.
After drinking wine, my chest is still open and my temples are slightly frosted. What's the harm! When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun. Xin Qiji 1, "Xijiang Moon", the bright moon surprises magpies, and the breeze sings at midnight.
The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.
In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to Xitou. 2. "Nanxiangzi? Gu Beiting has Huaideng Jingkou. Where do you see China? Full of scenery, Gu Bei Building.
How many things have gone up and down through the ages? The Yangtze River stretches as far as the eye can see.
I was too young to stop fighting in the southeast. Who is the world hero? Cao Liu.
Children should be like Sun Zhongmou. 3. "break the array? Give Chen Tongfu a powerful word to send. When I was drunk, I looked at the sword and dreamed of returning to the camp.
Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to turn over the Great Wall, and the enemy is on the battlefield in autumn. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder.
It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation. Poor hair has become a white-haired man! 4. "qingpingle? The eaves of the village houses are low, and the streams are covered with green grass.
Drunk Wu local drunk, gentle voice, white-haired old man who is it? The eldest son is hoeing bean creek in the east, and the second son is knitting a chicken coop. He likes dying children peeling lotus leaves at the head of a stream. Li Qingzhao 1, "Like a Dream" often reminds me of the sunset in Xiting, and I don't know where to go.
Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng. How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
2, "Drunken Flowers" fog is thick and clouds are forever, and Renao beast. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night.
4.7-9 grade poetry, text, text, classical Chinese author introduction. My book is the childlike interest of People's Education Edition. Shen Fuzi No.3 is white. Yimei, a writer in Qing Dynasty, Ten Analects of Confucius, Qiu Zi, a famous ancient thinker, politician and educator in Zhong Ni in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Cao Caozi, a statesman and strategist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Poet Yi Bo Bei Bao Shan Xia Wang Wan Tang Dynasty Poet Spring Tour Qiantang Lake Bai Juyi Lotte Night Xiangshan Jushi Tang Dynasty Poet Xijiangyue Xin Qiji You An Jia Xuan Southern Song Dynasty Patriotic Poet Tian Jingsha Qiu Si Ma Zhiyuan Dongli Yuan Dynasty famous opera writer and essayist mountain city Pu Songling Ci Liu Xian Jushi Mr. Liu Quan Liaozhai Qing Dynasty famous writer Two stories about the world Liu Yiqing Southern Song Dynasty writer, Naoko suspected neighbor, Han Fei famous Korean thinker at the end of the Warring States Period, lost horse, Liu An was a thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, a famous politician and writer in the Mid-Levels, Mulan Poetry, a northern folk song in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Sun Quan's persuasion. Sima Guang's name is a roundabout one. Historians' ventriloquism: Lin Sihuan word iron cliff; Jin Roh: The Wolf Brigade in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties; Pu Songling's alias Liu Xianling is Mr. Liu Quan Jushi and Mr. Liaozhai, a famous writer in Qing Dynasty; Taohuayuan; Tao Yuanming's hidden words are distinct; Famous poet, lyricist and essayist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty; An inscription on a humble room; Liu Yuxi's ci Liu Yuxi's dream; Writers and philosophers in Tang Dynasty; The story of Ailian; Zhou Dunyi's word Mao Shu was very famous in the Song Dynasty. The Story of the Nuclear Boat by Wei Xueyi Amethyst essayist Three Poems of Du Fu Du Meitang Poet Three Gorges Li Daoyuan Zi Shanchang Xie Zhongshu, a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, a Taoist thinker and physician in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in Tao Hongjing Zi Nan Dynasties, A Night Tour to Chengtian Temple, Su Shi Zi Zhanwu. Dongpo Jushi, a famous writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, Guan Chaozi, Cao Chuang, a writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Xuehu Pavilion, Zhang Daizi Zongzi, Shi Tao An, and Butterfly Saddle Juren. