Let's start with the introduction of Zhang Chuanshan:
Zhang Chuanshan (1764- 18 14) was a famous poet and painter in Suining, Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty. His name was Wen Tao, the word Nakano, Chuanshan, and the name Shushan Old Ape, also known as Laochuan. His great-great grandfather, Ao (1649- 1725), was a famous minister of Kang Yong in the Qing Dynasty, a university student in Wenhua Hall and a senior official in the official department. The draft of the Qing dynasty was circulated. Great-grandfather Zhang (1667- 1737), political envoy from the official to the general, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry; Zu Zhang Qinwang (1694- 1757), an official in Dengzhou, Shandong, and a garrison in Denglai, Qinghai; Father Zhang Gujian (172 1- 1797), official to the magistrate in Hua Kai, Yunnan; Brother Zhang Wenan (1757- 18 15), named Bai Hai, was a poet in the Qing Dynasty and wrote Bai Hai Cao Shi. His wife, Qi Lin, was named Pei Huan, Lin Junnv, the special envoy of Sichuan in Qing Dynasty, and wrote A Collection of Lin Gongren.
all one's life
Zhang Chuanshan was born on May 27th (June 26th, Gregorian calendar) in the 29th year of Qingganlong (1764) in Guantao County, Shandong Province (now Beiguantao Town, guanxian City, Shandong Province). Qianlong fifty-five years, Jinshi (1790), changed to Jishi Shu, imperial academy. Rejected, granted a retrial. In the tenth year of Jiaqing (1805), Guan Jiangnan Province supervised the country. In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (18 10), he served as the magistrate of Laizhou, Shandong Province. In the seventeenth year of Jiaqing (18 12), he resigned. In the 19th year of Jiaqing (18 14), he died in Suzhou at the age of 5 1. Later, he was buried in his hometown of Suining Lianghekou (now Lianghekou, Hanlin Village, Jinqiao Township, Pengxi County).
Zhang Chuanshan devoted himself to poetry, calligraphy and painting all his life, and achieved a lot. His poems are known as "the highest in Sichuan", and he wrote more than 4,000 poems in his life, which showed his unique ideological personality and artistic style. For poetry creation, he advocates expressing temperament, emphasizing originality and opposing imitation. Qing people commented that his poems were "angry, gloomy and ethereal, which created a new realm beyond previous masters" and "the return of Taibai Shaoling". His calligraphy is bold and unique. His paintings, similar to Xu Qingteng, are naturally casual and good at landscape painting, especially ink monkeys.
work
Zhang Chuanshan's "Chuanshan Poetry Talk Grass" was published in the 20th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 15). In the 29th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1849), Poems on Chuanshan were published in six volumes, and more than 3,000 poems were collected in the two books. 1986, Zhonghua Book Company published Chuanshan Poetry Grass (including its addendum) in Basic Series of China Classical Literature, and reprinted it in 2000. This is the most complete and popular collection of Zhang Chuanshan's poems at present.
The position in the history of poetry in Qing dynasty
1. Viewing Chuanshan's position in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty from ancient and modern scholars' evaluation of Chuanshan.
Yuan Mei (17 16- 1797), a famous poet in the Qing dynasty, said in Answering Zhang Chuanshan's History Book: "The poet Hong is ambitious, unlearned and ignorant, and he often writes praises deacons, and Chang 'an is the first"; With the deacon, pulling and pulling, so? Modesty is also the first confidant of an 80-year-old man. "The answer to Zhang Chuanshan's Taishi Gong is to imitate his figure:" Suddenly Taishi Gong praised me as a strange man. Zhang Chuanshan in Xichuan is a great talent. "
Yuan Mei is a leading figure in Qianlong poetry and spiritualism. The following year, due to Hong's recommendation, I became bosom friends with Chuanshan and said: I am nearly eighty years old and can die; So don't die, with the first step, Zhang Junshi is still indifferent! "Yuan Mei regarded Chuanshan as the" first "confidant in his life, which shows that Chuanshan's talent is extraordinary.
