"Will folk local culture become the victim of modernization and urbanization?" This problem, which haunts the hearts of inheritors and fans of folk culture and art, is attracting the attention of governments at all levels in China. While "non-legacy" has become a social hotspot and a gold-lettered signboard created by local governments, another project that has been going on for 27 years is trying to answer this question in another way.
The policy of "zero gold content" incites the government's enthusiasm
Compared with similar selection activities of other ministries and commissions, the evaluation and naming of "the hometown of folk culture and art in China" by the Ministry of Culture is almost "zero gold content", and the named area can't get actual support funds or policies, but just hangs a signboard. But even so, local governments are still actively reporting. In 2011-2013, a total of 573 counties (townships) in China signed up for the naming of "the hometown of folk culture and art in China", and finally 528 counties and townships were named. The naming of 2014-2016 has just begun, and more than 480 counties and townships across the country have signed up to participate.
Chenghua district participated in the latest round of judging and naming, and the declared project was colored plastic sculpture. Chenghua district's colored sculptures have a history of thousands of years, which flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and are as famous as Tianjin's "clay fighter Zhang", and are known as "Southern Cai and Northern Zhang". Today, in all streets and 80% communities in chenghua district, you can see the activity room of the "painted plastic workshop" set up by the government. 1 17 painted plastic workshops attract 650,000 residents to participate in related activities every year. "We dare not say that everyone can pinch colored plastic, but dare to say that everyone knows colored plastic, and colored plastic is a business card of our district." Zhang Xiaojun, deputy secretary of Chenghua District Committee and district head, said.
Liu Xiaomeng is a disabled person. He studied in a colored plastic workshop for two years, and he can skillfully color clay sculptures. He said that he could draw up to 50 clay sculptures every day, each from 1.3 yuan to 1.5 yuan, which was bought back by the manufacturer, so that he could earn some extra money, stay with friends and feel that life was much better than before.
Zhang Xiaojun said that building a "hometown of folk culture and art" will help to enhance the city's reputation and cultural influence, enhance the attraction and utilization of grassroots cultural facilities, and promote the development of cultural industries. From 20 1 1 to 20 13, chenghua district spent 765,438+million yuan on the protection, inheritance and development of colored sculptures, accounting for 5% of all cultural undertakings.
Chaohu City, Anhui Province is a famous "hometown of folk songs" in China. As early as 1955, Chaohu folk singer sang folk songs and they turned to Huairentang, which was cordially received by Mao Zedong and other parties and countries. However, with the change of production mode and lifestyle, the scene of "water towns singing all over the world" is no longer the same. Wu, vice mayor of Chaohu City, said that Chaohu Lake has been awarded the title of "Hometown of Folk Culture and Art in China" twice, and one of the important reasons for participating in this naming activity for many years is to enhance the image of the city. She said: "There are always beautiful scenery, but there are not many beautiful scenery with cultural connotations. The urban orientation of Chaohu City is to build a tourist eco-city, which cannot be separated from the support of culture. Chaohu Lake is not only beautiful, but also a city with a soul. We used a folk song as a starting point to polish this signboard and attract more tourists. "
In 20 12, Chaohu issued the "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Development of Chaohu Folk Songs", and the municipal government allocated 800,000 yuan each year for the protection, inheritance and innovative development of Chaohu Folk Songs.
Folk culture and art contain new business opportunities.
For Pengxi County, Sichuan Province, calligraphy is not only a highly popular art among the people, but also bears the hope of county economic transformation and development. In many counties in Sichuan, Pengxi's economy is relatively backward, and the county's tax revenue is only 300 million in 20 13 years. Deng, member of the Standing Committee of the County Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda, told the reporter that no industrial enterprise had settled in Pengxi County in recent 10 years due to water shortage. Investment promotion has encountered an insurmountable resource bottleneck.
But Pengxi has calligraphy. Pengxi has 29 members of China Calligraphers Association, 48 members of provincial Calligraphers Association, more than 3,200 members of city and county Calligraphers Association, and nearly 500,000 people have participated in calligraphy training, creation and collection. It is a logical choice to build calligraphy culture tourism industry and realize the transformation and upgrading of county economy. "We will build Pengxi into' China Calligraphy City' and make Pengxi an important calligraphy talent training base, calligraphy art exchange center and calligraphy works exchange center in western China and even the whole country." Liu Hongbo, deputy head of Pengxi County, said that making the calligraphy industry bigger and stronger became the main motivation for them to participate in the selection of "Hometown of Folk Culture and Art in China".
Next to a reservoir in Chicheng Town, Pengxi County, a "China Painting and Calligraphy Cultural and Creative Industry Demonstration Base" covering an area of more than 760 mu with an investment of more than 654.38+08 billion yuan has begun to take shape, and it is expected to be completed and opened by the end of 2065.438+08. Deng told reporters that the annual turnover of calligraphy and painting in China is 80 billion yuan. If Pengxi County can account for 10% of it, there will be 8 billion, which is a huge boost to the county's economy.