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Tao Yuanming's famous recluse character was distinct, and he was a famous poet, lyricist and essayist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Painter "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" Li Bai's ci is too wild. Violet layman, a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, whether Lu You's view of the word martial arts is "a tour of Shanxi village". Wu Yun's uncle was announced in the Southern Song Dynasty's famous patriotic poet Zhu Tongshu, and Tao Yuanming's famous figure in the Southern and Northern Dynasties' writer and historian Liu's Biography of Mr. Wu was Ming and Si. The essayist "Ma Shuo" Han Yu retired, which came from the famous writer Song Lian's preface to Dongyang. Ganxi Ming Dynasty's "Appreciating Lotte in Yangzhou's First Meeting" Liu Yuxi's ci dream won the Tang Dynasty writer and philosopher "Red Cliff" Du Mu's Tang Dynasty poet "Crossing Ling Ding Yang" Wen Tianxiang Song Rui, Lushan Wenshan Southern Song Dynasty writer, national hero, patriotic poet Shuidiao singer Su Shizi Dongpo lay scholar in Northern Song Dynasty, painter hillside Yang Tongguan nostalgic Zhang Yuan Sanqu Jia Xiaoshitang Tang Dynasty famous writer and thinker Yue Yang Lou Fan Jizhong Yan Xi Northern Song Dynasty writer, A Drunken Poet's Pavilion, Ouyang Xiuzi's "Ode to Books" No Drunken Poet, Travel Notes of Historians in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuan Hongdao's Ci, Drinking of Langgongming Dynasty Writers' Tao Yuanming's hidden character is bright and private, and he is a famous poet and lyricist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It's hard for an essayist to go. Li Bai's words are too white, Qinglian is a layman, a romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and his hut is broken by the autumn wind. Du Fu's words, a realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty's "A Snow White Farewell to the Field-a clerk Wu's Return to his hometown", a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty's Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems, Gong Zizhen's words Zong Ren Ding 'an, a famous thinker, writer and economist in the Qing Dynasty, Sima Qian's word length, historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty lived up to his mission. Mao Zheng, a historian, bibliographer and writer of the Western Han Dynasty, Longzhong inherited Chen Shou's word from Zhuge Liang, a politician and strategist, and Wang Jiangnan's word, which was the pride of a famous poet and poet fisherman in the Tang Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan's word "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou" was written by a writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao, a writer and painter of Dongpo Jushi Northern Song Dynasty, Wulingchun. Yi 'an Jushi, an outstanding poetess in Song Dynasty, gave a gift to Chen Tongfu, and Xin Qiji's Zi You An Nuo. Jia Xuan, a patriotic poetess in the Southern Song Dynasty, lost, Mozi Ming Zhai, a famous thinker and politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chapter Two of Mencius, a thinker, educator and essayist in the Warring States Period, the name of Mencius and Zhuangzi, a thinker, educator and essayist in the Warring States Period, two stories, Zhuangzi, and Zou Ji, a philosopher and Taoist representative in the Warring States Period, satirized Teachability.
5. The author of the second volume of Chinese in the second day of junior high school introduces Dongyang horse knowledge points-1, literary common sense, by Song Lian, a famous writer in the Ming Dynasty -2, keyword interpretation.
When I was young, I liked learning: like, hobby. To the book: get the book.
This means buying books. Go, go, go.
Borrow: borrow. False also means borrowing.
Fu (not) lazy: lazy and not relaxed copying. "Zhi" is the object of "laziness" and refers to "recording".
Send away: run to be crowned: crowned, adult. (again) suffering (no) main (celebrities, tourists): suffering, worrying, worrying.
A master is a knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.
Taste travels a hundred miles from home: taste, once. Trend: running towards.
Sage: the predecessor of academia. Ask for advice: ask for advice.
Knock on the door and ask. Delong Wang Zun: High morality and high reputation.
The disciples filled his room: the students filled his room. Master, apprentice, student.
To fill, block. Here, it means crowded.
Lower your tone slightly: speak your words gently and face them gently. Help doubt: ask questions and ask the truth.
Help, leadership and advice. Quality, inquiry
Bend over and tilt your ears to ask: Bend over and tilt your ears (to show attention and respect) for advice. Or scolded by it: or sometimes.