Wu Xiqi (1746- 18 18), a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in Crying for Zhang Chuanshan: "You are middle-aged only when you are so shocked. Why ask heaven? " "I'm in the capital, Zhang Chuanshan to wait on the royal family, is my best friend. Reading his poems, such as "Dragon Tiger Sleeping", makes people feel creepy. ..... Chuanshan is better than a poet. "
Hong (1746- 1809), a famous scholar in Qing dynasty, said: "Zhang Pingshi is like a horse riding on the road, and he looks at it with great care." "I'm crazy, I have a thousand songs," said the title Zhang Wen in the same year. Chen Xian and Zhong Xianghe, if there is no spouse today. " Li Bai is known as the "fallen fairy"; Su Shi, Zi and Zhong. Hong thinks: Chuanshan can be as beautiful as Li Bai and Su Shi, which all the poets in Ganjia poetry circle can't do!
Zhu (1760- 1845), a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote "After Poems in Chuanshan Chronology": "The paper is full of flying ink, and the author's temperament is true. Ordinary words are also angry, and the poems of loyalty and filial piety are difficult to understand. A generation of coquettish more sustenance, attaches great importance to the spirit. After all, playing games with the park is not as good as old Mitchell in Dongchuan. " Zhu believes that Chuanshan's poems transcend the casual fate (that is, Yuan Mei) that is suspected of playing games.
Chuanshan's poems are not only widely circulated in China, but also have great influence abroad. "North Korea makes people ask for their poems, which is the best price." On the 18th day of the first month of the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), South Korean writer Park Qijia (1750- 1895) saw a volume of poems of Chuanshan in (one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou), and he couldn't put it down, throwing a poem at Chuanshan: "I once heard that Wenchang was here, which is even more legendary. Cherish the high price of chicken forest paper and want to buy some new poems. " In the poem, Zhang Chuanshan is better than the composition, which shows that the evaluation is high. Chuanshan and Yun said, "If my name is written in the poem, it is better not to spread it. Since then, there has been no grass burning prevention, and there is a legacy in Yu Ling Island. " Zhang Wentong (1768- 1832), Chuanshan's younger brother, also said in his poem "Autumn Boats Mountain": "You are crazy, people scold you, and your poems are foreign." It can be seen that Chuanshan's poems have spread overseas during the Ganjia period.
Zhang Weiping (1780- 1859), a poet in Qing Dynasty, said: "Chuanshan's poems are full of vitality and interest. ..... To the near body is ethereal, also very depressed, can carve people, also can be clear. It contains a large number of names, expounding things and feelings, or talking about ancient passions, or romantic melodies, or sounding like Hong Zhong, or smelling like pines, cypresses and leeks, and trying to create a new environment outside the former masters. "
Li (182 1- 1887), a writer of A Qing dynasty, wrote in "A Brief Account of Mr. Zhang Chuanshan": "Young and extraordinary, poetic, with the ambition of' violet near-re-embodiment'. ..... His poems are full of vitality, gloomy and ethereal, and have created a new realm besides the famous artists in the past. His eighteen poems "Ding Tibi" refer to Chen Jun's military affairs, which have been handed down to this day by Lao Du's "The General". ..... For two hundred years, Chuanshan was the most important poet in Shu.
Sun (1824- 1908), a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "The poems written by (Chuanshan) are original and innovative, such as the change of the dragon, which is unpredictable. The body is super wonderful and fresh, elegant and close to a mountain. The ancient style is bold and unrestrained, quite close to Taibai. Zhuo Ran is a great master of this dynasty, not just the Western Shu. "
Fu Shizhun (Shuangliu, Sichuan), a Shu native in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote about Chuanshanyun in On Shu Poetry: "The gentleman with weak crown has left the group, and his middle-aged experience is true. Others have no aftertaste. I have seen this person for 300 years. " Lin (1873- 1953), a poet at the end of the Qing Dynasty, commented on "The Cloud on a Boat Mountain": "The spirit is empty and unattainable, which is ridiculed by later generations. I want to ask, who will inherit Chuanshan in a hundred years from now? " Fu emphasized that there was no outstanding poet like Zhang Chuanshan in Shu during the 300 years from Yang Shengan in Ming Dynasty to Zhang Chuanshan. Lin Shi emphasized that after Zhang Chuanshan 100 years, there was no poet in Shu who could inherit Zhang Chuanshan. This comparison shows the important position of Chuanshan in the poetry circle in the middle of Shu, that is, the highest in the poetry circle in the middle of Shu in Qing Dynasty. Yang Jinyun, a poet and political envoy of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Since Yang Shen, the author in Shu only wanted Tao to succeed." Nearby, A History of the Scholars in the Middle