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In the twelfth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Prime Minister was ordered to host a banquet in Zhongshu Province to entertain former Prime Minister Zhang. After a few drinks, everyone was a little drunk. At this time, Zhang pointed to the nose of the prime minister at that time and swore: you little man! If you hadn't framed me, I would be the owner here! How dare you invite me to dinner here! Scold more excited, smoothed her arms and sleeves to call Zhang. What a scandal when the prime minister fights! The people next to them quickly pulled them away. We haven't discussed one or two prime minister changes during Xuanzong's reign. Always a smooth transition. Song Jing as prime minister was recommended by Yao Chong. This is the way that heroes cherish heroes and heroes pity heroes. How did they get into such an embarrassing situation?
I. troika
In the ninth year of Kaiyuan, Zhang said that through hard work, he became prime minister. According to past practice, as soon as the new Prime Minister takes office, the former Prime Minister, Zhang Heyao's team, must give way. Right? Zhang continues to be a secretary and Yao continues to be a servant. Zhang said that he was appointed as an official of the Ministry of War. This is not to change the prime minister, but to add another prime minister. It turned out that after Xuanzong came to power, he changed the previous practice of multi-phase system and only set up two prime ministers, one main and one auxiliary. Why did Zhang Shuo become a troika here? I'm afraid there are three reasons that cannot be ignored.
First of all, Zhang Heyao has been prime minister for more than a year, and there are no obvious mistakes. Leaving office at this time does not meet any phase set by Xuanzong. Yao Chong and Song Jingjing both served as prime ministers for more than three years. More than three years can be regarded as an almost reasonable administrative cycle, which is enough to make people achieve something. But more than a year is too short, and people are dismissed before they kick the first three feet, which is inappropriate. In addition, Zhang Heyao has performed well for more than a year. Zhang was a prime minister appointed by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty who couldn't sleep in the middle of the night. He was appointed because one thing left a deep impression on Tang Xuanzong. It was the sixth year of Kaiyuan, and someone reported that Zhang was living a luxurious life and taking bribes. Xuanzong immediately organized an investigation. The result is gone. This is a false accusation. Xuanzong was furious and wanted to punish the false accuser. Unexpectedly, I stepped forward to dissuade Zhang. He said, "Your Majesty should know" that listening to everyone will make you understand, while listening to others will make you feel dark. "In a broad sense, it is the foundation of national prosperity. Now, if your majesty treats this man for his crime, everyone will think that the minister should not be provoked in the future. Who dares to speak! Ma Jike, isn't this more terrible than telling the truth? Xuanzong was greatly moved by this. He thinks Zhang has a great sense of overall situation and proper limit. He's the prime minister! I immediately said to Zhang, "Work hard, and I will definitely reuse you in the future! "Generally speaking, when people hear the emperor say this, they will certainly be passive to Nuo Nuo and Nuo Nuo, Nuo Nuo, saying that they will work hard and strive for new achievements. Zhang's answer is different. He said: "Today's diary is far away, and it is the autumn of service, even more than three years, that is, aging and weakness. However, your majesty
But Tang Xuanzong didn't think so. From these words, he realized Zhang's eloquence, thinking and enthusiasm for making contributions. It is rare for a person to understand so clearly, and it is even more rare for a person to have such enthusiasm! Enthusiasm, work will make you aggressive, which is a good thing! Therefore, I have a very good impression of Zhang, which is why Zhang was promoted to Prime Minister.
After more than a year of promotion, although Zhang has no special achievements, he can still be regarded as competent. What's more, he is relatively clean. Although he is the prime minister, he has never bought land. In ancient times, China was an agricultural society. Whoever has money will invest in land and become a big landlord, which is the same as investing in real estate today. However, Zhang insisted on not buying land, so she lived on her own salary. He was advised not to be stupid, but to plan for his future. Zhang said to him, I am the Prime Minister. As long as I don't commit a crime, I will never starve to death. You advised me to buy land, but you said it was for my children and grandchildren. But if my children and grandchildren have the ability, they don't have to live on the property I left behind; If my children and grandchildren don't study hard, the more property I leave behind, the more harm I will do to them. I'd better not leave behind. Of course, everyone agrees with this, but even today, how many people can do it? Zhang did it. Smart and honest, this is a good prime minister.