If Pengxi is still working hard for the future, the areas famous for traditional folk handicrafts such as colored sculptures, iron paintings, prints and embroidery have embarked on the road of industrialization. Chengdu Fengyatang Culture Co., Ltd., based on the colored plastic resources in chenghua district, started with 1 000 yuan, and developed the Q version of Three Kingdoms figures, Kung Fu Panda and other popular colored plastic sculptures in the market. In just a few years, sales have reached tens of millions of yuan. Yang Rong, the design director, told the reporter that the combination of traditional color plastic technology and modern creative design makes color plastic have a good market prospect.
"Hammer as a pen, iron as ink", Jinghu District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province is a famous hometown of iron painting at home and abroad. At present, there are 6 iron painting enterprises/KLOC-0 in the area, with annual sales of nearly 100 million yuan. Xi Wu Yao, the head of Jinghu District, said that Jinghu District was named "the hometown of folk culture and art in China" by the Ministry of Culture on 20 1 1 and will continue to declare this year. Xi Wu Yao said that in Wuhu's 200 billion yuan gross national product, the annual output value of iron paintings is negligible, but the cultural value and market potential of Wuhu iron paintings should not be underestimated. City governments attach great importance to iron painting and give financial and tax support. At present, the prices of some iron painting masters' works have reached six figures, and the average income of employees in the iron painting industry is higher than that of all industries in Wuhu.
From the application materials collected by the Ministry of Culture and field visits, it can be seen that those folk handicrafts with material carriers and certain market demand are in a good state of protection and inheritance, and basically will not face the crisis of extinction. "It can be said that the naming review of the' Hometown of Folk Culture and Art in China' has promoted the enthusiasm of all localities to protect and develop their native culture." Yin Shousong, director of the Department of Public Culture of the Ministry of Culture, said.
"Building a hometown of folk literature and art is to protect cultural diversity"
Compared with folk handicrafts with material carriers and good industrialization prospects, the inheritance, protection and development of some folk cultures and arts are not so optimistic.
"At present, the two most serious and prominent problems are: one is the crisis of inheritance, and the other is change, which is no longer original." Zhou Xiaopu, deputy director of the National Intangible Heritage Protection Center, said that these two problems are common everywhere.
Li is the inheritor of Chaohu folk songs. In 2006, she formed the Chaohu Sister-in-law Folk Song Team. More than 20 folk singers are all over 60 years old, and the oldest is 75 years old this year. She said that all the people who can sing Chaohu folk songs are old people, and young people can neither sing nor like it. The folk song team is now affiliated to the Committee for the Aged, and mainly trains and sings in the township university for the aged.
Also based in the University for the Aged are dangtu county folk singers Zhang Shanbao and Wang. Zhang Shanbao, 72, and Wang, 7 1 year-old, teach folk songs in the county university for the aged and organize a folk song team. Wang told reporters that in order to train successors, she set up a Dangtu folk song inheritance base in a kindergarten and selected more than a dozen most distinctive folk songs to teach children, who learned quickly.
The dangtu county Municipal Government organized the compilation of "Local Music Textbook" for the introduction of folk songs into the campus, and invited Zhang Shanbao and other folk singers to teach in primary and secondary schools, with two music classes every week, which achieved remarkable results. The counselor of dangtu county Experimental Middle School told the reporter that any student can sing the masterpiece of Dangtu folk song "Singing Green Sea Jin Lang".
With the popularity of popular culture today, traditional folk literature and art are also changing in form. Take folk songs as an example, where there are many kinds of folk songs, mostly in areas with many dialects, folk songs can only be sung in dialects to sing local characteristics. However, many local dialects are weakening, and some folk songs have begun to be sung in Mandarin. Influenced by the TV evening, especially the Spring Festival Evening, local folk songs pursue technology and dance beauty in their performances, which are more and more close to the party style, but the local flavor is weakened. In this regard, Zhou Xiaopu said: "It is not that we cannot innovate, but that innovation and inheritance should be divided into two lines and cannot be confused. Otherwise, traditional things will lose their taste and become' genetically modified'. "
One side of water and soil supports one side of people, and the other side of water and soil also supports one side of art. There are 2,858 county-level administrative divisions and 40,858 township-level administrative divisions in China, many of which have their own unique cultures, which together constitute a rich and diverse China culture. If they disappear, China culture will be dealt a heavy blow. "China culture is not only what you see on TV, but also what you see in Beijing and Shanghai. There is a richer and more traditional China behind modern China. From this perspective, the name' China Hometown of Folk Culture and Art' is to protect the diversity of China culture. "