of Shu is called Chuanshan Cloud: "After Su Dongpo, Yu Bosheng and Yang Shengan, there is another person who will inherit the book." Xu Shichang's Poems of the Qing Dynasty said: "Chuanshan's weak poems are ethereal and gloomy, creating a unique wonderland in the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, and there are no other poets in Shu." Zhang Chuanshan is the only figure in the Biography of the Qing Dynasty who is listed in Shu. It can be seen that it is worthy of the name to call Chuanshan "the crown of poets in Shu in Qing Dynasty". Qian Zhongshu, a master of contemporary Chinese studies, said in the Record of Talking about Art: "Yuan, Jiang and Zhao all said that Jiang's style of discussion was very different from that of Yuan and Zhao, and he was not allowed to come straight to the point like Liu. It should be replaced by Zhang Chuanshan. " Yuan Mei, Jiang Shiquan and Zhao Yi are also called "the Three Great Masters of Qianlong", but Jiang Shiquan's achievements are not as good as those of Yuan and Zhao, and his styles are also different. Therefore, Mr. Qian Zhongshu advocated replacing Jiang Shiquan with Zhang Chuanshan and reorganizing a three masters. Mr. Qian Zhonglian, an expert in contemporary Qing poetry research, also "urged Jiang Shiquan, one of the three great poets in Qianlong, to be replaced by Zhang Wentao." Mr. Liu Yangzhong, a famous scholar, said: "Zhang Chuanshan is not only the crown of poets in West Shu, but also the crown of poets in the middle of Qing Dynasty." Wang Yingzhi, a famous scholar, listed Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi as the three "spiritual schools" in Ganjia's poems, and said: "Throughout the whole period of Ganjia, only Zhang can be called the three spiritual schools with Yuan Mei." It is not difficult to imagine Zhang Chuanshan's position in the history of Qing Dynasty and even ancient poetry.
2. See Chuanshan's position in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty from the History of Popular Literature and Selected Poems in Qing Dynasty.
China has a long history and many poets, like stars. Limited by scale and conditions, few poets can write in the history of literature. Take the poets in Qing Dynasty as an example. In the preparatory stage of "Quan Qing Shi Hua", "the total number of authors is about 100,000, and there should be more than a thousand books." Xu Shichang, a close friend, collected more than 665,438+000 poems of Qing Dynasty and got more than 27,000 poems. However, only 3/1000 or 4/1000 of the poets in Qing Dynasty can enter the history of China literature. There are only 16 poets in the Qing Dynasty in the three-volume History of China Literature compiled by China Academy of Social Sciences. The History of China Literature edited by You Guoen only mentions 19 Qing Dynasty poets. In Sister Liu's History of China Literature, there are only 28 poets in Qing Dynasty. There are so few poets who entered the history of China literature in Qing Dynasty, and Zhang Chuanshan is one of them, which shows the important position of Chuanshan in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty.
Among all kinds of poems popular in Qing Dynasty, Chuanshan's poems also occupy a prominent position. The Poetry of Shu (Sun Xuan), published in the fifth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1879), is a masterpiece among the selected books of Shu in Qing Dynasty. There are 64 volumes in the book, including 362 poets and more than 5,900 poems. Among them, Zhang Chuanshan's poems are the most selected, accounting for 6 volumes, and nearly 600 poems are selected, accounting for one-fifth of Poems on the Grass on the Boat Mountain and one-tenth of Poems on the Whole Shu. "Unfortunately, it was not published." It can be seen that Chuanshan is a big head in Sun's mind. As far as poets in Qing Dynasty are concerned, Zhang is the only poet in Shu who can rank among the first-class poets. Mr. Li said, "There are more poets of the Soul School in China than many previous poetry schools. It is through the role of Zhang Wentao that Bashu poets directly or indirectly led and influenced a group of poets. Therefore, the Shu poets who are active in the poetry circle and gather around all advocate the spirit of nature, ... forming the trend of the stars arching the moon and the stars shining, welcoming the most spectacular golden age of Bashu poetry in the Qing Dynasty. "
Xu Shichang's Poems of Qing Dynasty has more than 200 volumes, which is one of the most influential and prestigious poems of Qing Dynasty. This book was selected into 37 poems by Chuanshan, the poet with the most poems in Shu. Other poets in Shu, such as Li, 1, Zhang Wenan 1 1, Zhuo 1, Liu Yuan 1, ao 2 and Liu Guangdi 7. Among the national poets in Ganjia period, Zhang Chuanshan was second only to Yuan Mei (465,438+0), but higher than other famous poets in Ganjia, such as 34, Hong 33, Jiang Shiquan 27, Zhao Yi 22, 9,25, Wu Xiqi 65,438+03, Sun Yuanxiang 23 and Guo Bianjia 65,430. Huang Pilie 1, 9, Wang Xuehao 6, Wang Maosun 19, 5, Tu Zhuo 9, Yang Fangcan 17, 34, 5, Wu 5, Zhu 9. It can be seen that Chuanshan's position in Ganjia's poems is outstanding.