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Zhang is right, so is Obsidian. Source obsidian cautious, the biggest advantage is to set an example. At that time, in order to improve the quality of local officials, we called on Beijing officials and foreign officials to transfer jobs to each other. But on the whole, Beijing officials are still reluctant to go to places, and there is great resistance. In this case, Gan Yuan Yao took the initiative to mention that all my sons work in the central government. Since the state has called on Beijing officials to decentralize, let's start with me as the prime minister. I have three sons, so I let two out of the city. As soon as the prime minister's son went to other places, other bureaucrats had nothing to say. Children of foreign government officials suddenly exceeded 100. Tang Xuanzong was also very satisfied, and the Prime Minister could take the lead in setting an example. It was during his tenure in Zhang Heyao that Xuanzong began to implement the system of real grain titles for prime ministers. In addition to the salary of the prime minister, 300 households were sealed, which also shows that Xuanzong affirmed their work. Since both prime ministers have done a good job, how can they be removed from office?
Secondly, Zhang and Zhang have a lot in common, and there is no substitute for each other. Take Yao Chong and Song Jing as examples. Yao Chong is fickle and Song Jingjing is upright. Therefore, replacing Yao Chong with Song Jing is actually to replace another working method with one working method according to the needs of the development of the current situation. But this is not the case with Zhang. There is no such substitution relationship between them. On the contrary, they have a lot in common. First of all, in terms of personality, both of them are aggressive. Zhang said that in order to become prime minister, Zhang was anxious to hear that the emperor would attach importance to him. This is a similar figure. In addition, their personal qualities are similar. Xuanzong took a fancy to Zhang and said that he was good at governing the country and had high martial arts. In fact, Zhang is not bad in these two aspects. Let's talk about Wen Zhi first.
Zhang said that he was born within the system and won the first place. Although Zhang didn't do so well, he was born within the system. In addition, Zhang also said that he was famous for his literary talent and was praised as a generation of literati, which contributed greatly. Zhang is not famous, but he is good at writing inscriptions. His inscription for Dingzhou Heng Yue Temple has also been circulated for some time. Zhang took tens of thousands of dollars just to run the toll. Why is Zhang so rude? Because he thinks his article is worth the price! More interestingly, two people admire the same scholar. Wang Han, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the famous "Liangzhou Ci": "If you want to drink pipa, you must urge it immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. You fought for several people in ancient times. " Wang Han's poems are very good, but he is too arrogant. He always thought that Laozi was the best in the world, and he was often hated by others all his life. However, the two men did not hate him, but appreciated him and promoted him. who is it? One is Zhang, the other is Zhang! This incident is clearly recorded in the Biography of William Wang in the Old Tang Dynasty: "Zhang, a long history of Bingzhou, is a talented person with deep courtesy and a strong sense of humor. He wrote music words to express his feelings, and sang and danced at the table, which was quite heroic. Zhang Yue: Courtesy goes back and forth between town and state. " By helping the same poet one after another, we can see how similar Z Ryan is in literary taste! Look at the martial arts again. Zhang Youjun was promoted to Prime Minister. Who proposed to build the army that day? It's Zhang. Zhang was also the first ambassador of the army. In other words, Zhang said that he could be a military envoy because the former army made Zhang a prime minister and made up for his official position. So in terms of martial arts, two people are kindred spirits. Because they have so much in common, Xuanzong felt that even if Zhang was appointed, there was no need to remove Zhang. The two are similar in temperament, but they only promote each other. In other words, in Xuanzong's mind, Zhang Shuo was introduced only to strengthen his work, not to change his work style. Of course, there is no need to change the prime minister's team.
Third, Zhang said that soon after he became prime minister, he was sent to the north as an ambassador to the North Army. Our era is the commander of the frontier military region. The residence of Shuofang Our Time is in Lingwu, Ningxia today. How can the Prime Minister be our time? Because something happened in the north again.
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As mentioned earlier, Zhang said that one of the important reasons why he worshiped his friends was that he helped our country's envoys in North China to quell the Hu people's rebellion in Hequ area. However, the rebellion was quickly put down and the place became chaotic again. What's going on here? At that time, our emissary in Shuofang was called Wang Yun, and the conference semifinals rebelled. Several envoys, including Zhang Shuo, were ordered to assist him in his crusade, and Wang Yun accepted. But there was a time when our commander Guo Zhiyun didn't have a good relationship with him. At this point, he also received an order to assist in the crusade. Wang Yun didn't like him, so he reported to the Central Committee that he wouldn't come. The ancient information transmission was slow, and Guo Zhiyun had already arrived with his soldiers before the approval of the imperial court came down. When I came here, I heard that Wang Yun made such a report, of course I was angry. He thought, "I want to help you regardless of past grievances, but you are ungrateful!" " "Don't you need my help? I prefer this theme, but I don't help. How can it not help? It turned out that the Hu people had surrendered to Wang Min, and he led the troops to fight again. The conference semifinals didn't know what to do, but they thought that Wang Fang had broken her word and deliberately betrayed them, so they began to make waves again. These two generals have caused so much trouble because of personal grievances. Of course, Emperor Xuanzong was very angry, so he dismissed Wang Min. Then who will take his place? Zhang said that he had been involved in counter-insurgency work and knew the local situation, so he was asked to take over this mess. In April of the 10th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang said that he left Chang 'an and came to Shuofang. At this time, the turmoil of the conference semifinals has evolved into pulling.
