165 1 year, Shi Lang accompanied Zheng to Qinwang, Nan 'ao, Guangdong. Later, due to Zheng's strategy of "abandoning water for land, and raising wages by plundering", he was very unhappy, cut off the relieving power and sent Shi Lang back to Xiamen as a sinecure. When the Qing army attacked Xiamen, Zheng Zhiguan, the commander-in-chief of Xiamen, panicked and abandoned the city. When Shi Lang personally led more than 60 people around him to take the initiative to resist, he was unstoppable and killed the horses of the Qing army. Ma Degong was almost captured alive and led the crowd.
Zheng Chenggong, who was in South Australia at that time, saw that his morale was shaken and it was impossible to continue south, so he had to return to Xiamen. Zheng summoned all the generals who resisted, but said nothing about Shi Lang, the "fake idle man" who bravely resisted the enemy. He was paid only 200 sycees. Previously, assistant minister Zuo Xianfeng's military power was not restored, which caused Shi's dissatisfaction with Zheng. At this moment, a Qin Bing Zengde in Assistant Minister committed a capital crime, fled to Zheng Chenggong's place, and was promoted to pro-obedience. Shi Lang retakes Zeng De and is ready to accept punishment. When Zheng heard the news, he sent someone to convey the order. Shi Lang must not kill Zeng De.
Shi Lang said, "I dare not break the law. How can people who break the law escape responsibility? " Then ordered the killing of Zend.
Qinbing Zeng De, who was killed by Shi Lang, was angered again, thus escalating the contradiction between Shi and Zheng, and Zheng Sui ordered the arrest of Shi Lang and his son. Later, Shi Lang tricked him into escaping. Zheng Chenggong was furious and killed his father, Daxuan, and his younger brother, Shixian. Shi Lang was forced to land in the Qing Dynasty. He was appointed as the deputy commander of Tongan, replacing the company commander of Tongan. 1662 was promoted to the prefect of Fujian Navy, and then Taiwan Province Province was pacified, and Zheng Group was successfully sued. And wrote to the Qing court to incorporate Taiwan Province Province into Chinese territory. Finally got the support of Emperor Kangxi.
1683 (twenty-two years of Kangxi), the leader of Shi Lang. Later, he actively appealed to the Qing court to station troops in Taiwan Province Province to defend Taiwan Province and strengthen Xinjiang. He made outstanding contributions to the integrity of the motherland and was widely praised, but he was also criticized by some people.
The evaluation of Shi Lang is a controversial issue in the field of history at home and abroad. The reason is mainly due to the different historical views.
Recover Taiwan
1683 (22nd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty) In June, he was ordered to recover Taiwan Province Province, and Zhou, commander-in-chief of Fujian, quickly captured Penghu. Then, taking advantage of the favorable situation, he actively appealed to the Zheng Group in Taiwan Province Province, urging the Zheng Group to give up resistance and make a just appeal. Taiwan Province Province surrendered without a fight. At that time, the Qing court lacked understanding of the importance of Taiwan Province's status, and there was a dispute about whether to stay in Taiwan. Shi Lang's main force is to stay in Taiwan Province to defend Taiwan Province. With the support of Huang Xiyuan, a university student (prime minister) in charge of the Ministry of War in Qing Dynasty, Shi Lang (brother-in-law of Huang Xiyuan, the cabinet minister in charge of the Ministry of War) moved Emperor Kangxi and his ministers in the DPRK, and the Qing court finally decided to set up a county in Taiwan Province to manage and station troops. Since then, Taiwan Province Province was occupied by the Japanese army for 50 years after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and was recovered at 1945 after World War II.
After Zheng Jing succeeded Zheng Chenggong, there was an internal conflict between Chen Yonghua (father-in-law of Zheng Kecang) and Feng Xifan (father-in-law of Zheng Keshuang). Sick Zheng Jing left government affairs to his eldest son Zheng Kecang. He is smart and capable, and he does things in an orderly way. He never makes mistakes and is very loved and trusted by Zheng Jing. After Zheng Jing's death, Feng Xifan poisoned Zheng Kecang and made 1 1 year-old puppet Zheng Keshuang the king of Yanping. Feng Xifan was overbearing, took bribes, perverted the law and lost the hearts of the people. 1664, because of his suggestion, Shi Lang sent troops to capture the new victory of Jinxia, and prepared to "attack Penghu and take Taiwan Province Province directly", claiming that "the four seas are unified and the border people are safe".