The Collection of Poems of Contemporary Famous Qing Dynasty also endowed Chuanshan with lofty status. For example, in Qian Zhongshu's Three Hundred Poems of Qing Dynasty (Yuelu Bookstore Edition, 1985), Zhang Chuanshan has three poems selected, only lower than Yuan Mei (5 poems) and higher than Zhao Yi (2 poems), Jiang Shiquan (not selected), Hong (1 first poem) and Wu Xiqi (2 poems). Chen Xiangyao's "Essence of Qing Poetry" (People's Literature Publishing House 1992 edition) selected 8 poems by Zhang Chuanshan, more than other Gansu poets, such as 7 poems by Yuan Mei, 4 poems by Jiang Shiquan and 3 poems by Hong. Three Hundred Poems by Li Mengsheng (published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 200 1) selected three poems by Zhang Chuanshan, which were higher than those by Yuan Mei (2 poems), Zhao Yi (2 poems) and Gong Zizhen (2 poems). Only 10 people elected three or more poets in Qing Dynasty, and Chuanshan was one of them. It can be seen that Zhang Chuanshan is one of the top ten poets who wrote the best legal poems in Qing Dynasty.
The history of Qing poetry and dictionaries published in recent years, such as Zhu Zekai's History of Qing Poetry, Yan's History of Qing Poetry, Huo Youming's History of Qing Poetry, Liu Shinan's History of Qing Poetry, Qian Zhonglian's Chronicle of Qing Poetry and China's Dictionary of Writers (Volume of Qing Dynasty), all fully affirmed Zhang Chuanshan.
In the History of Bashu Literature (Bashu Publishing House, 2003 edition), Mr. Yang Shiming devoted a section to Zhang Wentao, a master of spiritual spirit, commenting on Chuanshan's poems and contributions, and said: "The Ganjia period was the most prosperous period of Bashu literature in the Qing Dynasty. The most brilliant page at this stage is the appearance of the great poet Zhang Wentao. " He also said: "Since the Han Dynasty, Bashu has produced ten great writers, namely, Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Chen Ziang, Li Bai, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Yu Ji, Yang Shen and Zhang Wentao, all of whom are celebrities in China's literary history. So far, almost any history of China literature has to introduce the literary achievements of the above ten people. "
Zhang Chuanshan is a genius of poetry, books and paintings. At that time, he was famous in the world, and many people stopped. Some poets write poems, volunteer to be women, work for him, and even be his wives. His poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Yi Shunding (1858- 1920), a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, was young and brilliant, with the eyes of a child prodigy, and wrote as many as 10,000 poems, "calling himself the back of Zhang Chuanshan". Liu Yazi (1887- 1958), a poet of Nanshe, once said, "It's good to remember the poem of Chuanshan: white lotus blossoms are beautiful." Liang Qichao told the story of Zhang Chuanshan as an examiner in Shandong in The Ice Room Collection. In Biography of Flowers on the Sea, many people write poems based on Zhang Chuanshan's poems. In his novel History of Spring and Ming Dynasty, Zhang Henshui asked Yang Xingyuan, the protagonist, to switch Zhang Chuanshan's Eight Plum Blossoms and Seven Laws, which attracted people to read the poems on Chuanshan one after another. It can be seen that Chuanshan's poems have a great influence.
To sum up: Zhang Chuanshan occupies an important position in the history of poetry in Qing Dynasty. He was not only the highest poet in Shu in Qing Dynasty, but also a great poet in Gan family in Qing Dynasty. He was a first-class poet and a famous poetry theorist in the Qing Dynasty, and he was the main commander-in-chief and representative of the later spiritualism school.
Therefore, it is of great significance to name this area after him.