Of these three people, Yuan Ganzhi is a prime minister who is willing to be a "green leaf", so the problem is not big. The key is to be with Zhang. Both of them have great personalities. How should they get along? In particular, Zhang said, as a literary leader, will he be willing to put up with this inferior situation?
Second, the two tigers compete.
At that time, considering the first-come-first-served order, Xuanzong wanted Zhang to assist Zhang. Therefore, in the official position, Zhang is the official secretary and the official position is the prime minister; Zhang said that this is a problem of common rules and regulations, and it is alternating. Obviously, I want Zhang to be a good helper for Zhang. Isn't it more powerful for two people to promote each other and contribute to the country together? Unfortunately, this is only the wishful thinking of Xuanzong. Instead of becoming stronger, this arrangement led to a fight between two tigers. What's going on here? In a word, one mountain can't accommodate two tigers, and Zhang quit.
Why did Zhang say he resigned? Very simple, because he is more capable than Zhang! We have just analyzed the similarities between the two men, but we can already see that although Zhang He has a lot in common, he is better than Zhang Qiang on almost all issues! Obviously, it is not as good as a person who is not Zhang's character. Besides, although Zhang was a secretary and leader at that time, when she was in her teens, Zhang said she was an assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Zhang was the foreign minister of the Ministry of War, and Zhang said she was Zhang's direct leader! Now he is a subordinate of Zhang Lao's subordinates, and he feels unbalanced. Every time he talks to Zhang, his words always sting.
However, in this way, Zhang is also uncomfortable. Zhang is a very strong person, and there is an example that best illustrates the problem. Zhang made his fortune in the era of Wu Zetian. At that time, he was a humble fellow-townsman, because he wrote a work report for a local censor, who appreciated his talent and recommended him to Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian summoned him and talked to him through the curtain. When Zhang saw the curtain, she quit at once. He said, "There is grass in the sky once in a lifetime. As close as a cloud, I can't see the sun and the moon, and I am afraid that the monarch and the minister will do nothing. " I mean, this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. But your majesty blocked a curtain in front of me. This curtain not only blocks your sun and moon, but also blocks your way. Hearing this, Wu Zetian quickly opened the curtain and let Zhang taste it. Think about it, when Zhang was a common people, she dared to contradict the emperor. Isn't this a difficult role? When he became prime minister, his character became more prominent. According to Zhang Zhuan, the book of the Old Tang Dynasty, it means "arrogance, which is ridiculed by the theory of time". How can such a person tolerate others not listening to him and look down on him?
In this way, the two men pointed the finger at Maimang and were not convinced by each other. So, how is this problem solved? Zhang said he took the initiative. After returning from Shuofang, Zhang said that he began to think. How can I bring Zhang down? He knew that the key to getting rid of Zhang was the emperor. If you want the emperor to change his impression of Zhang, you must play it by ear. Soon, Zhang said that he seized two opportunities.
The first is the board-beating incident in the winter of the tenth year of Kaiyuan. At that time, there was a governor of Guangzhou named Pei Xianxian who committed a crime. The governor of Guangzhou was a local official, so Xuanzong called the prime minister to discuss how to deal with it. Gan Yao never makes a decision, so it depends on what Zhang and Zhang say. As the prime minister, Zhang first said: Please take your majesty's 100 lashes as an example! Let the emperor beat him on the board in front of civil and military officials. Xuanzong hasn't made a statement yet, but Zhang said he spoke. He said, you can't do this. There used to be a saying that doctors should not be punished. Because these people are important officials around the emperor, we should cultivate their self-esteem and sense of honor. Courtesy exchanges between governors, this is like a court. Now the governor of Guangzhou has committed a crime. According to the law, he can be killed or exiled, but how can he play the board in court? Is this too humiliating for him? There is a saying that "a scholar can be killed but not humiliated". Your majesty treats me like this, which makes the literati in the world chilling! I heard that I was away, and Zhang Xianggong suggested that your majesty call several ministers. The past cannot be undone, but please don't do it again! After Xuanzong learned the truth, he immediately announced that he would follow Zhang's suggestion.
