Guandu is located in the north of Xuchang, south of the Yellow River, less than 200 miles away from Xuchang. From Hebei to Henan, it is a military important place. It is famous for the Guandu War that shocked the world. Now it is located in Guanduqiao Village, 2.5 kilometers northeast of zhongmou county, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province.
Although the vigorous peasant uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was suppressed, it dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the landlord class in the Han Dynasty and made the decadent Eastern Han regime exist in name only. In the process of suppressing the Yellow turban insurrectionary, the states and counties all over the country monopolized the military and political power, and the landlords and strongmen also organized partiality and occupied the territory one after another, forming separatist forces of all sizes, which evolved into a long-term war for power and profit and mutual integration, resulting in the tragic scene of bones exposed thousands of miles away from the Central Plains and chickens crowing endlessly. At that time, the separatist forces mainly included Yuan Shao in Hebei, JASON ZHANG in Hanoi, Cao Cao in Yanzhou, Lu Bu in Xuzhou, Yuan Shu in Yangzhou, Sun Ce in Jiangdong, Liu Biao in Jingzhou, Gongsun Zan in Youzhou and Zhang Xiu in Nanyang. It has formed a situation in which the heroes rise together. In the successive wars of these separatist forces, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao gradually developed and expanded.
In the third year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao defeated Gongsun Zan and occupied the land of Qing, You, Ji and Sizhou. In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao carried the Han Emperor to Xuchang, forming a situation in which he carried the Emperor to make the princes gain political advantages. In the spring of the second year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Shouchun. That is, Cao Cao went to Yuan Shu to destroy it in the name of FengTianZi. Then, Lu Bu was destroyed and Zhang Yang's infighting was used to gain Hanoi County. Since then, Cao Cao's influence has spread from Guanzhong in the west to Yanzhou, Henan and Xuzhou in the east, controlling most areas south of the Yellow River, Huai River and Han River, and forming a north-south confrontation with Yuan Shao in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Yuan Shao was far stronger than Cao Cao at that time, and naturally he didn't want to surrender to Cao Cao himself. He is determined to fight Cao Cao. In June of the fourth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao selected 100,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in an attempt to attack Xu Changnan, and the battle of Guandu began.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an in Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's army defeated Yuan Shao's army in Guandu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the strongmen fought for power and profit and fought in the Central Plains. When Yuan Shao owned Hebei, Qinghai, Youzhou and Hefei, he thought he had more soldiers and more food, and plotted to destroy Cao Cao in Yanzhou and Henan. In January of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao led hundreds of soldiers south. Before this, Cao Cao had defeated Liu Bei, who was allied with Yuan Shao, to avoid being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and was stationed in Guandu, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack. In April, Cao Cao made a diversion, struck Yuan Jiangyan's beam at Baima, and defeated Yuan Jun.
Yuan Shao was defeated in the first battle and his spirit was frustrated. He separated the troops and pushed them into a crowded camp. The two armies fought fiercely in Guandu for months. At the same time, Cao Cao wanted to return to Xuchang because his soldiers were too tired and had no food. Counselor Xun Yu believes that if the enemy is strong and we are weak, withdrawing troops will take advantage; On the other hand, Yuan Jun underestimated the enemy and was divided internally.
The battle of Guandu was a key battle for the change of Yuan and Cao forces and the unification of northern China from division. It has had an extremely important impact on the development of the history of the three countries. Cao Jun's victory in this war was not accidental. Although the merger of Yuan and Cao was a struggle between feudal separatist forces, the realization of regional unification objectively met the people's wishes.