Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants.
When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin.
In the thirty-fifth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 280 years), in the nineteenth year of Chu and Han Dynasties, Qin General Sima Cuo attacked Chu, and Chu ceded Shang Yong and Hanbei; In the second year, he attacked Chu and took evil spirits, Deng and Xiling.
In the thirty-seventh year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 278 years), Du Ying was captured by Tian Lei, and King Xiang of Chu had to flee with the ruling aristocrat "Chen Cheng of Yu Bao (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province)".
In a state of extreme depression and complete despair, Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This year was probably the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Chu Qing (278 BC), and Qu Yuan was about sixty-two.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, and has created the tradition of "vanilla beauty", and is known as "the father of Ci Fu" and "the father of China's poetry".
Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
Extended data:
1, literature achievement
Qu Yuan's works are rich in imagination and magnificent in ci style. In Lisao, a large number of myths and legends are used to assemble the sun, the moon and the wind into poems, which makes the words very colorful. He also highlighted the story of three times to find a woman to express his enthusiasm. "
He is good at describing a gentleman with beauty and vanilla; Rotten wood and dirty grass are metaphors of villains, and the scene that the king trusts, the traitor in power and the patriot can't serve the country is vividly written in a contrasting way.
Qu Yuan's works are full of positive romantic spirit. Its main performance is that he integrated his passionate pursuit of ideals into artistic imagination and magical artistic conception. Wind arouses Chu is the style of Qu Yuan's Chu Ci.
Qu Yuan was ostracized and framed by Mix, which made Chu Huaiwang, who once trusted him very much and relied on his reform and self-improvement, have doubts about him, and even alienated from exile. After King Xiang of Chu came to power, he became more fatuous and increasingly corrupt in politics. Chu was facing the crisis of national subjugation and persecuted patriots like Qu Yuan.
Qu Yuan's moral integrity, noble personality and patriotic actions have all become crimes. He turned his anger into poetry, forming an emotional appeal. This sentiment is very strong in the nine chapters.
Qu Yuan's works also use a series of metaphors to express his feelings. For example, he used flowers and herbs to describe a noble gentleman; Use smelly things and Xiao Ai as metaphors for traitors or disloyal villains; Wearing vanilla symbolizes the poet's moral cultivation.
This technique of "vanilla beauty" makes a sharp contrast between loyalty, ugliness, goodness and evil in reality, and produces a concise and endless artistic effect. For example, "Nine Chapters of Mourning" wrote at the beginning: "The emperor's life is unclean, and it is not a shock to the people. The people lost each other, and Fang Zhongchun moved eastward. "
The poet expressed great resentment at the destruction of the country and the pain of the separation of the people, and wrote his unique strange, angry, desolate and cold poems. In many poems, he expressed great indignation that the society at that time did not attach importance to talents and thought that he was incompetent.
The poet was angry and showed a feeling of grief and indignation. Although Qu Yuan's Chu Ci is full of emotional appeal, it has profound interest because of its broad mind and deep feelings, and it doesn't feel frivolous or frivolous when reading it. This strong interest is deeply contained in all kinds of poems he wrote.
Not to mention the profound patriotic enthusiasm expressed in Li Sao and the poet's sincere heart for the country and the nation, which deeply touched the readers' heartstrings, that is, the strange poem in Tian Wen, which appeared in the form of rhetorical questions, contained quite profound thoughts, fully demonstrated his erudition and wisdom, and made this poem full of interest, fantastic spirit and beautiful enlightenment to readers.
2. Political achievements
First, enjoy farming. Rewarding farmers is to increase taxes, enrich the country and enrich the people, and rewarding campaigns is to strengthen military strategic equipment; Shang Yang and Wu Qi's political reforms are all like this, and people are looking forward to it, whether they are farming or going out. Only by establishing a reward and punishment system will civil servants and people be willing to do their best for the promotion of professional titles.
Second, give merit. During the Warring States period, the practice of respecting the virtuous corporal was initiated, which made Wei dominate for more than a hundred years in the early Warring States period. Secondly, Tian Ji's "Qi Huangong" turned Xia Ji into a learning hall, which accepted talents. In the era of Qi Weiwang, Xia Ji Xuegong is still a place where scholars all over the world flock to it. Qu Yuan, at this time, such a reform is just the right time.
However, it was in sharp contrast with the military reform of King Wuling of Zhao at that time. 10 years later, when Zhao became a powerful country in the Warring States period, Chu became increasingly depressed because of its weakness.
Third, anti-shielding. That is to say, to break the communication barrier between the monarch and his subjects, so that the orders given by the king of Chu can be accurately and instantly conveyed to the official's office, and the official's office will also convey the orders given by the palace to the ordinary people at the first time; Let the king of Chu exchange the needed materials with the people to break the situation that the king of Chu is surrounded by yes-men; The monarch can clearly and vividly understand the sufferings of people's livelihood and does not listen to partiality. And the opinions of the theme can also reach Chuting at high speed.
Fourth, banning cronies. In view of the fact that nobles and the old clan of Chu often collude with each other for personal gain, they crack down on ministers and workers with different political views and restrain them by law.
Fifth, rewards and punishments. Both Shang Yang, a famous legalist, and Wu Qi, a military strategist, pay attention to using strict laws to restrain the merits and demerits of soldiers. On the issue of political reform, Qu Yuan integrated the essence of legalists and military strategists.
Sixth, change customs. Qu Yuan hated the unhealthy trend of Chu, and every eloquent and eloquent old courtier took advantage of the country's thematic interests. This reform also restrained Chu's bad habits in the form of law.
3. Main works
Lisao is a poem written by Qu Yuan, a poet in China during the Warring States Period, and it is also the longest lyric poem in ancient China.
This poem centers on the poet's life experience, experience and mental journey. The first half repeatedly confided the poet's concern about the fate of Chu and people's life, expressing his desire to reform politics and his will to stick to his ideals and never compromise with evil forces even in times of disaster.
The second half reflects the poet's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and love for the people after wandering in heaven, pursuing the realization of ideals and dying after failure.
The whole poem uses the metaphor of beauty and vanilla, a lot of myths and legends and rich imagination, forming a gorgeous literary talent and magnificent structure, showing a positive romantic spirit, and creating a "Sao style" poetry form in the history of China literature, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.
Its main annotations are Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhu's Notes on Chu Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty and Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan in the Qing Dynasty.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Baidu encyclopedia-Lisao