"Composition" is a narrative method that expresses the meaning of a theme through words after people's ideological consideration and language organization. Composition can be divided into primary school composition, middle school composition and college composition (paper). Composition genres include: narrative, expository, practical and argumentative.
Practical writing is the general name of various styles with direct practical value, standardized format and concise language used by various enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals to deal with various public and private affairs, transmit and exchange information and solve practical problems in social activities such as work, study and daily life. For example: letters, thank-you letters, letters of commendation, letters of condolence ...; Diary, reading notes, notices, announcements, speeches, blackboard newspapers, invitations, congratulations, contracts, meetings. ...
Practical writing mainly uses standardized modern Chinese, and the language of the article is solemn, concise and rigorous, which is in sharp contrast with literary works. Composition pays more attention to the use of rhetorical devices, wording and sentence making, organizational structure and other literary qualities.
2. Similarities and differences between practical writing and ordinary writing Practical writing refers to resumes, investigation reports, internship reports, ideological reports, work summaries, job-seeking speeches, contract samples, applications, etc. Often used in daily life or work. [1] Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important. The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a common format.
General writing includes practical writing, but it is not practical.
3. Similarity between literary writing and practical writing From the comparison between practical writing and literary writing, practical writing has four important characteristics: first, the passivity and compulsion of drafting practical writing; Second, the authority and binding force of content expression; The third is the stylization and patterning of expression forms; The fourth is the rapidity and time limit of writing requirements.
Keywords Comparison of writing characteristics of practical writing Practical writing and literary writing are two important writing forms with completely different characteristics and requirements. Literature is an art that vividly reflects objective reality with language as a tool, including drama, poetry, novels, essays and so on.
Literary writing, which aims at shaping literary images, is an imaginative, aesthetic and creative writing practice, while practical writing is a writing practice aimed at adapting to social practicality, with the characteristics of practicality, standardization and conciseness. Compared with literary writing, practical writing has the following four characteristics: first, the passivity and compulsion of drafting practical writing. From the perspective of creative motivation, literary writing is the author's initiative, while practical writing is very passive.
Generally speaking, literary writing is formed by writers independently reflecting the objective world or actively expressing some thoughts and feelings; The writing of practical writing is to meet the needs of official activities, not because of events or orders. Drafting practical writing does not depend on personal intentions and interests, but on the needs of actual official activities or the official arrangements of leaders.
For example, at the end of the year, the superior requires to submit a work summary and a work plan for the next year; The successful convening of The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the goal of the common struggle of the whole party and the people of the whole country in the future. In order to convey the spirit of the meeting to the masses and deploy learning requirements, it is necessary to draft a notice on studying and implementing the 17th National Congress. If the company plans to update the office equipment, but the funds are insufficient, it needs to make a request to the superior * * *, or submit a request letter to the financial department. This feature of practical writing requires the writer to adopt the way of empathy in the writing process, actively think about problems from the perspective and position of the organization he agrees with, and put forward opinions and opinions.
In terms of writing ideas, writers should not only have a clear understanding and accurate judgment of practical work, but also thoroughly understand and implement macro policies; It is necessary to highlight the key points of work, grasp the key issues, and make overall plans and reasonable arrangements; We should not only be good at accurately grasping the personal language characteristics and thinking habits of leaders, but also take into account the requirements of superiors and writing norms. Only by positive empathy can we accurately grasp the laws and characteristics of practical writing and write high-quality practical writing.
Second, the authority and binding force of content expression. From the perspective of content expression, the content expression of literary writing is relatively free and only represents the author's personal views and opinions; And practical writing has a strong authority and binding force. The purpose of literary writing is appreciation, not practicality. Even the personal works of leaders are not authoritative and binding.
Practical writing is produced with the emergence of class, country and writing. It is an effective means of administrative management and shoulders the heavy responsibility of national management and social management. Practical writing must strictly follow, carry out and implement the line, principles and policies of the party and the state, stress politics, embody authority, seriousness and solemnity, and have a strong binding force on the audience, and must be followed, handled and implemented in accordance with the requirements of practical writing.
As the saying goes, "One word becomes practical writing, but nine cows can't pull it out." Practical writing emphasizes the objective way of thinking. The writer's thinking should obey the needs of the object, grasp the characteristics of the object, and organize the content of practical writing according to the actual situation of the object, so as to achieve the purpose of doing things.