Scold: to reprimand or reprimand. (Polite) To: Considerate.
(Dare not say a word) Answer: This is an excuse. (He Xi): Wait a minute.
Drag: carrying a book box and dragging shoes (indicating that the shoes are worn out). Poor winter: severe winter.
Chapped: The skin is cracked due to cold and dryness. Shed: study, book room.
Stiff: Stiff. (Hold) soup nest irrigation: hot water.
Lie down, water and wash. Cover (hug): Use.
Quilt, quilt reverse travel: staying in a hotel.
Travel backwards, hotel. Eat again every day: provide two meals a day.
Again, twice. Eat, provide meals.
(Students were born together) Quilt (embroidery): the same as "wearing". (Wear) (Wear a jewel hat): Wear a red hat belt.
Waist (white jade ring): waist, hanging at the waist. (right) odor resistance: odor resistance, sachet.
Ye Ran (like a god): Ye Ran, dazzling. Robes and clothes: worn-out clothes.
Old packing. Oh, it is broken.
Slightly unsightly: not envious. Mu, Yan, envy.
People who enjoy it don't know whether the service of mouth and body is not like people: because they have enough happy things in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't feel that food and clothing are inferior to people. Second, 1 Why can the author be "a little envious" among many rich children: those who are full of joy in it don't know if their mouths and bodies are not like people. Second, thinking, (1) Summarize the author's objective conditions when learning from several aspects? Lu: It's long and hard.
Clothing: poverty can't keep out the cold. Diet: two meals a day, no taste.
3. What writing skills are mainly used in the first and second paragraphs? What are the advantages of writing like this? Contrast, enhance persuasiveness and highlight the center. How should we treat the relationship between learning conditions and learning quality? A: You can still study hard if you have poor learning conditions, Song Like Lian; Learning conditions are good, but they may not learn well, like some "Tai students".
The quality of learning conditions will have an impact on learning, but it is not decisive. The key to success in learning lies in long-term persistence in "hard work". This is Song Lian's personal experience, but also the common experience of people who have achieved success in ancient and modern learning. 5. This article is written for Ma Sheng. Why use a lot of words to write your own study? The author puts forward his own opinions (encouraging Ma Sheng to study hard with his own personal experience) to enhance the appeal and educational function of his works.
6. In the first paragraph, what is the reason why the author finally succeeded in learning? Study hard, read widely, and consult modestly. 7. That sentence expresses the cold weather. What is the purpose of writing this weather? The inkstone is hard, fingers can't bend and stretch, winter is poor and windy, and the snow is several feet deep.
The purpose is to highlight the theme more effectively by comparing the author's difficulty in copying books with the difficulty in the road. 8. The sentence that the author expresses his pain in studying from the aspect of food and clothing is: (1) Enjoy no fresh fertilizer.
(2) Yu Zeyi's robes. In the meantime, 9. The sentence that guides the full text is: I love learning when I was young 10. What did the author's spirit of studying hard in a hard environment inspire you? Let's talk about it in combination with our own reality. Although our present study conditions are superior, far exceeding Song Lian's, but the spirit of studying hard is not as good as his. Therefore, we should learn from him, stop comparing with others in life, and concentrate on it in order to achieve something.
1 1, so I'm stupid, but I've heard of it. What is the reason? Learning from afar, asking for advice modestly, asking for advice, 12, what expressions are used in the article? What's the role? The combination of narration, discussion and discussion is vivid and touching.
It not only fully shows the author's reading life and attitude of "studying hard", but also clearly shows the author's purpose of encouraging underachievers to study hard. 13, extra-curricular accumulation.
The deeds of the ancients who studied hard. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Su Qin was very sleepy when he was studying.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Sun Jing studied hard day and night and hung the housing beam with a rope. In the Western Han Dynasty, Kuang Heng studied hard and could steal all the light from reading without lighting candles.
During the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin went to school. Kim, from a poor family, studied.