After Zhang came out, I was so angry that I couldn't help complaining to Zhang and saying, What makes you alarmist in front of the emperor and refute in front of me? However, Zhang snapped, "The Prime Minister is here. Can he stay?
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If your minister can be a staff officer, I'm afraid we will do the same. This sentence was not addressed to you at first, but to all the gentlemen in the world. "This means that none of us who are prime ministers are lifelong. Today is the prime minister, tomorrow may be the ordinary minister. If I suggest playing the minister board today, I am afraid that one day the board will fall on you and me! So I said those words not only for Pei Xian, but also for all the gentlemen in the world. Please don't blame! When this was said, not only did Zhang have nothing to say, but in Xuanzong's heart, the status of the two prime ministers in his heart also changed. Isn't Xuanzong trying to establish a civilized government? Zhang said that this sentence is in line with Confucian ideals! On the contrary, Zhang's story is too rude. It seems that although Zhang was born in the system and can recite poetry and fu, Zhang said that he can understand the literary spirit thoroughly.
The emperor's attitude has changed, which is the first step to success. The following year, in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, Zhang said that he seized another opportunity. What chance? Zhang has a younger brother named, who was reported for corruption. Brother Zhang's feelings are extraordinary. The two brothers grew up with their parents dead and lived alone. When Zhang Gang was appreciated by Xuanzong, the first requirement was to transfer his younger brother to work around him. Later, my brother lived up to expectations and became General Jin Wu. Two brothers, one with a sword, just one position, the whole Chang 'an has nothing to envy. Now that he has committed a crime, Zhang is in a hurry. At this time, Zhang said that he had an idea. He told Zhang that the emperor trusted your brother so much that General Zhang made such a mistake. The emperor must be very angry! Since you are angry, I advise you not to shoot this gun. In my opinion, you don't go to court, just take the blame at home and show your regret. Seeing your good attitude, the emperor may be lenient with General Zhang. Although Zhang is tough, his heart is actually quite simple. At that time, he was utterly confused. She felt that Zhang's suggestion was very reasonable, so she really didn't go to the court and waited at home in plain clothes. Is Xuanzong lenient to his younger brother? How can it be! There is a saying that human nature is good. If you speak well in front of the emperor, maybe the emperor will give you face, and others will be lenient. Now that you're gone, what do others have to worry about?
What's more, Zhang's strong personality must be a sinner in peacetime. Now, when these people see the opportunity, they all hit people when they are down. Some people say that Zhang is not notoriously incorruptible. In fact, his brother is not only corrupt, but also takes bribes. At that time, a local official in Luoyang built a mansion for him. Later, fearing that things would be exposed, the local officials were forced to die a natural death. Others said that Zhang formed a clique for personal interests and put all his followers in Zhongshu Province, which exposed a series of problems. As a result, not only was he demoted as an official, but Zhang was also sentenced to lax governance, investigated for responsibility and demoted to the secretariat of Youzhou. Didn't Zhang go to court? No need to go to court this time. Zhang was demoted. Who will be the secretary of the secretariat? Zhang is of course right. Only then did I realize that I was cheated by what Zhang said! So tell everyone:
There are two posts in the secretariat. He said you can work with me if you want to. Why bother me so much?
I feel bad being played and calculated. A year later, Zhang Ba was transferred back to the central government from Youzhou, and he was appointed as the Minister of Household Affairs. Didn't Tang Xuanzong always give preferential treatment to the outgoing Prime Minister? Let Zhang and Yuan entertain Zhang in Zhongshu Province. I didn't expect enemies to meet. I was jealous, so I performed the opening. Zhang pointed to his nose and scolded Zhang, hoping to hit him on the spot. But then again, even if you beat him, what can you do?
Through Zhang's step-by-step efforts, he was completely overthrown by Zhang and became the prime minister as he wished. Zhang said that the dispute between Zhang and Zhang became a unique political phenomenon in the Kaiyuan period. Then, as the supreme ruler of the Tang Dynasty, what kind of responsibility should Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty bear on the issue of the struggle between the two tigers?
So, what problems did this prime minister's dispute reflect? I think, in addition to feeling Zhang's scheming, there are three issues worthy of attention.
First of all, the contradiction with Zhang is actually the result of Xuanzong's improper handling. Since Xuanzong came to power, it has become a political practice to appoint only one prime minister and one assistant to the prime minister. This time, Xuanzong himself broke the routine and created a troika. In fact, he put Zhang in a competitive position, which caused a series of problems. In other words, it was Xuanzong's improper handling that led to Zhang's conspiracy and Zhang's anger. This is Xuanzong's mistake.
