Among the first generation of PLA generals, there are not a few who went abroad to study for the sake of strengthening the country through science and technology in their early years. Although they later joined the army, they never gave up their ideals, and Marshal Nie Rongzhen was one of the outstanding representatives. He participated in Nanchang Uprising and Guangzhou Uprising and was one of the founders of the Red Army. After the founding of New China, he led the scientific and technological work and made indelible contributions to the development of "two bombs and one satellite".
all one's life
■ Among the top ten marshals, only Nie Rongzhen directly participated in the two uprisings in Nanchang and Guangzhou.
■ Nie is the direct leader in the development and test of "two bombs and one satellite" in China.
Nie Rongzhen,189965438+was born in Jiangjin county, Sichuan province on February 29th. He entered a private school when he was eight years old. Later senior primary school, admitted to Jiangjin Middle School in the summer of 19 17. At school, I came into contact with magazines such as New Youth, and once made an appointment with my classmates that "our generation should take serving the country as the foundation and make contributions to the rise of the Chinese nation". After the May 4th Movement broke out, he was expelled from school for taking part in boycotting Japanese goods. It coincided with the rapid development of work-study program in Sichuan at that time, and he decided to go to the west to find the truth of saving the country and the people. 192 1 At the beginning of the year, Nie arrived in France, where he met Cai Hesen, Chen Yi and others, became like-minded comrades, and changed his mind from "saving the country through industry" to believing in communism. 1922 joined the China Youth League in Europe and China in the following spring. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/924, he came to Moscow and studied at Oriental University. Later, he and Ye Ting were secretly sent to China class of Soviet Red Army School to study, and they became valuable military talents trained by China in the early days.
From 65438 to 0925, after Nie returned to China, he first worked as a secretary and political instructor in the Political Department of Huangpu Military Academy, and then as a Commissioner of the Military Commission of Guangdong District Committee after the Northern Expedition began, responsible for conveying the Party's instructions and deploying cadres. 1927 On the eve of the Nanchang Uprising, he helped Zhou Enlai to do a lot of preparatory work, especially successfully organized the 25th Division, which was dominated by the Ye Ting Independent Regiment, to participate in the Nanchang Uprising. In 65438+February of the same year, Nie participated in leading the Guangzhou Uprising and took the lead in fighting at the front.
After the failure of the Guangzhou uprising, Nie went to Shanghai and went underground to take charge of the daily work of the Military Commission. He ran around the city with a monthly ticket in his pocket all day, and he also learned the skills of jumping trams and getting rid of spy stalking. 193 1 At the end of the year, he entered Ruijin, Jiangxi Province and soon became the political commissar of the Red Army. As the main force, he led the Red Army's main force to travel south and fight north for five years. 1937, after the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, Nie Ren 1 15, deputy division commander, led his troops to the anti-Japanese front and participated in the command of the Pingxingguan campaign. Since then, he has led more than 2,000 people into Wutai Mountain area to open up the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei anti-Japanese base area, and in more than half a year, he has expanded his troops to 40,000 people, thus establishing a "model anti-Japanese base area" praised by Mao Zedong. 1In August, 944, Nie went to Yan 'an to attend the Seventh National Congress. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he continued to serve as commander and political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, and later served as commander of the North China Military Region, leading the North China Liberation War.
After the founding of New China, Nie served as mayor of Beijing and acting chief of general staff of China People's Liberation Army. 19561/kloc-0 served as deputy prime minister of the State Council, in charge of science and technology, and later served as director of the national defense science and technology commission. Under his organization and leadership, the vast number of scientific and technological workers successfully tested "two bombs" (nuclear bombs, missiles) and "one satellite" (artificial satellite).
In his later years, Nie Rongzhen was still concerned about national defense scientific research and army building, and the great cause of national reform and opening up and the reunification of the motherland. 1May 199214th, the last marshal of the Republic passed away peacefully at the age of 93.
background
■ Sichuan has the largest number of work-study programs in France, and Jiangjin, where Nie is located, has the largest number in Sichuan.
■ Starting from the ideal of "saving the country through industry", he eventually became a leader in revitalizing the national science and technology, and his life track reflected the historical inevitability.
Old China was extremely poor and backward, and the powers invaded by "ship guns" and fine products; Stimulated a generation of young students to rise up and find a way to save the country and strengthen the country. Nie's hometown of Sichuan is relatively closed. However, since the Yangtze River waterway, which is "a thousand miles out of Jiangling in a day", was entered by foreign ships, Zhong Shu, who is eager to develop outward and has an overpopulation, has seen a wave of studying abroad and making a living. Students in this inland province have become advanced in Japan and France. Two years after the May 4th Movement, there were 492 work-study students in Sichuan, the highest among all provinces in China. Among these Sichuan students, Jiangjin, where Nie Rongzhen is located, has the largest number, with more than 40 students.
At first, most of them came to the west to learn scientific knowledge with the ideal of rejuvenating the country through science and education. At that time, Europe was in a period of intensified social contradictions and active thoughts after the October Revolution, and many young people studying in France accepted the theory of Marxism-Leninism. Nie Rongzhen wrote in his letter to his parents on 1922: "It is the responsibility of young people to save their parents and elders from all kinds of fire and water and escort the state power!" This shows that he has completed the ideological transformation that he is determined to carry out social revolution first.
After the founding of New China, Nie, who had been a soldier for half his life, felt that he finally had the conditions to realize the ideal of saving the country through science and technology when he was young, and readily accepted the important task of leading the country's scientific and technological work. History seems to have turned a corner here, which is actually due to China's specific national conditions. If the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social conditions in old China were not completely changed by the revolution, it would be impossible to become a powerful country through science and technology?