This requires people engaged in practical writing to seriously study the party's line, principles and policies, learn the spirit of instructions from superiors, and effectively implement them in light of local conditions and departments. Third, the stylization and patterning of expression forms. From the form of expression, literary writing encourages creation and pays attention to "literature seems to look at the mountains and does not like peace"; The stylized features of practical writing are obvious.
Literary writing is more flamboyant in personality, more flexible in form and more diverse in style, which urges writers to express their artistic imagination and thinking in images, break through the shackles and create a new artistic realm. Compared with literary writing, practical writing has obvious formatting thinking, strong logic, rigorous structure and boring writing.
Some people say that practical writing is stereotyped writing, which is a misunderstanding. The consistency and standardization of applied style and format is the normative requirement of applied writing, and it is by no means "stereotyped writing".
A remarkable feature of practical writing is that it has a fixed and established style and format. Judging from the format of applied writing, the format of applied writing has the characteristics of standardization and standardization. The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued the national standard "Format of Applied Writing for State Administrative Organs".
In addition, the Measures for the Handling of Practical Writing in State Administrative Organs and the Provisions for the Handling of Practical Writing in Party Affairs Organs respectively stipulate administrative official documents and party affairs, and put forward clear requirements from the aspects of writing style, writing rules, practical writing paper and practical writing handling. Judging from the writing method of the text of practical writing, there are idiomatic ways at the beginning, text and end of practical writing, idioms in all parts, and idiomatic writing methods in the structural arrangement of the main parts of various languages.
For example, in the writing of "notice", first write the reasons for the notice, then write the notice items, and finally write idioms at the end; In the "request" writing, the reasons, matters and results of the request should be clearly stated; The writing of "plan" should state the objectives, measures and steps in the main part. The patterning and stylization of practical writing is formed to meet the actual needs of practical writing. Concise and clear, it is helpful for the audience to understand the main idea of practical writing, avoid ambiguity in understanding, and is beneficial to official business processing, which is of great significance in practical writing processing.
According to this characteristic of practical writing, practical writers can learn and master the different characteristics and requirements of various languages, so as to grasp the rules of practical writing more quickly and improve the efficiency of official business. Imitation and imitation are shortcuts to improve practical writing ability.
Fourth, the rapidity and time limit of writing requirements. Judging from the writing process, literary writing has no time requirement and is relatively free and loose, while practical writing has strict time limit. Literary writing.
4. What's the difference between practical writing and general composition writing? Differences and connections between applied writing and literary writing.
To understand the similarities and differences between the two, we must first understand what writing is.
What is writing?
Writing, in layman's terms, means writing articles or creating literary works.
Modern society is an information society, and the value and benefit of information lies in communication, communication and communication. There are two most commonly used means to spread, communicate and communicate information: one is audio-visual, the other is language and images; The second is symbols, that is, words. Writing is an important way to exchange ideas and transmit information in written language, which has always occupied an extremely important position in human social life.
Writing is not only conducive to summarizing and managing material production, spiritual production, political activities, social interaction, etc. It can also help us develop our intelligence and thinking. Therefore, from kindergarten to primary school, middle school and university, schools at all levels attach great importance to the teaching of "writing".
According to the definition of writing, we usually divide writing into two aspects: on the one hand, practical writing. It refers to a style with a fixed format commonly used by state organs, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and individuals when dealing with public and private affairs, transmitting information and solving practical problems. It is usually called applied stylistic writing. On the other hand, it is literary writing. It refers to the art of using language to shape characters and reflect social life, including novels, poems, essays, plays and other styles. It is often called literary creation.
The difference between applied writing and literary writing;
① In nature, practical writing is universal and instrumental, while literary creation is more artistic and professional.
② From the perspective of connection and practicality, practical writing is more closely related to real life, and it is more faithful (faithfully reflecting the intention of the writing unit) and practical (as a tool to guide work and deal with problems).
③ In terms of writing characteristics, practical writing generally has two characteristics: one is mandatory, that is, whether to write practical writing depends on the needs of superiors, work or others; Second, there is a time limit, that is, the drafting of practical writing has a very strict time limit, and even requires immediate rush out in an emergency.
The relationship between applied writing and literary writing;
① Practical writing is the foundation and literary creation is the improvement.
(2) Practical writing is the practice of writing at ordinary times, while literary creation is the creative impulse and artistic sublimation after long-term accumulation.