There is no need for future generations to follow the example of the ancients and study hard, but their spirit of studying hard is worth learning. We should gain the motivation to study hard and make continuous progress from their deeds. )。
6. What is the practical significance of the learning spirit given to Ma Dongyang by the author of ancient prose? Song Lian, one of the great poets in the third day of the Ming Dynasty, introduced his study experience and attitude in detail in "Farewell to Ma Dongyang", encouraging fellow villager Ma Junze to study hard and become a man with both ability and political integrity.
Nowadays, most middle school students don't agree with such an article, because the old saying "there is no limit to learning, and it seems to be out of date, and it has been replaced by overwhelming" fun ". What's more, the classroom is flooded with "ideas" such as happy teaching, which seems to be "no pleasure and no education". Therefore, some people changed the old adage to "there is a road in the mountains, but there is no limit in the sea."
Song Lian emphasized "diligence" and "bitterness" in his article. So, is it still of practical significance to study this work now? Answer: Grandpa! Song Lian's "diligence" and "bitterness" are everywhere.
"The family is poor and can't study", which is the restriction of family conditions; "Every time I borrow it from the library, I will record it myself and count the days to return it ... I will send it away after recording, and I dare not exceed the appointment." This is a helpless method; "It's cold, the inkstone is hard, fingers can't bend and stretch, lazy."
This is a personal attitude towards learning. As for the road of learning from teachers, it is even more terrible to walk in the deep mountain canyon, where the winter wind is cold, the snow is several feet deep and my skin is chapped without my knowing it.
So, what is the basis of all this "diligence" and "bitterness"? Parents bullying? The teacher's severity? Neither! At the beginning of the article, the author's sentence "I am young and eager to learn" has already revealed the mystery, and the word "addicted" vividly expounds the ideological premise of diligence-interest and hobby. Therefore, when a classmate suggested that Song Lian's study was contrary to today's study, I said: No, it's exactly the same! You see, "all the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with jewels, a circle of white jade on their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right." I am between the robe and the clothes, why can I be "a little ugly" because "people who have played enough in it don't know if their mouths and bodies are inhuman"
What does the author like? Study! The fun goes far beyond "mouth and body". It can be said that Song Lian's emphasis on "diligence" and "bitterness" is completely consistent with "joy" and "joy".
Those "students" who "learn from imperial academy", "county officials provide a little support every day, and their parents have a legacy of Qiu Ge at the age of 20 and are not afraid of freezing; There is no need to escape from sitting downstairs and reciting poems; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't. All the books should be collected here, and there is no need to record them by my own hands and pretend that others will see them later. However, "if there are those who are not skilled in their careers, those who are not virtuous, and those who are not humble in nature, then their hearts are not specialized in their ears." "
Why can't these people learn well? In short, fun is different. They are gifted and have formed a "pleasure-oriented" mentality. Of course they are interested in eating, wearing and playing. How many people will find pleasure in those "broken books"? At this point, I want to emphasize two points: first, a bad environment can shape a person's will; Second, if you are interested, you can work hard for it.
In other words, Song Lian's research still has important practical significance today. Combined with the new curriculum reform, some people think that "fun" is to let students play more games; "Music" is to make children happy all day long.
In fact, teenagers are in the formation stage of outlook on life and world view, which is highly malleable. Doctors form a "pleasure-oriented" mentality, which distorts the connotation of "happy teaching" The emphasis on "fun" now aims to require instructors (teachers) to cultivate students' interest in learning scientific and cultural knowledge by their own effective means, and then emphasize "diligence" and "hardship" on this basis, unlike the "strict discipline" in ancient private schools.
Song Lian said, "Around Lishi, assist the suspicious people and ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; They will be invited as soon as they are happy. We are not like this now. The relationship between teachers and students became friends. Teaching and learning should embody "humanity" everywhere, but "efforts" based on this "fun" cannot but be advocated. In any case, this kind of "diligence" and "bitterness" are the eternal spirit of study and career, and are not in contradiction with "interest" and "joy".
Taking diligence as "pleasure" and suffering as "pleasure" is the lofty realm of learning and career. Therefore, the author still wants to say: "There is no limit to learning, and there is no limit to suffering."