1667, after the failure of Kong Yuanzhang's lawsuit against Taiwan, Shi Lang wrote "Suffering from the border should be quiet and sparse" and the following year wrote "What Chen sees is sparse", emphasizing that "Zheng Jing and others will never be allowed to resist the occupation of Taiwan Province Province, and the coastal areas of the five provinces will be out of bounds, so that" people with short taxes will be trapped in the sky "; Taiwan Province Province must be leveled quickly, so as to reduce troops, expand land and increase taxes, and to "make people's livelihood peaceful and the border areas safe". He analyzed the strength of both sides and pointed out that "the number of soldiers in Taiwan Province Province is less than 20,000, and the number of naval soldiers is no more than 200". They were able to occupy Taiwan Province Province because of the imprisonment of the sea in Wang Yang. In Fujian, "there are 10,000 officers and men in the navy, and many officers and men have become marine divisions and defected". As long as they choose the top 20,000 teams from them, Taiwan Province Province will be razed. He advocated both suppression and treatment, and sent troops to Taiwan Province as soon as possible to avoid "raising carbuncle". Shi Lang's proposal was attacked by the central conservative forces headed by Ao Bai, and his proposal was suppressed on the pretext of "the ocean is far away, the wind and waves are unpredictable, and it is difficult to win the battle". "Shi Lang's suggestion was shelved and even dismissed as a naval officer. He stayed in Beijing for 13 years, but he was still determined to take revenge on Taiwan Province and realize his wish. On the day he was in Beijing, he paid close attention to the trends along the coast of Fujian and studied them carefully. In order to be used by the court, he worked hard day and night. 1682 (twenty-first year of Kangxi) 10 After the Qing government put down the "San Francisco" rebellion, Shi Lang was finally reinstated as the prefect of Fujian Navy and added the title of Prince Shaobao. After returning to Xiamen, he "stayed up all night, forgot to eat and sleep, while training the whole boat, while making equipment and selecting the whole boat by himself", which lasted for several months, making this naval master who was originally "ignorant" "practice hard and get everything ready".
1683, 14 In June, Shi Lang led the water army to set off from Tongshan and quickly conquered Zheng Group's garrison in Penghu. Since then, Shi Lang has stepped up its military actions, showing kindness to the Zheng clique that occupied Taiwan Province province. Under the pressure of Shi Lang's army, Zheng Keshuang said blankly: "People are full of wind and cranes, and the code has changed; The foot soldiers are devastated, but the war is unpredictable. Please surrender, lest you regret it later. " Zheng Keshuang, after all, was clever and listened to Liu Guoxuan's advice.
On August 13, 2003, Shi Lang led sailors to Taiwan Province Province, and Liu Guoxuan led civil and military officials to meet them. After Shi Lang entered Taiwan, he went to the temple and spoke highly of Zheng and his son's achievements in governing Taiwan Province Province, saying that the recovery of Taiwan Province Province was due to the country and the people, and there was no resentment against it. (Original Sacrifice: Since Tongan Hou entered Taiwan, there have been residents in Taiwan. If we catch Tu, whose surname is Qi, the world will be on the rock side. Who can you be? Today, thanks to the power of the son of heaven, the generals have the strength to conquer the country, so they are loyal to the court and report their responsibilities to their fathers and brothers. A person in the ranks, gave the surname pleasure, a little suspicious in the middle, leading to a big crime. Posting gives the surname, attacking the enemy, and loving the Lord. The poor are among the reeds, and righteousness does not do it. Justice and personal kindness, if so. "Never put off till tomorrow what you can say, Shi Lang choked up, tears streaming down her face. Officers and soldiers Zheng and the people of Taiwan Province Province were deeply moved. Praise Shi Lang for being broad-minded and focusing on the overall situation. Dealing calmly with the relationship between justice and personal grievances is far from what Wu Zixu in the Spring and Autumn Period can match).
The way to be an official
After Shi Lang captured Taiwan Province Province, Shi Lang, the owner of land income, occupied almost half of the cultivated land in South Taiwan Province Province, which was called "Shi Hou Renting Grazing" until the Japanese occupation. The rent collected is called "Shi Hou rent". "Hou Shi Da Rent" was accepted by the Qing government in Taiwan Province, and was sent to Beijing, where it was handed over to hereditary owners. So it's not enough. It's insatiable. Even landless fishermen were spared. Shi Lang extorted "etiquette" income from fishermen. Two years after his death, the Qing court issued an imperial edict saying: "Penghu, Fujian is an island in the sea, with no land to cultivate. Residents of the islands affiliated to the island set up boats and used salt to fish to paste their mouths. Shi Lang, the former assistant minister, took advantage of the situation and was independent. Every year, he receives 1220 rules. When Xu arrived, he invited this item to the government, thinking that it was the annual official expenses of the prefect government, and the rate was normal. Experts are arbitrary and demanding, and many fishermen are exploited, which is quite hard for the poor along the coast. Governor Hao Yulin announced that I would ban leather forever. "
Under Shi Lang, it was stipulated that "those who go to Taiwan Province are not allowed to bring their families. For the benefit of the people, hipsters are mostly connected with the sea, especially forbidden. " (A General History of Lian Taiwan Province). First of all, Guangdong Hakkas are forbidden to go to Taiwan Province on the grounds that there are many "pirates" in Taiwan Province, and "Huichao people are mostly connected with Zheng"; People from other regions are also strictly restricted from going to Taiwan, and it is even stipulated that people who have gone to Taiwan cannot bring their families, that is, people are not allowed to take root in Taiwan Province Province. This policy later led to a shortage of women in Taiwan Province Province. Huang Shufang, the first imperial adviser who toured Taiwan Province, quoted the record of "Last Talk about Governing Taiwan" in the Record of Taiwan Province's Ambassador Charu, saying: "In the world of General Shi Lang, Cantonese people are forbidden to take advantage of the tide and are not allowed to cross Taiwan. The land of bad tides is always a pirate's lair, but I have never forgotten it. After a while, the ban was gradually relaxed, and the beneficiaries had to cross over. " Therefore, Shi Lang's rule over Taiwan Province Province constitutes the biggest obstacle to cross-strait exchanges.