Secondly, it is actually the result of Xuanzong's choice that Zhang can finally be replaced. Why was Zhang arrested? Because Zhang Shuo is good at planning? I don't think this is a problem. The key lies in Xuanzong's judgment. As we said in the last chapter, after more than ten years' efforts, Xuanzong has made preparations for the real prosperity. The symbol of prosperity is literary ambition and kung fu. In martial arts, Zhang said that he had two experiences in suppressing rebellion. These two victories over the Hu people in Hequ area were also the biggest military victories since the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, which Zhang called a powerful political capital.
Zhi and Zhang called him a well-deserved literary leader at that time. In addition, it can be seen from the incident of beating the board that Zhang said that he knows more about the way of monarch and minister than he does, and he also knows more about the spirit of civil administration. Zhang is not bad. History books have a very consistent evaluation of him, that is, "being an official" and "being an official." Simply put, it is good at handling political affairs, especially specific work. These advantages are very important, but with the development of Xuanzong's dream of prosperity, such advantages are not enough. After repeated comparisons, Xuanzong finally made up his mind. Although Zhang is also the prime minister he worships, he still has to choose between good and better. This is the wisdom of Xuanzong.
What's more, Zhang's strong personality must be a sinner in peacetime. Now, when these people see the opportunity, they all hit people when they are down. Some people say that Zhang is not notoriously incorruptible. In fact, his brother is not only corrupt, but also takes bribes. At that time, a local official in Luoyang built a mansion for him. Later, fearing that things would be exposed, the local officials were forced to die a natural death. Others said that Zhang formed a clique for personal interests and put all his followers in Zhongshu Province, which exposed a series of problems. As a result, not only was he demoted as an official, but Zhang was also sentenced to lax governance, investigated for responsibility and demoted to the secretariat of Youzhou. Didn't Zhang go to court? No need to go to court this time. Zhang was demoted. Who will be the secretary of the secretariat? Zhang is of course right. Only then did I realize that I was cheated by what Zhang said! So tell everyone:
There are two posts in the secretariat. He said you can work with me if you want to. Why bother me so much?
I feel bad being played and calculated. A year later, Zhang Ba was transferred back to the central government from Youzhou, and he was appointed as the Minister of Household Affairs. Didn't Tang Xuanzong always give preferential treatment to the outgoing Prime Minister? Let Zhang and Yuan entertain Zhang in Zhongshu Province. I didn't expect enemies to meet. I was jealous, so I performed the opening. Zhang pointed to his nose and scolded Zhang, hoping to hit him on the spot. But then again, even if you beat him, what can you do?
Through Zhang's step-by-step efforts, he was completely overthrown by Zhang and became the prime minister as he wished. Zhang said that the dispute between Zhang and Zhang became a unique political phenomenon in the Kaiyuan period. Then, as the supreme ruler of the Tang Dynasty, what kind of responsibility should Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty bear on the issue of the struggle between the two tigers?
So, what problems did this prime minister's dispute reflect? I think, in addition to feeling Zhang's scheming, there are three issues worthy of attention.
First of all, the contradiction with Zhang is actually the result of Xuanzong's improper handling. Since Xuanzong came to power, it has become a political practice to appoint only one prime minister and one assistant to the prime minister. This time, Xuanzong himself broke the routine and created a troika. In fact, he put Zhang in a competitive position, which caused a series of problems. In other words, it was Xuanzong's improper handling that led to Zhang's conspiracy and Zhang's anger. This is Xuanzong's mistake.
Secondly, it is actually the result of Xuanzong's choice that Zhang can finally be replaced. Why was Zhang arrested? Because Zhang Shuo is good at planning? I don't think this is a problem. The key lies in Xuanzong's judgment. As we said in the last chapter, after more than ten years' efforts, Xuanzong has made preparations for the real prosperous time. The symbol of prosperity is literary ambition and kung fu. In martial arts, Zhang said that he had two experiences in suppressing rebellion. These two victories over the Hu people in Hequ area were also the biggest military victories since the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, which Zhang called a powerful political capital. Zhi and Zhang called him a well-deserved literary leader at that time. In addition, it can be seen from the incident of beating the board that Zhang said that he knows more about the way of monarch and minister than he does, and he also knows more about the spirit of civil administration. Zhang is not bad. History books have a very consistent evaluation of him, that is, "being an official" and "being an official." Simply put, it is good at handling political affairs, especially specific work. These advantages are very important, but with the development of Xuanzong's dream of prosperity, such advantages are not enough. After repeated comparisons, Xuanzong finally made up his mind. Although Zhang is also the prime minister he worships, he still has to choose between good and better. This is the wisdom of Xuanzong.